需在理解算法導論中線性規劃單純性算法基礎上理解Java實現的代碼，結合http://blog.csdn.net/fjssharpsword/article/details/53195556理解。

具體代碼如下：

package sk.mlib;import java.util.Random;/************************************************************************** Compilation: javac Simplex.java* Execution: java Simplex** Given an M-by-N matrix A, an M-length vector b, and an* N-length vector c, solve the LP { max cx : Ax <= b, x >= 0 }.* Assumes that b >= 0 so that x = 0 is a basic feasible solution.** Creates an (M+1)-by-(N+M+1) simplex tableaux with the * RHS in column M+N, the objective function in row M, and* slack variables in columns M through M+N-1.**************************************************************************/public class Simplex {private static final double EPSILON = 1.0E-10;private double[][] a; // tableauxprivate int M; // number of constraintsprivate int N; // number of original variablesprivate int[] basis; // basis[i] = basic variable corresponding to row i// only needed to print out solution, not book// sets up the simplex tableauxpublic Simplex(double[][] A, double[] b, double[] c) {M = b.length;N = c.length;a = new double[M+1][N+M+1];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)a[i][j] = A[i][j];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) a[i][N+i] = 1.0;for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) a[M][j] = c[j];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) a[i][M+N] = b[i];basis = new int[M];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) basis[i] = N + i;solve();// check optimality conditionsassert check(A, b, c);//初始化判斷輸入的線性規劃是否存在初始基本可行解、對偶最優解判斷、無限解}// run simplex algorithm starting from initial BFSprivate void solve() {while (true) {// find entering column qint q = bland();if (q == -1) break; // optimal// find leaving row pint p = minRatioRule(q);if (p == -1) throw new RuntimeException("Linear program is unbounded");// pivotpivot(p, q);// update basisbasis[p] = q;}}// lowest index of a non-basic column with a positive costprivate int bland() {for (int j = 0; j < M + N; j++)if (a[M][j] > 0) return j;return -1; // optimal}// index of a non-basic column with most positive costprivate int dantzig() {int q = 0;for (int j = 1; j < M + N; j++)if (a[M][j] > a[M][q]) q = j;if (a[M][q] <= 0) return -1; // optimalelse return q;}// find row p using min ratio rule (-1 if no such row)private int minRatioRule(int q) {int p = -1;for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {if (a[i][q] <= 0) continue;else if (p == -1) p = i;else if ((a[i][M+N] / a[i][q]) < (a[p][M+N] / a[p][q])) p = i;}return p;}// pivot on entry (p, q) using Gauss-Jordan elimination，主元操作，交換變量private void pivot(int p, int q) {// everything but row p and column qfor (int i = 0; i <= M; i++)for (int j = 0; j <= M + N; j++)if (i != p && j != q) a[i][j] -= a[p][j] * a[i][q] / a[p][q];// zero out column qfor (int i = 0; i <= M; i++)if (i != p) a[i][q] = 0.0;// scale row pfor (int j = 0; j <= M + N; j++)if (j != q) a[p][j] /= a[p][q];a[p][q] = 1.0;}// return optimal objective valuepublic double value() {return -a[M][M+N];}// return primal solution vectorpublic double[] primal() {double[] x = new double[N];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)if (basis[i] < N) x[basis[i]] = a[i][M+N];return x;}// return dual solution vectorpublic double[] dual() {double[] y = new double[M];for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)y[i] = -a[M][N+i];return y;}// is the solution primal feasible?構造輔助線性規劃private boolean isPrimalFeasible(double[][] A, double[] b) {double[] x = primal();// check that x >= 0for (int j = 0; j < x.length; j++) {if (x[j] < 0.0) {System.out.println("x[" + j + "] = " + x[j] + " is negative");return false;}}// check that Ax <= bfor (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {double sum = 0.0;for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {sum += A[i][j] * x[j];}if (sum > b[i] + EPSILON) {System.out.println("not primal feasible");System.out.println("b[" + i + "] = " + b[i] + ", sum = " + sum);return false;}}return true;}// is the solution dual feasible?