線程的堆棧

——Windows核心編程學習手札之十六

系統會在進程的地址空間內保存一些區域，同時也會在進程地址空間內為線程的堆棧保留區域。線程都有自己的堆棧，創建時，系統就保留一個堆棧空間區域，并將相應物理存儲器提交給這個保留的區域用于線程堆棧。按照默認設置，系統保留1MB的地址空間并提交兩個頁面的內存，默認值可以在鏈接應用程序時設定Microsoft的鏈接程序的/STACK選項：

/STACK:reserve[,commit]

當創建一個線程的堆棧時，系統就會保留一個鏈接程序/STACK開關指明的地址空間區域。在調用CreateThread或_beginthreadx函數時，可以重載原先提交的內存數量，這兩個函數都有一個參數，可以用來重載原先提交給堆棧地址空間的內存數量，如果設定這個參數為0，那么系統將使用/STACK開關指明的已提交的堆棧大小值。

線程堆棧溢棧例子，超過1MB分配空間，SHE提示出錯：

// Demo.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application.

//

?

#include "stdafx.h"

#include "resource.h"

#include? <process.h>??

?

#define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

#define UINT_MAX? 4

// Global Variables:

HINSTANCE hInst;??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? // current instance

TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? // The title bar text

TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];????????????????????????????????????????????????? // The title bar text

?

// Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:

ATOM????????????????????????? MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);

BOOL????????????????????????? InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);

LRESULT CALLBACK? WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

LRESULT CALLBACK? About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);

?

//Function:Sum

//An example of calling Sum for uNum=0 through 9

//uNum:0 1 2 3 4?? 5? 6? 7? 8? 9 ...

//Sum: 0 1 3 6 10 15 21 28 36 45 ...

UINT Sum(UINT nNum)

{

?????? // call Sum recursively.

?????? return ( (nNum ==0)?0:(nNum+Sum(nNum-1)) );

}

//end of Sum

?

//Function:FilterFunc

LONG WINAPI FilterFunc(DWORD dwExceptionCode)

{

?????? return ((dwExceptionCode==STATUS_STACK_OVERFLOW)?

???????????? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER:EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH);

}

//end of FilterFunc

?

//Function:SumThreadFunc

//the separate thread that is responsible for calculating the sum.

unsigned int? WINAPI SumThreadFunc(PVOID pvParam)

{

?????? //the parameter pvParam,contains the number of integers to sum.

?????? UINT uSumNum=PtrToUlong(pvParam);

??? //uSum contains the summation of the numbers from 0 through uSumNum.

?????? //if the sum cannot be calculated,a sum of UINT_MAX is returned.

??? UINT uSum=UINT_MAX;

?????? __try{

????????????? uSum=Sum(uSumNum);

?????? }

?????? __except(FilterFunc(GetExceptionCode())){

?????? }

?????? return(uSum);

}

//end of SumThreadFunc

int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,

???????????????????? HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,

???????????????????? LPSTR???? lpCmdLine,

???????????????????? int?????? nCmdShow)

{

????? // TODO: Place code here.

?????? MSG msg;

?????? HACCEL hAccelTable;

?

?????? // Initialize global strings

?????? LoadString(hInstance, IDS_APP_TITLE, szTitle, MAX_LOADSTRING);

?????? LoadString(hInstance, IDC_DEMO, szWindowClass, MAX_LOADSTRING);

?????? MyRegisterClass(hInstance);

?

?????? // Perform application initialization:

?????? if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))

?????? {

????????????? return FALSE;

?????? }

?

?????? hAccelTable = LoadAccelerators(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDC_DEMO);

?

?????? // Main message loop:

?????? while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))

?????? {

????????????? if (!TranslateAccelerator(msg.hwnd, hAccelTable, &msg))

????????????? {

???????????????????? TranslateMessage(&msg);

???????????????????? DispatchMessage(&msg);

????????????? }

?????? }

?

?????? return msg.wParam;

}

?

?

?

//

//? FUNCTION: MyRegisterClass()

//

//? PURPOSE: Registers the window class.

//

//? COMMENTS:

//

//??? This function and its usage is only necessary if you want this code

//??? to be compatible with Win32 systems prior to the 'RegisterClassEx'

//??? function that was added to Windows 95. It is important to call this function

//??? so that the application will get 'well formed' small icons associated

//??? with it.

//

ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)

{

?????? WNDCLASSEX wcex;

?

?????? wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

?

