一、Form組件介紹

1、Form組件可以做的幾件事情

　　1、用戶(hù)請(qǐng)求數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證

　　2、自動(dòng)生成錯(cuò)誤信息

　　3、打包用戶(hù)提交的正確信息

　　4、如果其中有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤了，其他的正確這，保留上次輸入的內(nèi)容

　　5、自動(dòng)創(chuàng)建input標(biāo)簽并可以設(shè)置樣式

2、Django內(nèi)置字段如下

Fieldrequired?=?True,???????#是否允許為空widget?=?None,?????????#HTML插件label?=?None,?????????#用于生成Label標(biāo)簽或顯示內(nèi)容initial?=?None,???????#初始值help_text?=?'',???????#幫助信息(在標(biāo)簽旁邊顯示)error_messages?=?None,?#錯(cuò)誤信息{'required':?'不能為空',?'invalid':?'格式錯(cuò)誤'}show_hidden_initial?=?False,?#是否在當(dāng)前插件后面再加一個(gè)隱藏的且具有默認(rèn)值的插件（可用于檢驗(yàn)兩次輸入是否一直）validators?=?[],???????#自定義驗(yàn)證規(guī)則localize?=?False,?????#是否支持本地化disabled?=?False,??????#是否可以編輯label_suffix?=?None????#Label內(nèi)容后綴CharField(Field)max_length?=?None,????#最大長(zhǎng)度min_length?=?None,????#最小長(zhǎng)度strip?=?True???????????#是否移除用戶(hù)輸入空白IntegerField(Field)max_value?=?None,??????#最大值min_value?=?None,??????#最小值DecimalField(IntegerField)max_value?=?None,??????#最大值min_value?=?None,??????#最小值max_digits?=?None,?????#總長(zhǎng)度decimal_places?=?None,?#小數(shù)位長(zhǎng)度BaseTemporalField(Field)input_formats?=?None???#?時(shí)間格式化DateField(BaseTemporalField)??????#格式：2015?-?09?-?01TimeField(BaseTemporalField)?????#?格式：11:?12DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)??#格式：2015?-?09?-?01?11:?12DurationField(Field)??????????????#時(shí)間間隔：?%?d?%?H:?%?M:?%?S.?%?f...RegexField(CharField)regex,??????????????????#自定制正則表達(dá)式max_length?=?None,?????#最大長(zhǎng)度min_length?=?None,?????#最小長(zhǎng)度error_message?=?None,??#忽略，錯(cuò)誤信息使用error_messages?=?{'invalid':?'...'}FileField(Field)allow_empty_file?=?False???#是否允許空文件ChoiceField(Field)...choices?=?(),????????#選項(xiàng)，如：choices?=?((0,?'上海'),?(1,?'北京'),)required?=?True,????#是否必填widget?=?None,??????#插件，默認(rèn)select插件label?=?None,???????#Label內(nèi)容initial?=?None,?????#初始值help_text?=?'',??????#幫助提示ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField)...?????????????????django.forms.models.ModelChoiceFieldqueryset,?????????????????????#?查詢(xún)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的數(shù)據(jù)empty_label?=?"---------",??#?默認(rèn)空顯示內(nèi)容to_field_name?=?None,?????????#?HTML中value的值對(duì)應(yīng)的字段limit_choices_to?=?None???????#?ModelForm中對(duì)queryset二次篩選ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) ...?????????????????????????django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceFieldTypedChoiceField(ChoiceField)coerce?=?lambda?val:?val?????#對(duì)選中的值進(jìn)行一次轉(zhuǎn)換empty_value?=?''?????????????#?空值的默認(rèn)值TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField)coerce?=?lambda?val:?val???????#對(duì)選中的每一個(gè)值進(jìn)行一次轉(zhuǎn)換empty_value?=?''????????????????#空值的默認(rèn)值ComboField(Field)fields?=?()????#使用多個(gè)驗(yàn)證，如下：即驗(yàn)證最大長(zhǎng)度20，又驗(yàn)證郵箱格式?fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20),?fields.EmailField(),?])SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField)input_date_formats?=?None,?#格式列表：['%Y--%m--%d',?'%m%d/%Y',?'%m/%d/%y']input_time_formats?=?None???#格式列表：['%H:%M:%S',?'%H:%M:%S.%f',?'%H:%M']FilePathField(ChoiceField)???#文件選項(xiàng)，目錄下文件顯示在頁(yè)面中path,????????????????????#文件夾路徑match?=?None,???????????#正則匹配recursive?=?False,??????#遞歸下面的文件夾allow_files?=?True,??????#允許文件allow_folders?=?False,??#允許文件夾required?=?True,widget?=?None,label?=?None,initial?=?None,help_text?=?''GenericIPAddressFieldprotocol?=?'both',?????both,?ipv4,?ipv6支持的IP格式unpack_ipv4?=?False????解析ipv4地址，如果是::ffff:?192.0.2.1時(shí)候，可解析為192.0.2.1，?PS：protocol必須為both才能啟用

3、常用選擇插件

#?單radio，值為字符串 user?=?fields.CharField(initial=2,widget=widgets.RadioSelect(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) )#?單radio，值為字符串 user?=?fields.ChoiceField(choices=((1,?'上海'),?(2,?'北京'),),initial=2,widget=widgets.RadioSelect )#?單select，值為字符串 user?=?fields.CharField(initial=2,widget=widgets.Select(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),)) )#?單select，值為字符串 user?=?fields.ChoiceField(choices=((1,?'上海'),?(2,?'北京'),),initial=2,widget=widgets.Select )#?多選select，值為列表 user?=?fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=((1,'上海'),(2,'北京'),),initial=[1,],widget=widgets.SelectMultiple )#?單checkbox user?=?fields.CharField(widget=widgets.CheckboxInput() )#?多選checkbox,值為列表 user?=?fields.MultipleChoiceField(initial=[2,?],choices=((1,?'上海'),?(2,?'北京'),),widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple )

