Linux環境中文件被刪除的恢復，通常有幾種情況，如果數據庫實例還未停止，那么恢復很easy，如果實例停掉，

那么可能需要借助相關的工具來進行恢復，這里我進行簡單的描述。

1.?使用工具進行恢復(ext3grep或者extundelete，e2fsprogs等工具)

我這里使用ext3grep來進行刪除文件的恢復，如下是一個例子。

1).?安裝rpm包

rpm?-ivh?ext3grep-0.10.2-1.el4.rf.i386.rpm

2).模擬數據文件被刪除的恢復

SQL>?!rm?-rf?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbf

SQL>?shutdown?abort;
ORACLE?instance?shut?down.
SQL>

3)?掃描文件inode并restore

?

1234	[root@killdb?~]#?ext3grep?/dev/sda3?--ls?--inode?2Running?ext3grep?version?0.10.2WARNING:?I?don't?know?what?EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR?is.WARNING:?EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER?is?set.?This?either?means?that?your?partition?is?still?mounted,

?

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and/orthe?file?system?is?in?an?unclean?state.Number?of?groups:?201Loading?group?metadata...?doneMinimum?/?maximum?journal?block:?1546?/?9748Loading?journal?descriptors...?sorting...?doneThe?oldest?inode?block?that?is?still?in?the?journal,?appears?to?be?from?121640448?=?Thu?Nov?8?13:00:48?1973Journal?transaction?1459878?wraps?around,?some?data?blocks?might?have?been?lost?of?this?transaction.Number?of?descriptors?in?journal:?6294;?min?/?max?sequence?numbers:?1458017?/?1460214Inode?is?AllocatedFinding?all?blocks?that?might?be?directories.D:?block?containing?directory?start,?d:?block?containing?more?directory?entries.Each?plus?represents?a?directory?start?that?references?the?same?inode?asa?directory?start?that?we?found?previously.Searching?group?0:?DDddddddddddddddddddddddddddddDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.......DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDddSearching?group?1:?ddDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.........DDddDDDDDDDDDDDddSearching?group?2:?DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDddddD.....DDDDDDSearching?group?3:Searching?group?4:?D。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。Adding?extended?directory?block(s)?fordirectory?"ora9/product/9.2/sysman/admin".Writing?analysis?so?far?to?'sda3.ext3grep.stage2'.?Deletethat?file?ifyou?want?to?dothis?stage?again.The?first?block?of?the?directory?is?1540.Inode?2?is?directory?"".Directory?block?1540:.--?File?type?in?dir_entry?(r=regular?file,?d=directory,?l=symlink)|?.--?D:?Deleted?;?R:?ReallocatedIndx?Next?|?Inode?|?Deletion?time?Mode?File?name==========+==========+----------------data-from-inode------+-----------+=========0?1?d?2?drwxr-xr-x?.1?2?d?2?drwxr-xr-x?..2?3?d?11?drwx------?lost+found3?4?d?65409?drwx------?roger4?5?d?866670?drwxr-xr-x?hadoop5?6?d?1438977?drwxrwxr-x?ora10g6?7?d?3172289?drwx------?ora97?8?d?1308161?drwxr-xr-x?hbase8?9?d?2534746?drwxr-xr-x?mongodb9?10?d?1733317?drwxrwxr-x?sybase10?11?d?3106916?drwxr-xr-x?puppet11?12?d?3155939?drwxrwxr-x?ggs12?endd?965021?drwxr-xr-x?bak[root@killdb?~]#[root@killdb?~]#?ext3grep?/dev/sda3?--ls?--inode?1438977Running?ext3grep?version?0.10.2WARNING:?I?don't?know?what?EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR?is.WARNING:?EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER?is?set.?This?either?means?that?your?partition?is?still?mounted,?and/orthe

?

