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利用BIOS 中断INT 0x10显示字符和字符串
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注：以下程序系原創，使用AT&T格式匯編來調用BIOS 0x10中斷，如有錯誤，歡迎指正。表達能力較差，寫的不好，但若能幫助一二訪客，幸甚。
使用BIOS 顯示服務（Video Service）--INT 10H，下面主要探究字符顯示模式。
BIOS中斷在保護模式下是不能用的，故不能在Linux中測試，所以寫了個簡單的boot loader，并在虛擬機中運行程序。
1.以電傳的方式寫入字符串（AH=0x13）
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
------------------------------------------------------------------??????????????INT?0x10功能0x13??--------------------------------------------------------------??描述：??????以電傳打字機的方式顯示字符串??接受參數：??????AH??????????0x13??????AL??????????顯示模式??????BH??????????視頻頁??????BL??????????屬性值（如果AL=0x00或0x01）??????CX??????????字符串的長度??????DH,DL???????屏幕上顯示起始位置的行、列值??????ES:BP???????字符串的段:偏移地址??返回值：??????無??顯示模式（AL）：??????0x00:字符串只包含字符碼，顯示之后不更新光標位置，屬性值在BL中??????0x01:字符串只包含字符碼，顯示之后更新光標位置，屬性值在BL中??????0x02:字符串包含字符碼及屬性值，顯示之后不更新光標位置??????0x03:字符串包含字符碼及屬性值，顯示之后更新光標位置??-------------------------------------------------------------------??
示例：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#?A?bootsect,?which?print?a?string?by?BIOS?interrupt?video?services(int?0x10)????.section?.text??.global?_start??.code16????_start:??????movw????%cx,????%ax??????movw????%ax,????%ds??????movw????%ax,????%es????????movw????$msgstr,%bp??????movw????len,????%cx??????movb????$0x05,??%dh??????movb????$0x08,??%dl??????movb????$0x01,??%al??????movb????$0x13,??%ah??????movb????$0x01,??%bl??????movb????$0x00,??%bh????????int?????$0x10??1:??????jmp?????1b????msgstr:??????.asciz??"Hello?babyos(print?by?BIOS?int?0x10:0x13,?mode?0x01)!"??len:??????.int????.?-?msgstr????????.org????0x1fe,??0x90??????.word???0xaa55????makefile:??all:?boot.img????boot.o:?boot.s??????as?-o?$@?$<????boot:?boot.o??????ld?--oformat?binary?-N?-Ttext?0x7c00?-o?$@?$<????boot.img:?boot??????dd?if=boot?of=boot.img?bs=512?count=1????clean:??????rm?./boot?./boot.img?./boot.o??
運行：
2.通過功能號0x09探究色彩控制
上面的顯示為什么是紅色呢？我們可以通過實驗來看一下顏色控制。
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
------------------------------------------------------------------------??????????????INT?0x10功能0x09??-------------------------------------------------------------------??描述：??????顯示字符并設置其屬性??接受參數：??????AH??????????0x09??????AL??????????字符的ASCII碼??????BH??????????視頻頁??????BL??????????屬性值??????CX??????????重復次數??返回值：??????無??注意：??????在顯示字符之后并不前進光標。在文本和圖形模式下均可調用該功能??????顯示完字符后，如果還要繼續顯示字符，必須調用INT?0x10功能0x02前進光標??-------------------------------------------------------------------------????------------------------------------------------------------------------??????????????INT?0x10功能0x02??-------------------------------------------------------------------??描述：??????把光標定位在選定視頻頁的特定行列位置??接受參數：??????AH??????????0x02??????DH，DL???????行、列值??????BH??????????視頻頁??返回值：??????無??注意：??????在80x25模式下，DH范圍0～24，DL范圍0～79??-------------------------------------------------------------------------??
示例：
實現一個從第4行～7行，第8列～71列，顯示‘A’～‘Z’的程序，共顯示256個字符，使用BL（0～255）
C 偽代碼：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
cx?=?0x04;??bh?=?0x00;????dh?=?0x04;??dl?=?0x08;??al?=?'A';????for?(bl?=?0;?bl?<?256;?bl++)??{??????print_char();????????????al++;??????if?(al?==?'Z')??????????al?=?'A';????????????dl++;??????if?(dl?==?72)??????{??????????dh++;??????????dl?=?4;??????}????????????set_cursor();??}??
匯編代碼：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#?A?bootsect,?which?print?a?colorful?chars?by?BIOS?INT?0x10,?0x09????.section?.text??.global?_start??.code16????_start:??????movw????%cx,????%ax??????movw????%ax,????%ds??????movw????%ax,????%es????????movw????$0x01,??%cx?????#?字符顯示重復次數??????movb????$0x00,??%bh?????#?視頻頁????????????movb????$0x04,??%dh?????#?顯示起始行??????movb????$0x08,??%dl?????#?顯示起始列????????????movb????$'A',???%al?????#?顯示字符??????movb????$0x00,??%bl?????#?屬性值????1:??????call????print_char??????incb????%al??????cmpb????$'Z',???%al??????jne?????2f??????movb????$'A',???%al??2:????????incb????%dl??????cmpb????$72,????%dl??????jne?????3f??????movb????$8,?????%dl??????incb????%dh??3:??????call????set_cursor??????incb????%bl??????cmp?????$256,???%bl??????jne?????1b??????jmp?????1f????print_char:??????movb????$0x09,??%ah??????int?????$0x10??????ret????set_cursor:??????movb????$0x02,??%ah??????int?????$0x10??????ret????1:??????jmp?????1b????????.org????0x1fe,??0x90??????.word???0xaa55??