構造對偶線性規劃private boolean isDualFeasible(double[][] A, double[] c) {double[] y = dual();// check that y >= 0for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++) {if (y[i] < 0.0) {System.out.println("y[" + i + "] = " + y[i] + " is negative");return false;}}// check that yA >= cfor (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {double sum = 0.0;for (int i = 0; i < M; i++) {sum += A[i][j] * y[i];}if (sum < c[j] - EPSILON) {System.out.println("not dual feasible");System.out.println("c[" + j + "] = " + c[j] + ", sum = " + sum);return false;}}return true;}// check that optimal value = cx = ybprivate boolean isOptimal(double[] b, double[] c) {double[] x = primal();double[] y = dual();double value = value();// check that value = cx = ybdouble value1 = 0.0;for (int j = 0; j < x.length; j++)value1 += c[j] * x[j];double value2 = 0.0;for (int i = 0; i < y.length; i++)value2 += y[i] * b[i];if (Math.abs(value - value1) > EPSILON || Math.abs(value - value2) > EPSILON) {System.out.println("value = " + value + ", cx = " + value1 + ", yb = " + value2);return false;}return true;}private boolean check(double[][]A, double[] b, double[] c) {return isPrimalFeasible(A, b) && isDualFeasible(A, c) && isOptimal(b, c);}// print tableauxpublic void show() {System.out.println("M = " + M);System.out.println("N = " + N);for (int i = 0; i <= M; i++) {for (int j = 0; j <= M + N; j++) {System.out.printf("%7.2f ", a[i][j]);}System.out.println();}System.out.println("value = " + value());for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)if (basis[i] < N) System.out.println("x_" + basis[i] + " = " + a[i][M+N]);System.out.println();}public static void test(double[][] A, double[] b, double[] c) {Simplex lp = new Simplex(A, b, c);System.out.println("value = " + lp.value());double[] x = lp.primal();for (int i = 0; i < x.length; i++)System.out.println("x[" + i + "] = " + x[i]);double[] y = lp.dual();for (int j = 0; j < y.length; j++)System.out.println("y[" + j + "] = " + y[j]);}public static void test1() {double[][] A = {{ -1, 1, 0 },{ 1, 4, 0 },{ 2, 1, 0 },{ 3, -4, 0 },{ 0, 0, 1 },};double[] c = { 1, 1, 1 };double[] b = { 5, 45, 27, 24, 4 };test(A, b, c);}// x0 = 12, x1 = 28, opt = 800public static void test2() {double[] c = { 13.0, 23.0 };double[] b = { 480.0, 160.0, 1190.0 };double[][] A = {{ 5.0, 15.0 },{ 4.0, 4.0 },{ 35.0, 20.0 },};test(A, b, c);}// unboundedpublic static void test3() {double[] c = { 2.0, 3.0, -1.0, -12.0 };double[] b = { 3.0, 2.0 };double[][] A = {{ -2.0, -9.0, 1.0, 9.0 },{ 1.0, 1.0, -1.0, -2.0 },};test(A, b, c);}// degenerate - cycles if you choose most positive objective function coefficientpublic static void test4() {double[] c = { 10.0, -57.0, -9.0, -24.0 };double[] b = { 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };double[][] A = {{ 0.5, -5.5, -2.5, 9.0 },{ 0.5, -1.5, -0.5, 1.0 },{ 1.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 },};test(A, b, c);}// test clientpublic static void main(String[] args) {try { test1(); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }System.out.println("--------------------------------");/*try { test2(); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }System.out.println("--------------------------------");try { test3(); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }System.out.println("--------------------------------");try { test4(); }catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }System.out.println("--------------------------------");int M = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);int N = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);double[] c = new double[N];double[] b = new double[M];double[][] A = new double[M][N];for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)c[j] = new Random().nextInt(1000);for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)b[i] = new Random().nextInt(1000);for (int i = 0; i < M; i++)for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)A[i][j] = new Random().nextInt(100);Simplex lp = new Simplex(A, b, c);System.out.println(lp.value());*/}}
test1測試數據執行結果如下：

value = 22.0 x[0] = 9.000000000000002 x[1] = 9.0 x[2] = 4.0 y[0] = -0.0 y[1] = 0.1428571428571428 y[2] = 0.4285714285714286 y[3] = -0.0 y[4] = 1.0 --------------------------------

總結

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