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RNING:?EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER?is?set.?This?either?means?that?your?partition?is?still?mounted,?and/orthe?file?system?is?in?an?unclean?state.Number?of?groups:?201Minimum?/?maximum?journal?block:?1546?/?9748Loading?journal?descriptors...?sorting...?doneThe?oldest?inode?block?that?is?still?in?the?journal,?appears?to?be?from?1376231625?=?Sun?Aug?11?07:33:45?2013Journal?transaction?1459878?wraps?around,?some?data?blocks?might?have?been?lost?of?this?transaction.Number?of?descriptors?in?journal:?6901;?min?/?max?sequence?numbers:?1458725?/?1460308Inode?is?AllocatedLoading?sda3.ext3grep.stage2................................................................................................................?doneThe?first?block?of?the?directory?is?3598345.Inode?1783429?is?directory?"ora10g/oradata/roger".Directory?block?3598345:.--?File?type?in?dir_entry?(r=regular?file,?d=directory,?l=symlink)|?.--?D:?Deleted?;?R:?ReallocatedIndx?Next?|?Inode?|?Deletion?time?Mode?File?name==========+==========+----------------data-from-inode------+-----------+=========0?1?d?1783429?drwxrwxr-x?.1?2?d?1783428?drwxrwxr-x?..2?3?r?1783455?rrw-r-----?control01.ctl3?4?r?1783456?rrw-r-----?control02.ctl4?5?r?1783458?rrw-r-----?control03.ctl5?6?r?1783465?rrw-r-----?system01.dbf6?8?r?1783466?rrw-r-----?sysaux01.dbf7?8?r?1784045?D?1376286019?Sun?Aug?11?22:40:19?2013?rrw-r-----?roger01.dbf8?9?r?1783470?rrw-r-----?undotbs01.dbf9?10?r?1783500?rrw-r-----?users01.dbf10?11?r?1783898?rrw-r-----?redo01.log11?12?r?1783899?rrw-r-----?redo02.log12?13?r?1783900?rrw-r-----?redo03.log13?14?r?1783903?rrw-r-----?temp01.dbf14?endr?1783992?rrw-r-----?system02.dbf15?16?r?1785770?D?1374650901?Wed?Jul?24?00:28:21?2013?rrw-r-----?redo02.log16?endr?1079300?D?1374650901?Wed?Jul?24?00:28:21?2013?rrw-r-----?redo04.log17?endr?1079301?D?1374650901?Wed?Jul?24?00:28:21?2013?rrw-r--r--?dd.undo18?endr?1079233?D?1374650919?Wed?Jul?24?00:28:39?2013?rrw-r-----?temp02.dbf

開始恢復被刪掉的文件：
ext3grep?/dev/sda3?–restore-file?ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbf

注意這里的格式，后面的路徑不能加/home。跟前面的Inode?1783429?is?directory?“ora10g/oradata/roger”.?保持一致。

或者

ext3grep?/dev/sda3?–restore-inode?1784045

或者恢復整個目錄
ext3grep?/home/store/file?–restore-all

如下是我的操作過程：

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[root@killdb?/]#?ext3grep?/dev/sda3?--restore-file?ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbfRunning?ext3grep?version?0.10.2WARNING:?I?don't?know?what?EXT3_FEATURE_COMPAT_EXT_ATTR?is.WARNING:?EXT3_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_RECOVER?is?set.?This?either?means?that?your?partition?is?still?mounted,?and/orthe?file?system?is?in?an?unclean?state.Number?of?groups:?201Minimum?/?maximum?journal?block:?1546?/?9748Loading?journal?descriptors...?sorting...?doneThe?oldest?inode?block?that?is?still?in?the?journal,?appears?to?be?from?1376231625?=?Sun?Aug?11?07:33:45?2013Journal?transaction?1459878?wraps?around,?some?data?blocks?might?have?been?lost?of?this?transaction.Number?of?descriptors?in?journal:?6903;?min?/?max?sequence?numbers:?1458725?/?1460310Loading?sda3.ext3grep.stage2................................................................................................................?doneRestoring?ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbf[root@killdb?/]#

