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mount查看linux分区大小,Linux磁盘管理----分区格式化挂载fdisk、mkfs、mount

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1,磁盤分區命令fdisk

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l #查看磁盤分區情況

Disk /dev/sda: 10.8 GB, 10837518250 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

(這個硬盤的大小是10.8GB,有255個磁面,63個扇區,1305磁柱(cylinders)

每個cylinder(磁柱)的容量是8225280 bytes=8225.280K(約為)=8.225280M(約))

Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? End ? ? ?Blocks ? ?Id? System

/dev/sda1??* ? ? ? 1 ? ? ? ? 13 ? ? ?104391 ? ?83? Linux

/dev/sda2 ? ? ? ? ?14 ? ? ? ?1305 ? ? 10377990 ? 8e? Linux LVM

(ID和System表示的是分區類型,id看起來不太直觀,我們要在fdisk創建一個分區時,可以指定id來確認分區類型;比如7表示的就NTFS分區;這個在fdisk中要通過參數“t”來指定。)

硬盤分區的表示:在Linux是通過hd*x或sd*x表示的:

其中*表示的是a、b、c ... ...

另外x表示的數字1、2、3 ... ...

hd大多是IDE硬盤;sd大多是SCSI或移動存儲;引導(Boot):表示引導分區,在上面的例子中sda1是引導分區;

Start(開始):表示的一個分區從Xcylinder(磁柱)開始;

End(結束):表示一個分區到?Ycylinder(磁柱)結束;

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB,21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a validpartition table

[root@localhost ~]#?fdisk /dev/sda #對磁盤sda進行分區

Thenumber of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.

There isnothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,

and couldin certain setups cause problems with:

1) softwarethat runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)

2)booting and partitioning software from other OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

(輸入m可以得到幫助信息)

Command(m for help): m???? ?????????????---輸出幫助信息

Commandaction

a??toggle a bootable flag? ???????????? ---設置啟動分區

b??edit bsd disklabel????? ????????? ?---編輯分區標簽

c??toggle the dos compatibility flag???????? ---切換dos兼容模式

d??delete a partition????????????????--刪除一個分區

l??list known partition types????????????--列出分區類型

m??print this menu????????????????? --幫助

n??add a new partition?????????????? ?--建立一個新的分區

o??create a new empty DOS partition table??????--創建一個新的空白DOS分區表

p??print the partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---打印分區表

q??quit without saving changes ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---退出不保存設置

s ? createa new empty Sun disklabel ? ? ? ? ? ? ---創建新的sun磁盤標簽

t ? changea partition's system id ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---改變分區的ID

u ? changedisplay/entry units ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---改變顯示的單位

v ? verifythe partition table ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---檢查驗證分區表

w??write table to disk and exit ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存分區表

x??extra functionality (experts only)????????---擴展功能

Command (m for help): n?(創建一個新分區)

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)????? ---指定分區類型? e為擴展分區 ?p為主分區

p (輸入p選擇創建主分區)

Partition number (1-4):1 (創建第一個主分區,也即是后來的sda1) ---主分區最多只能有四個

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1?? ---設定起始分區的位置

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):2610

Using default value 2610 ? ? ? ? ? ?---設定結束分區的位置

Command (m for help):w? ? ? ? ? ?---保存剛才的配置信息。

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

刪除分區

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): d ? ?(---d 是代表刪除,并且會列出當前磁盤的分區數)

Selected partition 1???? (1 是要刪除的分區編號)

Command (m for help): p ? ?(---p 是代表刪除后,顯示磁盤還有幾個剩余的分區)

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot ? ? Start ? ? End ? ?Blocks??Id? System ? 已經沒有分區了

Command (m for help): w ? ?(---w 保存剛才的操作并且生效)

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

通過fdisk?命令來創建一指定大小的分區并增加一個分區

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help):n??????????? ---創建分區

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)

p????????????????輸入p --指定分區類型為主分區

Partition number (1-4):1?????????? --指定其實分區號

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 1 ? ? ?--指定起始柱面號

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1-2610, default 2610):1024 ---指定終止柱面號

Command (m for help):w??????????? ---保存分區配置信息

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

Syncing disks.

增加分區

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb????? -----增加分區

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): n?????? ---分區類型

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)??? ---還是指定主分區

p

Partition number (1-4): 1??????????---分區號,我指定1。

Partition 1is already defined.??Delete it beforere-adding it.