?????? wcex.style??????????????????? = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;

?????? wcex.lpfnWndProc?????? = (WNDPROC)WndProc;

?????? wcex.cbClsExtra?????????? = 0;

?????? wcex.cbWndExtra???????? = 0;

?????? wcex.hInstance???????????? = hInstance;

?????? wcex.hIcon????????????????? = LoadIcon(hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_DEMO);

?????? wcex.hCursor??????? = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);

?????? wcex.hbrBackground???? = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+1);

?????? wcex.lpszMenuName???? = (LPCSTR)IDC_DEMO;

?????? wcex.lpszClassName???? = szWindowClass;

?????? wcex.hIconSm???????????? = LoadIcon(wcex.hInstance, (LPCTSTR)IDI_SMALL);

?

?????? return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);

}

?

//

//?? FUNCTION: InitInstance(HANDLE, int)

//

//?? PURPOSE: Saves instance handle and creates main window

//

//?? COMMENTS:

//

//??????? In this function, we save the instance handle in a global variable and

//??????? create and display the main program window.

//

BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)

{

?? HWND hWnd;

?

?? hInst = hInstance; // Store instance handle in our global variable

?

?? hWnd = CreateWindow(szWindowClass, szTitle, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,

????? CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

?

?? if (!hWnd)

?? {

????? return FALSE;

?? }

?

?? ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);

?? UpdateWindow(hWnd);

?

?? return TRUE;

}

?

//

//? FUNCTION: WndProc(HWND, unsigned, WORD, LONG)

//

//? PURPOSE:? Processes messages for the main window.

//

//? WM_COMMAND??? - process the application menu

//? WM_PAINT???? - Paint the main window

//? WM_DESTROY????? - post a quit message and return

//

//

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

?????? int wmId, wmEvent;

?????? PAINTSTRUCT ps;

?????? HDC hdc;

?????? TCHAR szHello[MAX_LOADSTRING];

?????? LoadString(hInst, IDS_HELLO, szHello, MAX_LOADSTRING);

?

?????? switch (message)

?????? {

????????????? case WM_COMMAND:

???????????????????? wmId??? = LOWORD(wParam);

???????????????????? wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);

???????????????????? // Parse the menu selections:

???????????????????? switch (wmId)

???????????????????? {

?????? ????????????? ??? case IDM_CALC:

??????????????????? {

?????????????????????????????????? UINT uSum=44000;

?????????????????????????????????? unsigned dwThreadId;

?????????????????????????????????? HANDLE hThread=(HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,SumThreadFunc,(PVOID)(UINT_PTR)uSum,0,&dwThreadId);

?????????????????????????????????? //wait for the thread to terminate.

?????????????????????????????????? WaitForSingleObject(hThread,INFINITE);

?????????????????????????????????? //the thread's exit code is the resulting summation.

?????????????????????????????????? GetExitCodeThread(hThread,(PDWORD)&uSum);

?????????????????????????????????? CloseHandle(hThread);

?????????????????????????????????? if(uSum==UINT_MAX)

????????????????????????????????????????? MessageBox(hWnd,"error","warning",0);

?????????????????????????????????? else

??????????????????????? MessageBox(hWnd,"Success","warning",0);

?????????????????????????????????? }

??????????????????? break;

??????????????????????????? case IDM_ABOUT:

??????????????????????????? ?? DialogBox(hInst, (LPCTSTR)IDD_ABOUTBOX, hWnd, (DLGPROC)About);

??????????????????????????? ?? break;

??????????????????????????? case IDM_EXIT:

??????????????????????????? ?? DestroyWindow(hWnd);

??????????????????????????? ?? break;

??????????????????????????? default:

??????????????????????????? ?? return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);

???????????????????? }

???????????????????? break;

????????????? case WM_PAINT:

???????????????????? hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);

???????????????????? // TODO: Add any drawing code here...

???????????????????? RECT rt;

???????????????????? GetClientRect(hWnd, &rt);

???????????????????? DrawText(hdc, szHello, strlen(szHello), &rt, DT_CENTER);

???????????????????? EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);

???????????????????? break;

????????????? case WM_DESTROY:

???????????????????? PostQuitMessage(0);

???????????????????? break;

????????????? default:

???????????????????? return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);

?? }

?? return 0;

}

?

// Mesage handler for about box.

LRESULT CALLBACK About(HWND hDlg, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

{

?????? switch (message)

?????? {

????????????? case WM_INITDIALOG:

??????????????????????????? return TRUE;

?

????????????? case WM_COMMAND:

???????????????????? if (LOWORD(wParam) == IDOK || LOWORD(wParam) == IDCANCEL)

???????????????????? {

??????????????????????????? EndDialog(hDlg, LOWORD(wParam));

??????????????????????????? return TRUE;

???????????????????? }

???????????????????? break;

?????? }

??? return FALSE;

}

?

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