android 发送前台广播,使用IntentService与BroadcastReceiver实现后台服务(Android7.0可用）...
IntentService的優(yōu)點(diǎn)
IntentService會(huì)創(chuàng)建單獨(dú)的線程處理所有的Intent請(qǐng)求，
會(huì)處理onHandleIntent方法實(shí)現(xiàn)的代碼，
隱藏開發(fā)者無須處理多線程問題，
當(dāng)所有請(qǐng)求處理完成后，IntentService會(huì)自動(dòng)停止
Action的使用
Action其實(shí)就是一個(gè)字符串，可以起到一個(gè)標(biāo)識(shí)的作用
BroadcastReceiver的使用
BroadcastReceiver本質(zhì)是一個(gè)監(jiān)聽器，有自己的進(jìn)程
重寫onReceive方法即可，但是在該方法里面不要執(zhí)行耗時(shí)的操作，否則會(huì)ANR
發(fā)送
創(chuàng)建Intent
設(shè)置Action
putExtra
send發(fā)送
接收
實(shí)現(xiàn)onReceive方法
在AndroidManifest內(nèi)增加配置
BroadcastReceiver
其他
開機(jī)自動(dòng)運(yùn)行的Service
第一步
動(dòng)態(tài)注冊(cè)廣播
broadcastReceiver = new MyReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.space.text2.action.MSGTEXT");
//這個(gè)Action的作用是當(dāng)發(fā)送為該Action的廣播時(shí)，
該MyReceiver類的onReceive方法將會(huì)接收到并處理
registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver,intentFilter);
第二步
在Activity中添加一個(gè)UI組件，比如按鈕
為按鈕添加監(jiān)聽器
在該監(jiān)聽器內(nèi)啟動(dòng)IntentService
Intent intent = new Intent(FinsihActivity.this,TextIntentService.class);
intent.setAction("com.example.space.text2.action.MSGFINSIH");
//設(shè)置該Action以便IntentService接收到Intent，
判斷是哪個(gè)Action,如果是這個(gè)Action話，就進(jìn)行相應(yīng)處理
intent.putExtra("finish","這是finishactivity發(fā)送的消息");
FinsihActivity.this.startService(intent);
第三步
添加一個(gè)IntentService.java類，可以使用Android Studio的自動(dòng)生成
注釋掉沒有用的代碼
但是一定要保留protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) 和
public TextIntentService() {
super("TextIntentService");
}
方法
在protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) 方法中進(jìn)行后臺(tái)任務(wù)的處理即可
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
if (intent != null) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (ACTION_MSGFINSIH.equals(action)) {
String param1 = intent.getStringExtra("finish");
Intent intent1 = new Intent(ACTION_MSGTEXT);
//此處ACTION_MSGTEXT等于"com.example.space.text2.action.MSGTEXT"，
生成包含該Action的Intent后，就可以使用sendBroadcast發(fā)送廣播了，
之后自己定義的MyReceiver類的onReceive方法將會(huì)接收到并處理
intent1.putExtra("msg",param1+",IntentService收到并且廣播了出去");
sendBroadcast(intent1);
}
}
}
第四步
在自己定義的MyReceiver類的onReceive方法將會(huì)接收到并處理收到的intent
這個(gè)自己定義的MyReceiver類最好以內(nèi)部類的形式寫在使用該廣播的Activity中，
這樣就可以使用該Activity的UI組件了，
即可實(shí)現(xiàn)把后臺(tái)服務(wù)進(jìn)程中的數(shù)據(jù)更新在UI線程中的UI組件中
//內(nèi)部類
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), intent.getStringExtra("msg"),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
//注意，該句是自動(dòng)生成的，
一定要注釋掉，否則程序會(huì)崩潰重啟，
無法顯示出后臺(tái)服務(wù)通過廣播改變前臺(tái)UI的效果
}
}
完整代碼
第一個(gè)是Activity
public class FinsihActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
BroadcastReceiver broadcastReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_finsih);
//第一步：注冊(cè)廣播，綁定廣播和action
try
{
broadcastReceiver = new MyReceiver();
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction("com.example.space.text2.action.MSGTEXT");
registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver,intentFilter);
Log.i("mss","registerReceiver(broadcastReceiver,intentFilter);");
}
catch (ParcelFormatException e)
{
Log.i("mss","catch");
}
Button button = (Button)super.findViewById(R.id.button2);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
//第二步：開始IntentService
try
{
Intent intent = new Intent(FinsihActivity.this,TextIntentService.class);
Log.i("mss","Intent intent = new Intent(FinsihActivity.this,TextIntentService.class)");
intent.setAction("com.example.space.text2.action.MSGFINSIH");
intent.putExtra("finish","這是finishactivity發(fā)送的消息");
FinsihActivity.this.startService(intent);
Log.i("mss","FinsihActivity.this.startService(intent);");
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "startService(intent)", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
catch(ParcelFormatException e)
{
Log.i("mss","catch");
}
}
});
}
//內(nèi)部類
public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
// an Intent broadcast.
