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linux网络配置、测试及故障诊断方法和工具三
發布時間：2025/4/5
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linux网络配置、测试及故障诊断方法和工具三
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DNS客戶端配置文件/etc/resolv.conf<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /> /etc/resolv.conf 里面存放的是各大通信公司DNS服務器列表；下面的三個地址可以用一用；當然您可以打電話問你的服務商； nameserver 202.96.134.133
nameserver 202.96.128.143
nameserver 202.96.68.38
＃ethtool -s eth0 duplex full 在/etc/modules.conf添加內容
alias eth0 bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
options??bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
重起！ mii-tool 更改網絡接口協商的方法； [root@localhost]# mii-tool --help
usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
???????-V, --version display version information
???????-v, --verbose more verbose output 注：顯示網絡接口的信息；
???????-R, --reset reset MII to poweron state 注：重設MII到開啟狀態；
???????-r, --restart restart autonegotiation 注：重啟自動協商模式；
???????-w, --watch monitor for link status changes 注：查看網絡接口連接的狀態變化；
???????-l, --log with -w, write events to syslog 注：寫入事件到系統日志；
???????-A, --advertise=media,... advertise only specified media 注：指令特定的網絡接口；
???????-F, --force=media force specified media technology 注：更改網絡接口協商方式；
media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
???????(to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT
Settings for eth0:
????????Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
????????Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
????????????????????????????????100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
????????Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
????????Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
????????????????????????????????100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
????????Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注：自動協商關閉
????????Speed: 100Mb/s 注：速度 100Mb
????????Duplex: Full 注：全雙工
????????Port: MII
????????PHYAD: 32
????????Transceiver: internal
????????Auto-negotiation: off
????????Supports Wake-on: pumbg
????????Wake-on: d
????????Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
????????Link detected: yes 注：eth0已經激活； ethtool 設置網卡的協商模式； ethtool -s DEVNAME \
????????????????[ speed 10|100|1000 ] \
????????????????[ duplex half|full ] \
????????????????[ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ] \
????????????????[ autoneg on|off ] \ 把網卡eth0 速度改為10Mb/s，采用半雙工； [root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half [root@localhost]# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: ??????? Supported ports: [ TP MII ] ??????? Supported link modes:?? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Supports auto-negotiation: Yes ??????? Advertised link modes:? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Advertised auto-negotiation: No ??????? Speed: 10Mb/s 注：速度 10M/s ??????? Duplex: Half? 注：半雙工 ??????? Port: MII ??????? PHYAD: 32 ??????? Transceiver: internal ??????? Auto-negotiation: off ??????? Supports Wake-on: pumbg ??????? Wake-on: d ??????? Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) ??????? Link detected: no 注：eth1沒有激活； 把網卡eth0 速度改為100Mb/s，采用全雙工； [root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full [root@localhost]# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: ??????? Supported ports: [ TP MII ] ??????? Supported link modes:?? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Supports auto-negotiation: Yes ??????? Advertised link modes:? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Advertised auto-negotiation: No ??????? Speed: 100Mb/s? 注：速度 100M/s ??????? Duplex: Full 注：全雙工 ??????? Port: MII ??????? PHYAD: 32 ??????? Transceiver: internal ??????? Auto-negotiation: off ??????? Supports Wake-on: pumbg ??????? Wake-on: d ??????? Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) ??????? Link detected: no 注：eth1網卡沒有激活；
nameserver 202.96.128.143
nameserver 202.96.68.38
?
改變網絡接口的速度和協商方式的工具miitool 和ethtool 通過mii-tool和ethtool工具來調整網卡的速度、雙工等，這樣能提高網卡的效率； mii-tool 配置網絡設備協商方式的工具 mii-tool 介紹 mii-tool - view, manipulate media-independent interface status （mii-tool 是查看，管理介質的網絡接口的狀態） 有時網卡需要配置協商方式 ，比如10/100/1000M的網卡半雙工、全雙工、自動協商的配置 。但大多數的網絡設備是不用我們來修改協商，因為大多數網絡設置接入的時候，都采用自動協商來解決相互通信的問題。但在有的情況下，需要我們手動來設置網卡的協商方式； mii-tool 就是能指定網卡的協商方式。 注明：我在使用mii-tool工具修改協商模式時，提示是錯誤的，因為是在虛擬機中做的，不過虛擬機中的網卡我查看是支持全雙工模式的，可是提示錯誤SIOCGMIIPHY on 'eth0' failed: Operation not supported，問題出在那里也不清楚，用google查了下，發現不少人都是這樣的錯誤，也沒說明原因；不過多數人提示可以使用ethtool工具去修改，我測試了下，還行！還有一種方法是修改/etc/modules.conf配置文件； ＃ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off＃ethtool -s eth0 duplex full 在/etc/modules.conf添加內容
alias eth0 bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
options??bcm5700 line_speed=100 full_duplex=1
重起！ mii-tool 更改網絡接口協商的方法； [root@localhost]# mii-tool --help
usage: mii-tool [-VvRrwl] [-A media,... | -F media] [interface ...]