恢復出來的文件，會存放在如下地方：

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[root@killdb?roger]#?pwd/RESTORED_FILES/ora10g/oradata/roger[root@killdb?roger]#?ls?-ltrtotal?205016-rw-r-----?1?root?root?209723392?Aug?11?22:26?roger01.dbf[root@killdb?roger]#

4).?恢復完成之后并move，將文件屬主改掉，最后進行recover

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[root@killdb?roger]#?mv?roger01.dbf?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/[root@killdb?roger]#?cd?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger[root@killdb?roger]#?chownora10g:oinstall?roger01.dbf[root@killdb?roger]#?ls?-ltrtotal?1165464-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?20979712?Aug?11?05:45?temp01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?5251072?Aug?11?22:26?users01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?26222592?Aug?11?22:26?undotbs01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?5251072?Aug?11?22:26?system02.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?471867392?Aug?11?22:26?system01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?293609472?Aug?11?22:26?sysaux01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?209723392?Aug?11?22:26?roger01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?22:27?redo03.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?22:27?redo02.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?22:27?redo01.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?22:28?control03.ctl-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?22:28?control02.ctl-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?22:28?control01.ctl[root@killdb?roger]#開始進行recover：

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<pre?class="brush:sql">[root@killdb?roger]#?su?-?ora10g[ora10g@killdb?~]$?sqlplus?"/as?sysdba"SQL*Plus:?Release?10.2.0.5.0?-?Production?on?Sun?Aug?11?23:05:01?2013Copyright?(c)?1982,?2010,?Oracle.?All?Rights?Reserved.Connected?to?an?idle?instance.SQL>?startup?mountORACLE?instance?started.Total?System?Global?Area?167772160?bytesFixed?Size?1272600?bytesVariable?Size?75498728?bytesDatabase?Buffers?88080384?bytesRedo?Buffers?2920448?bytesDatabase?mounted.SQL>?recover?datafile?5;Media?recovery?complete.SQL>?alter?database?open;Database?altered.SQL></pre>

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12	2.?數據庫open的情況下，文件被刪除當數據庫未關閉時,數據文件被刪除恢復起來還是很容易的,不管是linux還是unix都非常簡單,如下是一個例子:

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123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121