//
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), intent.getStringExtra("msg"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
// TextView textView = (TextView)FinsihActivity.super.findViewById(R.id.textView13);
// textView.setText(""+intent.getStringExtra("msg"));
//throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
}
}
}
第二個(gè)是IntentService
public class TextIntentService extends IntentService {
// TODO: Rename actions, choose action names that describe tasks that this
// IntentService can perform, e.g. ACTION_FETCH_NEW_ITEMS
private static final String ACTION_MSGTEXT = "com.example.space.text2.action.MSGTEXT";
private static final String ACTION_MSGFINSIH = "com.example.space.text2.action.MSGFINSIH";
private static final String ACTION_BAZ = "com.example.space.text2.action.BAZ";
// TODO: Rename parameters
public TextIntentService() {
super("TextIntentService");
}
// /**
// * Starts this service to perform action Foo with the given parameters. If
// * the service is already performing a task this action will be queued.
// *
// * @see IntentService
// */
// // TODO: Customize helper method
// public static void startActionFoo(Context context, String param1, String param2) {
// Intent intent = new Intent(context, TextIntentService.class);
// intent.setAction(ACTION_MSGTEXT);
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PARAM1, param1);
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PARAM2, param2);
// context.startService(intent);
// }
//
// /**
// * Starts this service to perform action Baz with the given parameters. If
// * the service is already performing a task this action will be queued.
// *
// * @see IntentService
// */
// // TODO: Customize helper method
// public static void startActionBaz(Context context, String param1, String param2) {
// Intent intent = new Intent(context, TextIntentService.class);
// intent.setAction(ACTION_BAZ);
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PARAM1, param1);
// intent.putExtra(EXTRA_PARAM2, param2);
// context.startService(intent);
// }
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
Log.i("mss","onHandleIntent");
if (intent != null) {
final String action = intent.getAction();
if (ACTION_MSGFINSIH.equals(action)) {
Log.i("mss","ACTION_MSGFINSIH.equals(action)");
String param1 = intent.getStringExtra("finish");
Log.i("mss","intent.getStringExtra(\"finish\") = "+param1);
Intent intent1 = new Intent(ACTION_MSGTEXT);
Log.i("mss","Intent intent1 = new Intent(ACTION_MSGTEXT);");
Log.i("mss",ACTION_MSGTEXT);
intent1.putExtra("msg",param1+",IntentService收到并且廣播了出去");
Log.i("mss","intent1.putExtra(\"msg\",param1+\",IntentService收到并且廣播了出去\");");
sendBroadcast(intent1);
Log.i("mss","super.sendBroadcast(intent1);");
}
}
}
// /**
// * Handle action Foo in the provided background thread with the provided
// * parameters.
// */
// private void handleActionFoo(String param1, String param2) {
// // TODO: Handle action Foo
// throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
// }
// private void handleActionFinish(String param1, String param2) {
// // TODO: Handle action Foo
// throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
// }
// /**
// * Handle action Baz in the provided background thread with the provided
// * parameters.
// */
// private void handleActionBaz(String param1, String param2) {
// // TODO: Handle action Baz
// throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");
// }
}
第三個(gè)是AndroidManifest
android:name=".TextIntentService"
android:exported="false">
其中exported="false"的意思是防止其他應(yīng)用訪問該Service
總結(jié)
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