二、表單渲染注冊(cè)頁(yè)面

views.py文件內(nèi)容:

from?django.shortcuts?import?render,HttpResponse from?django?import?forms from?django.forms?import?widgetsclass?UserForm(forms.Form):user=forms.CharField(label="用戶(hù)名",min_length=5,error_messages={"required":"不能為空","min_length":"最小長(zhǎng)度不能小于5"},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))tel=forms.CharField(label="手機(jī)號(hào)",max_length=8,?widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"}))email=forms.EmailField(label="郵箱",?widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"class":"form-control"})) def?reg(request):if?request.method=="POST":#form=UserForm({"user":"alex999","tel":'123',"email":"111","123":123})form=UserForm(request.POST)if?form.is_valid():print("====>",form.cleaned_data)????????#?校驗(yàn)成功的字段{"user":"alex999","tel":'123'}print("====>",form.errors)??????????????#?校驗(yàn)失敗的字段return?HttpResponse("添加成功")else:#?print("---->",?form.cleaned_data)??##?print("---->",?type(form.errors))??#?<class?'django.forms.utils.ErrorDict'>#?print("---->",?type(form.errors["user"]))??##?print("---->",?form.errors["user"][0])??#return?render(request,?'reg.html',{"form":form})form=UserForm()return?render(request,'reg.html',{"form":form})

reg.html文件內(nèi)容：

<!DOCTYPE?html> <html> <head><meta?charset="UTF-8"><meta?http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"?content="IE=edge"><meta?name="viewport"?content="width=device-width,?initial-scale=1"><title>Title</title><style>span{color:?red!important;}</style><link?rel="stylesheet"?href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css"?integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u"?crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> {#####################################方案一：#######################################} <div><div><div?class="col-md-6?col-md-offset-3"><form?action=""?method="post"?novalidate>{%?csrf_token?%}{%?for?filed?in?form?%}<div><label?for="">{{?filed.label?}}</label>{{?filed?}}</div>{%?endfor?%}<input?type="submit"></form></div></div> </div> {#####################################方案二：#######################################} <div><div><div?class="col-md-6?col-md-offset-3"><form?action=""?method="post"?novalidate>{%?csrf_token?%}<div>用戶(hù)名：{{?form.user?}}</div><div>郵箱：{{?form.email?}}</div><div>手機(jī)號(hào)：{{?form.tel?}}</div><input?type="submit"></form></div></div> </div> {#####################################方案三：#######################################} <div><div><div?class="col-md-6?col-md-offset-3"><form?action=""?method="post"?novalidate>{%?csrf_token?%}{{?form.as_p?}}<input?type="submit"></form></div></div> </div></body> </html>

三、示例

views.py文件內(nèi)容：

from?django.shortcuts?import?render,redirect from?app01?import?models from?django.forms?import?Form from?django.forms?import?fields from?django.forms?import?widgets class?TeacherForm(Form):??#必須繼承Formusername?=?fields.CharField(required=True,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????#必填字段error_messages={"required":"用戶(hù)名不能為空！！"},????????????????????????????#顯示中文錯(cuò)誤提示widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={"placeholder":"用戶(hù)名","class":"form-control"})??#自動(dòng)生成input框)password?=?fields.CharField(required=True,?error_messages={'required':?'密碼不能為空'},widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'placeholder':?'密碼',?'class':?'form-control'}))??#?不能為空email?=?fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={"required":"郵箱不能為空！！","invalid":"無(wú)效的郵箱"},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={"placeholder":?"郵箱",?"class":?"form-control"})??#?自動(dòng)生成input框)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????#不能為空且郵箱格式要一致 def?teacherindex(request):teacher_obj?=?models.UserInfo.objects.all()return?render(request,"teacherindex.html",{"teacher_obj":teacher_obj}) def?add(request):if?request.method=="GET":form?=?TeacherForm()??????????????????????????????????????????????????#只是讓顯示一個(gè)input框return?render(request,"add.html",{"form":form?})else:form?=?TeacherForm(data=request.POST)#?print(form)??#<QuerySet?[<UserInfo:?UserInfo?object>,?<UserInfo:?UserInfo?object>,?<UserInfo:?UserInfo?object>]>if?form.is_valid():????????????????????????????????????#?開(kāi)始驗(yàn)證#?print('執(zhí)行成功',form.cleaned_data)??????????????#?所有匹配成功，字典form.cleaned_data['ut_id']?=?1???????????????????#要分的清是班主任還是講師models.UserInfo.objects.all().create(**form.cleaned_data)return?redirect("/teacherindex/")else:#?print("=====?",form.errors,type(form.errors))#返回失敗的結(jié)果#?print(form.errors["username"][0])???#拿到返回失敗的結(jié)果，渲染到頁(yè)面return?render(request,"add.html",{"form":form})

前端html頁(yè)面：

{%?block?right?%}<h1>添加老師信息</h1><hr><form?method="post"?novalidate>{%?csrf_token?%}<p>姓名：{{?form.username?}}</p>{{?form.errors.username.0?}}<p>密碼：{{?form.password?}}</p>{{?form.errors.password.0?}}<p>郵箱：{{?form.email?}}</p>{{?form.errors.email.0?}}<p><input?type="submit"?value="提交"></p></form> {%?endblock?%}

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://blog.51cto.com/qidian510/2113301

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