結果：
可以顯式地驗證色彩控制BL：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
7???????6???????5???????4???????3???????2???????1???????0??I???????R???????G???????B???????I???????R???????G???????B??閃爍????R?????G???????B???????I???????R???????G???????B??
如上圖所示，7～4位為背景色，I表示高亮，RGB表示紅綠藍，若顯卡支持閃爍，則位7表示是否閃爍。
色彩混合：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
-----------------------------------------------------------??混合的三種基色?????不開啟亮度位??????開啟亮度位??-------------------------------------------------------??紅+綠+藍???????????淺灰??????????????白色??綠+藍?????????????青色??????????????淺青??紅+藍?????????????洋紅??????????????淺洋紅??紅+綠?????????????棕色??????????????黃色??無色彩?????????????黑色??????????????暗灰??-----------------------------------------------------------??
3.清屏
可以發現屏幕上有許多Bochs的打印信息，看著不爽，想辦法去掉它們。
利用0x06號功能，上卷全部行，則可清屏。
-----------------------------------------------------------
INT 0x10 功能0x06
------------------------------------------------------
描述：
上卷窗口
參數：
AH 6
AL 上卷的行數（0表示全部）
BH 空白區域的視頻屬性
CH，CL 窗口左上角的行列位置
DH，DL 窗口右下角的行列位置
返回值：
無
------------------------------------------------------------
示例：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#?A?bootsect,?which?print?a?colorful?chars?by?BIOS?INT?0x10,?0x09????.section?.text??.global?_start??.code16????_start:??????movw????%cx,????%ax??????movw????%ax,????%ds??????movw????%ax,????%es????????call????clear_screen????#?清屏????????movw????$0x01,??%cx?????#?字符顯示重復次數??????movb????$0x00,??%bh?????#?視頻頁????????????movb????$0x04,??%dh?????#?顯示起始行??????movb????$0x08,??%dl?????#?顯示起始列????????????movb????$'A',???%al?????#?顯示字符??????movb????$0x00,??%bl?????#?屬性值????1:??????call????print_char??????#?打印字符??????incb????%al?????????????#?下一個字符??????cmpb????$'Z',???%al?????#?是否該重新從‘A’開始??????jne?????2f??????movb????$'A',???%al??2:????????incb????%dl?????????????#?下一個位置??????cmpb????$72,????%dl?????#?是否到下一行??????jne?????3f??????movb????$8,?????%dl??????incb????%dh??3:??????call????set_cursor??????#?設置光標位置??????incb????%bl?????????????#?下一種屬性??????cmp?????$0,?????%bl?????#?是否256種屬性用完??????jne?????1b??????jmp?????1f??????????????#?結束????clear_screen:???????????????#?清屏函數??????movb????$0x06,??%ah?????#?功能號0x06??????movb????$0,?????%al?????#?上卷全部行，即清屏??????movb????$0,?????%ch?????#?左上角行??????movb????$0,?????%ch?????#?左上角列????????movb????$24,????%dh?????#?右下角行??????movb????$79,????%dl?????#?右下角列??????movb????$0x07,??%bh?????#?空白區域屬性??????int?????$0x10??????ret????print_char:??????movb????$0x09,??%ah?????#?功能號0x09??????int?????$0x10??????ret????set_cursor:??????movb????$0x02,??%ah?????#?功能號0x02??????int?????$0x10??????ret????1:??????jmp?????1b????????.org????0x1fe,??0x90??????.word???0xaa55??
結果：
4.直接寫顯存繪制字符串：
示例：
[cpp] view plaincopyprint?
#---------------------------------------------------------------??#?直接寫顯存顯示一些文字函數：??#???顯示計算機當前工作的顯示模式????draw_some_text:??????#?設置ES，DS的值??????movw????$VIDEO_SEG_TEXT,%ax??????movw????%ax,????????????%es??????xorw????%ax,????????????%ax??????movw????%ax,????????????%ds??????????#?計算字符顯示位置的顯存地址(目標地址)??????movw????$((80*TEXT_ROW+TEXT_COL)?*?2),??%di????????????#?源字符串地址??????leaw????msgstr,?????????%si????????????movb????$TEXT_COLOR,????%al?????#?屬性值（顏色）??????movw????len,????????????%cx?????#?顯示的字符個數??????draw_a_char:??????????????????movsb??????stosb??????loop????draw_a_char??????????ret?
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