???????-V, --version display version information
???????-v, --verbose more verbose output 注：顯示網絡接口的信息；
???????-R, --reset reset MII to poweron state 注：重設MII到開啟狀態；
???????-r, --restart restart autonegotiation 注：重啟自動協商模式；
???????-w, --watch monitor for link status changes 注：查看網絡接口連接的狀態變化；
???????-l, --log with -w, write events to syslog 注：寫入事件到系統日志；
???????-A, --advertise=media,... advertise only specified media 注：指令特定的網絡接口；
???????-F, --force=media force specified media technology 注：更改網絡接口協商方式；
media: 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD,
???????(to advertise both HD and FD) 100baseTx, 10baseT
?
查看網絡接口的協商狀態 [root@localhost]# mii-tool -v eth0 eth0: negotiated 100baseTx-FD, link ok ? product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0 ??basic mode:?? autonegotiation enabled ? basic status: autonegotiation complete, link ok ? capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD ? advertising:? 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD ? link partner: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD flow-control 注：上面的例子，我們可以看得到是自動協商。注意紅字的部份； 更改網絡接口協商方式； 更改網絡接口的協商方式，我們要用到－F選項，后面可以接 100baseT4, 100baseTx-FD, 100baseTx-HD, 10baseT-FD, 10baseT-HD等參數； 把網絡接口eth0改為 1000Mb/s全雙工的模式 [root@localhost]# mii-tool -F? 100baseTx-FD?
[root@localhost]#mii-tool -v eth0 eth0: 100 Mbit, full duplex, link ok ? product info: vendor 00:00:00, model 0 rev 0 ? basic mode:?? 100 Mbit, full duplex ? basic status: link ok ? capabilities: 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD ? advertising:? 100baseTx-FD 100baseTx-HD 10baseT-FD 10baseT-HD 也可以使用ethtool工具修改： ?[root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full ethtool 工具關于網絡協商功能介紹 ethtool - Display or change ethernet card settings（ethtool 是用來顯示和更改網卡設置的工具）；這個工具比較復雜，功能也特別多； ethtool 顯示網絡端口設置功能 [root@localhost]# ethtool eth0Settings for eth0:
????????Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
????????Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
????????????????????????????????100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
????????Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
????????Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
????????????????????????????????100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
????????Advertised auto-negotiation: No 注：自動協商關閉
????????Speed: 100Mb/s 注：速度 100Mb
????????Duplex: Full 注：全雙工
????????Port: MII
????????PHYAD: 32
????????Transceiver: internal
????????Auto-negotiation: off
????????Supports Wake-on: pumbg
????????Wake-on: d
????????Current message level: 0x00000007 (7)
????????Link detected: yes 注：eth0已經激活； ethtool 設置網卡的協商模式； ethtool -s DEVNAME \
????????????????[ speed 10|100|1000 ] \
????????????????[ duplex half|full ] \
????????????????[ port tp|aui|bnc|mii|fibre ] \
????????????????[ autoneg on|off ] \ 把網卡eth0 速度改為10Mb/s，采用半雙工； [root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 10 duplex half [root@localhost]# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: ??????? Supported ports: [ TP MII ] ??????? Supported link modes:?? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Supports auto-negotiation: Yes ??????? Advertised link modes:? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Advertised auto-negotiation: No ??????? Speed: 10Mb/s 注：速度 10M/s ??????? Duplex: Half? 注：半雙工 ??????? Port: MII ??????? PHYAD: 32 ??????? Transceiver: internal ??????? Auto-negotiation: off ??????? Supports Wake-on: pumbg ??????? Wake-on: d ??????? Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) ??????? Link detected: no 注：eth1沒有激活； 把網卡eth0 速度改為100Mb/s，采用全雙工； [root@localhost]# ethtool -s eth1 speed 100 duplex full [root@localhost]# ethtool eth1 Settings for eth1: ??????? Supported ports: [ TP MII ] ??????? Supported link modes:?? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Supports auto-negotiation: Yes ??????? Advertised link modes:? 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full ??????????????????????????????? 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full ??????? Advertised auto-negotiation: No ??????? Speed: 100Mb/s? 注：速度 100M/s ??????? Duplex: Full 注：全雙工 ??????? Port: MII ??????? PHYAD: 32 ??????? Transceiver: internal ??????? Auto-negotiation: off ??????? Supports Wake-on: pumbg ??????? Wake-on: d ??????? Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) ??????? Link detected: no 注：eth1網卡沒有激活；
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/13233/82559
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