SQL>?select?open_mode?from?v$database;OPEN_MODE----------READ?WRITESQL>?set?lines?200SQL>?col?name?fora65SQL>?select?file#,name?from?v$datafile;FILE#?NAME----------?-----------------------------------------------------------------1?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system01.dbf2?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/undotbs01.dbf3?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/sysaux01.dbf4?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbf5?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbf6?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system02.dbf6?rows?selected.SQL>?!rm?-rf?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbfSQL>SQL>?![ora10g@killdb?~]$?ls?-ltr?/home/ora10g/oradata/rogertotal?1165464-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?20979712?Aug?11?05:45?temp01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?5251072?Aug?11?23:06?system02.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?209723392?Aug?11?23:06?roger01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?23:06?redo03.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?23:06?redo02.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?293609472?Aug?11?23:11?sysaux01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?26222592?Aug?11?23:11?undotbs01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?471867392?Aug?11?23:11?system01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?52429312?Aug?11?23:11?redo01.log-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?5251072?Aug?11?23:11?users01.dbf-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?23:11?control03.ctl-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?23:11?control02.ctl-rw-r-----?1?ora10g?oinstall?7389184?Aug?11?23:11?control01.ctl[ora10g@killdb?~]$?exitexit+++copydatafile[ora10g@killdb?roger]$?ps?-ef|grep?dbwora10g?7193?1?0?23:05???00:00:00?ora_dbw0_rogerora10g?7367?5727?0?23:09?pts/3?00:00:00?grep?dbw[ora10g@killdb?roger]$?cd?/proc/7193[ora10g@killdb?7193]$?cd?fd[ora10g@killdb?fd]$?ls?-ltrtotal?26lr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?0?->?/dev/nulllrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?7?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/dbs/lkinstroger?(deleted)l-wx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?6?->?/home/ora10g/admin/roger/bdump/alert_roger.logl-wx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?5?->?/home/ora10g/admin/roger/udump/roger_ora_7172.trclr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?4?->?/dev/nulllr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?3?->?/dev/nulllr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?2?->?/dev/nulllr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?1?->?/dev/nulllrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?9?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/dbs/hc_roger.datl-wx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?8?->?/home/ora10g/admin/roger/bdump/alert_roger.loglr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?25?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msblrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?24?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/temp01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?23?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system02.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?22?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?21?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?20?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/sysaux01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?19?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/undotbs01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?18?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system01.dbflrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?17?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/control03.ctllrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?16?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/control02.ctllrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?15?->?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/control01.ctllrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?14?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/dbs/lkROGERlrwx------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?13?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/dbs/hc_roger.datlr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?12?->?/home/ora10g/product/10.2/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msblr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?11?->?/dev/zerolr-x------?1?ora10g?oinstall?64?Aug?11?23:10?10?->?/dev/zero[ora10g@killdb?fd]$?pwd/proc/7193/fd[ora10g@killdb?fd]$?cp?/proc/7193/fd/21?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbf[ora10g@killdb?fd]$+++++將datafile?copy之后,進行recoverSQL>?recover?datafile?4;ORA-00283:?recovery?session?canceled?due?to?errorsORA-01124:?cannot?recover?data?file?4?-?file?is?in?useorrecoveryORA-01110:?data?file?4:?'/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbf'SQL>?shutdown?immediateDatabase?closed.Database?dismounted.ORACLE?instance?shut?down.SQL>?startup?mountORACLE?instance?started.Total?System?Global?Area?167772160?bytesFixed?Size?1272600?bytesVariable?Size?75498728?bytesDatabase?Buffers?88080384?bytesRedo?Buffers?2920448?bytesDatabase?mounted.SQL>?recover?datafile?4;Media?recovery?complete.SQL>?alter?database?open;Database?altered.SQL>?select?file#,name,status?from?v$datafile;FILE#?NAME?STATUS----------?-----------------------------------------------------------------?-------1?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system01.dbf?SYSTEM2?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/undotbs01.dbf?ONLINE3?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/sysaux01.dbf?ONLINE4?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbf?ONLINE5?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbf?ONLINE6?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system02.dbf?SYSTEM6?rows?selected.SQL>

或者使用lsof命令進行查看，然后進行copy：

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[ora10g@killdb?fd]$?ps?-ef|grep?dbw|grep?-v?grepora10g?7491?1?0?23:12???00:00:00?ora_dbw0_roger[ora10g@killdb?fd]$?lsof?-a?-p?7491?|?egrep?"COMMAND|dbf"COMMAND?PID?USER?FD?TYPE?DEVICE?SIZE?NODE?NAMEoracle?7491?ora10g?18uW?REG?8,3?471867392?1783465?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system01.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?19uW?REG?8,3?26222592?1783470?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/undotbs01.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?20uW?REG?8,3?293609472?1783466?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/sysaux01.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?21uW?REG?8,3?5251072?1784064?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/users01.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?22uW?REG?8,3?209723392?1784045?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/roger01.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?23uW?REG?8,3?5251072?1783992?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/system02.dbforacle?7491?ora10g?24uW?REG?8,3?20979712?1783903?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/temp01.dbf[ora10g@killdb?fd]$

直接copy?相關文件即可，該操作更為簡單：

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1	copy/proc/7491/fd/21?/home/ora10g/oradata/roger/user01.dbf

總的來說，對于文件從操作系統級別刪掉的情況，如果inode在未被覆蓋之前，都是可以恢復，一旦覆蓋就難以恢復了，
所以我們建議，一旦有文件被刪掉，那么建議將該文件系統umount掉，以免信息被覆蓋。

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轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/ecloud/1393314

總結

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