–提示分區號1已經存在,刪除后操作

Command (m for help): n????????? --我們重新創建分區

Command action

e?? extended

p?? primary partition (1-4)???? --指定分區類型

p

Partition number (1-4): 2 ? ? ? ? ---因為分區1已經存在,所以我們指定分區2,可通過。

First cylinder (1025-2610, default 1025): ? ?---指定起始礠柱號,默認是上一分區后一號。

Using default value 1025

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK(1025-2610, default 2610): 2000 指定終止柱號。

Command (m for help): w?????????????????? ---保存分區配置

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]#

通過fdisk命令來修改現有分區類型

fdisk?通過t參數來指定

查看分區類型

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb???查看分區信息,類型是Linux,id是83

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot????? Start ? ? ? ?End????? Blocks??Id??System

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1??????? 1024????8225248+??83??Linux

/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? 2000 ? ? ? 7839720 ? 83??Linux

修改分區類型

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb

The number of cylinders for this disk isset to 2610.

There is nothing wrong with that, but thisis larger than 1024,

and could in certain setups cause problemswith:

1) software that runs at boot time (e.g.,old versions of LILO)

2) booting and partitioning software fromother OSs

(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)

Command (m for help): t ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---進入修改分區類型

Partition number (1-4): 1 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定需要修改的分區號

Hex code (type L tolist codes): 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---指定分區號為6,也就是FAT16

注意:查看分區類型的代碼,在這里可以輸入L查看就可以了

Changed system type of partition 1 to 6(FAT16)

Command (m for help): w ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ---保存

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition tablefailed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table.

The new table will be used at the nextreboot.

WARNING: If you have created or modifiedany DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manualpage for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb??????? ---我們看到已經FAT16,并且ID也改成6了。

Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Device Boot????? Start???????? End????? Blocks??Id? System

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? ?1 ? ? ? ? ? ? 1024????8225248+??6? FAT16

/dev/sdb2 ? ? ? ? 1025 ? ? ? ? ? ? 2000????7839720?? 83? Linux

[root@localhost ~]#

mkfs對分區進行格式化:

對分區進行格式化的命令如下,mkfs后面所接的代表的是將要格式化成的文件系統類型:

mkfs.bfs

mkfs.ext3

mkfs.ext4

mkfs.jfs

mkfs.msdos

mkfs.vfat

mkfs.cramfs

mkfs.minix

mkfs.reiserfs

mkfs.xfs

格式化分區:

[root@localhost ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1????????? ---格式化分區類型為ext4

mke4fs 1.41.5(23-Apr-2009)

Filesystem label= ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---我們沒有指定卷標,就沒有

OS type: Linux ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?---操作系統類型

Block size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--單個塊的大小

Fragment size=4096 (log=2) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?--片大小

1310720 inodes, 5241198blocks

262059 blocks (5.00%)reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=0

160 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group

8192 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912,819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables:done

Creating journal (32768blocks): done

Writing superblocks andfilesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will beautomatically checked every 27 mounts or

180 days, whichever comesfirst.? Use tune4fs -c or -i to override.

mount掛載磁盤:(臨時掛載)

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir/data???????????? --創建掛載目錄點

[root@localhost ~]# mount? /dev/sdb1 /data? --將/dev/sdb1掛載到/data

驗證是否成功掛載

[root@localhost ~]# df -h

Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

7.7G? 3.1G?4.2G? 43% /

/dev/sda1 ? ? ? ?99M?? 12M??82M ? ?13% ?/boot

tmpfs ? ? ? ? ? 506M ? 0 ? ?506M?? 0% ?dev/shm

/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ? 20G?? 16K??20G?? 1% ?/data???? --已經成功掛載了。

[root@localhost ~]#

修改fstab表掛載磁盤(永久掛載)

通過vim編輯器編輯/etc/fstab文件,內容如下,(紅色部分是剛添加上去的):

掛載路徑 ? ?掛載的分區 ? ?文件系統??掛載參數 ? ?是否要備份???自檢順序

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00/ ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 1

LABEL=/boot ? ? /boo ? ? ? ? ?ext3??? defaults??????? 1 2

tmpfs ? ? ? ? /dev/shm ? ? ? tmpfs ? ?defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

devpts ? ? ? ?/dev/pts ? ? ? devpts? gid=5,mode=620 ? ? ? ?0 0

sysfs ? ? ? ? /sys ? ? ? ? ?sysfs?? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

proc ? ? ? ? /proc ? ? ? ? ?proc??? defaults??????? 0 0

/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01swap ? ? ?swap??? defaults??????? 0 0

/data ? ? ? ?/dev/sdb1 ? ? ? ext4 ? ? defaults ? ? ? ? ? 0 0

保存后執行命令 mount -a 加載最新配置

第四列掛載參數:通過mount來查看

第五列是否要備份:(0為不備份,1為要備份,一般情況下不用做備份)

第六列自檢程序??(0為不自檢,1或2為要自檢,如果是根分區要設置1,其它分區只能是2)

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