方法一：for in 循環

from random import randint, sample

a1 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a2 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a3 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a4 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

r = []

for x in a1:

if x in a2 and x in a3 and x in a4:

r.append(x)

print(r)

randint(1, 4)：從1~4間隨機取一個數；

方法二：利用集合的交集操作

from random import randint, sample

a1 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a2 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a3 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a4 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a = a1.keys() & a2.keys()?& a3.keys()?& a4.keys()

print(a)

a1.keys()：得到a1字典的key，一set格式；

a1.keys() & a2.keys()?& a3.keys()?& a4.keys()：取4個集合的公共元素；

a為一個集合(set)

方法三：使用 map 即 reduce(用于求n個字典的公共key)

from random import randint, sample

from functools import reduce

a1 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a2 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a3 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

a4 = {k; randint(1, 4) for k in 'abcdefg'}

b1 = map(dict.keys, [a1, a2, a3, a4])

b2 = reduce(lambda a ,b: a & b, b1)

print(b2)

b1 = map(dict.keys, [a1, a2, a3, a4])：以集合形式取每個字典的keys；

總結

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