編輯

簡介

Nginx ("engine x") 是一個輕量級，高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器，也是一個IMAP/POP3/SMTP服務器。Nginx是由Igor Sysoev為俄羅斯訪問量第二的Rambler.ru站點開發的，第一個公開版本0.1.0發布于2004年10月4日。其將源代碼以類BSD許可證的形式發布，因它的穩定性、豐富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系統資源的消耗而聞名，其特點是占有內存少，并發能力強。

一個nginx.conf例子

這是官網上的一個配置，參照該配置，可以初步一窺nginx設置

user www www; # 運行nginx的用戶及用戶組 worker_processes 2; #啟動的進程數 pid /var/run/nginx.pid; #pid文件位置# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ] error_log /var/log/nginx.error_log info; #日志存放及日志等級設置events {worker_connections 2000; #每個進程最大的連接數 默認1024# use [ kqueue | rtsig | epoll | /dev/poll | select | poll ] ;use kqueue; #使用的處理機制 epoll可以容納更多請求 }http {include conf/mime.types; # 加載mime default_type application/octet-stream; #默認文件類型log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ''"$request" $status $bytes_sent ''"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ''"$gzip_ratio"'; #設置日志格式log_format download '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] ''"$request" $status $bytes_sent ''"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" ''"$http_range" "$sent_http_content_range"';client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1100;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_types text/plain; #設置壓縮output_buffers 1 32k;postpone_output 1460;sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;tcp_nodelay on;send_lowat 12000;keepalive_timeout 75 20;# lingering_time 30;# lingering_timeout 10;# reset_timedout_connection on;server { #server段listen one.example.com;server_name one.example.com www.one.example.com;access_log /var/log/nginx.access_log main;location / { #location段proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1/; #設置代理proxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;# proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 128k;client_body_temp_path /var/nginx/client_body_temp;proxy_connect_timeout 90;proxy_send_timeout 90;proxy_read_timeout 90;proxy_send_lowat 12000;proxy_buffer_size 4k;proxy_buffers 4 32k;proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k;proxy_temp_path /var/nginx/proxy_temp;charset koi8-r;}error_page 404 /404.html; #定義404頁面location /404.html {root /spool/www;charset on;source_charset koi8-r;}location /old_stuff/ {rewrite ^/old_stuff/(.*)$ /new_stuff/$1 permanent; #rewrite重定向}location /download/ {valid_referers none blocked server_names *.example.com;if ($invalid_referer) { #if判斷條件#rewrite ^/ http://www.example.com/;return 403;}# rewrite_log on;# rewrite /download/*/mp3/*.any_ext to /download/*/mp3/*.mp3rewrite ^/(download/.*)/mp3/(.*)\..*$ /$1/mp3/$2.mp3 break;root /spool/www;# autoindex on;access_log /var/log/nginx-download.access_log download;}location ~* ^.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif)$ { #為靜態資源設置緩存root /spool/www;access_log off;expires 30d;}} }

負載均衡

http {upstream myproject {server 127.0.0.1:8000 weight=3;server 127.0.0.1:8001;server 127.0.0.1:8002;server 127.0.0.1:8003;}server {listen 80;server_name www.domain.com;location / {proxy_pass http://myproject;}} }

反向代理及緩存

http {proxy_cache_path /data/nginx/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=STATIC:10minactive=24h max_size=1g;server {location / {proxy_pass http://1.2.3.4;proxy_set_header Host $host;proxy_cache STATIC;proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;proxy_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updatinghttp_500 http_502 http_503 http_504;}} }

重定向

http {server {listen 80;server_name www.domain.com;return 301 https://www.domain.com$request_uri;} }

反向代理某G

server {listen 443 ssl http2;server_name google.domain.com;root /usr/share/nginx/html;index index.html index.htm;ssl on;ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.com/fullchain.pem;ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/domain.com/privkey.pem;ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;ssl_session_timeout 5m;ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;ssl_dhparam /etc/letsencrypt/dhparams.pem;location / {proxy_pass https://www.replace.com/;}}

http/2支持

http/2 至少需nginx 1.9版本以上， 編譯時openssl版本建議也使用比較高版本不低于 1.0.2

補充鏈接: https://www.zybuluo.com/phper/note/89391

將可能用到的第三方http請求進行反響代理

location ~ "^/proxy/(.*)$" {resolver 8.8.8.8;proxy_pass http://$1;proxy_redirect off;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr;expires 7d;}

add a fallback to my proxy in nginx

https://serverfault.com/questions/765483/how-to-add-a-fallback-to-my-proxy-in-nginx

server {listen 8080;server_name mydomain;access_log /log/path/logging.log;error_page 400 401 402 403 404 405 500 501 502 503 504 @error_page;location @error_page {root /var/www/html/;rewrite ^ https://domain.com/error/index.html;break;}location / {proxy_redirect off;proxy_pass_header Server;proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;proxy_set_header X-Scheme $scheme;proxy_set_header Host $http_host;proxy_set_header X-NginX-Proxy true;proxy_connect_timeout 5;proxy_read_timeout 240;proxy_intercept_errors on;proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:1337;} }

This will redirect all traffic from maindomain:8080 to https://domain.com/error/index.html if the service on http://127.0.0.1:1337 is unavailable(all errors).

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/mikeguan/p/6417098.html

總結

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