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史上最全最强SpringMVC详细示例实战教程

發布時間：2025/6/15 javascript 39 豆豆

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一、SpringMVC基礎入門，創建一個HelloWorld程序

　　1.首先，導入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

　　2.添加Web.xml配置文件中關于SpringMVC的配置

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<servlet> ????<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> ????<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> ????<init-param> ??????????<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> ??????????<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value> ??????</init-param> ?????? </servlet> <servlet-mapping> ????<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name> ????<url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>

　　3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" ????xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" ????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd">??????????????????? ???? ????<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC"/> ???? ????<mvc:default-servlet-handler /> ???? ????<mvc:annotation-driven /> ????? ???? ????<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver" ????????????id="internalResourceViewResolver"> ???????? ????????<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" /> ???????? ????????<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" /> ????</bean> </beans>

　　4.在WEB-INF文件夾下創建名為jsp的文件夾，用來存放jsp視圖。創建一個hello.jsp，在body中添加“Hello World”。

　　5.建立包及Controller，如下所示

　　6.編寫Controller代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/mvc") public class mvcController { ????@RequestMapping("/hello") ????public String hello(){??????? ????????return "hello"; ????} }

　　7.啟動服務器，鍵入?http://localhost:8080/項目名/mvc/hello

　二、配置解析

　　1.Dispatcherservlet

　　DispatcherServlet是前置控制器，配置在web.xml文件中的。攔截匹配的請求，Servlet攔截匹配規則要自已定義，把攔截下來的請求，依據相應的規則分發到目標Controller來處理，是配置spring MVC的第一步。

　　2.InternalResourceViewResolver

　　視圖名稱解析器

　　3.以上出現的注解

　　@Controller?負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping 注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　三、SpringMVC常用注解

　　@Controller

　　負責注冊一個bean 到spring 上下文中

　　@RequestMapping

　　注解為控制器指定可以處理哪些 URL 請求

　　@RequestBody

　　該注解用于讀取Request請求的body部分數據，使用系統默認配置的HttpMessageConverter進行解析，然后把相應的數據綁定到要返回的對象上?,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的對象數據綁定到 controller中方法的參數上

　　@ResponseBody

　　該注解用于將Controller的方法返回的對象，通過適當的HttpMessageConverter轉換為指定格式后，寫入到Response對象的body數據區

　　@ModelAttribute?　　　

　　在方法定義上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：Spring MVC 在調用目標處理方法前，會先逐個調用在方法級上標注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

　　在方法的入參前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解：可以從隱含對象中獲取隱含的模型數據中獲取對象，再將請求參數 –綁定到對象中，再傳入入參將方法入參對象添加到模型中?

　　@RequestParam　

　　在處理方法入參處使用 @RequestParam 可以把請求參數傳遞給請求方法

　　@PathVariable

　　綁定 URL 占位符到入參

　　@ExceptionHandler

　　注解到方法上，出現異常時會執行該方法

　　@ControllerAdvice

　　使一個Contoller成為全局的異常處理類，類中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以處理所有Controller發生的異常

　四、自動匹配參數

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//match automatically @RequestMapping("/person") public String toPerson(String name,double age){ ????System.out.println(name+" "+age); ????return "hello"; }

　五、自動裝箱

　　1.編寫一個Person實體類

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package test.SpringMVC.model; public class Person { ????public String getName() { ????????return name; ????} ????public void setName(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public int getAge() { ????????return age; ????} ????public void setAge(int age) { ????????this.age = age; ????} ????private String name; ????private int age; ????? }

　　2.在Controller里編寫方法

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//boxing automatically @RequestMapping("/person1") public String toPerson(Person p){ ????System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge()); ????return "hello"; }

　六、使用InitBinder來處理Date類型的參數

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//the parameter was converted in initBinder @RequestMapping("/date") public String date(Date date){ ????System.out.println(date); ????return "hello"; } ???? //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date" @InitBinder public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){ ????binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"), ????????????true)); }

　七、向前臺傳遞參數

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//pass the parameters to front-end @RequestMapping("/show") public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){ ????Person p =new Person(); ????map.put("p", p); ????p.setAge(20); ????p.setName("jayjay"); ????return "show"; }

　　前臺可在Request域中取到"p"

　八、使用Ajax調用

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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax @RequestMapping("/getPerson") public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){ ????pw.write("hello,"+name);??????? } @RequestMapping("/name") public String sayHello(){ ????return "name"; }

　　前臺用下面的Jquery代碼調用

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$(function(){ ????$("#btn").click(function(){ ???????$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){ ????????????alert(data); ????????}); ????}); });

　九、在Controller中使用redirect方式處理請求

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//redirect @RequestMapping("/redirect") public String redirect(){ ????return "redirect:hello"; }

　十、文件上傳

　　1.需要導入兩個jar包

　　2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

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<bean id="multipartResolver"? class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> ????<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property> </bean>

　　3.方法代碼

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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST) public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{ ????MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req; ????MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file"); ????String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); ????SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");??????? ????FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+ ????????????"upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.'))); ????fos.write(file.getBytes()); ????fos.flush(); ????fos.close(); ????? ????return "hello"; }

　　4.前臺form表單

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　十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定參數的name

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/test") public class mvcController1 { ????@RequestMapping(value="/param") ????public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id, ????????????@RequestParam(value="name")String name){ ????????System.out.println(id+" "+name); ????????return "/hello"; ????}??? }

　十二、RESTFul風格的SringMVC

　　1.RestController

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/rest") public class RestController { ????@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET) ????public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ ????????System.out.println("get"+id); ????????return "/hello"; ????} ????? ????@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST) ????public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ ????????System.out.println("post"+id); ????????return "/hello"; ????} ????? ????@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT) ????public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ ????????System.out.println("put"+id); ????????return "/hello"; ????} ????? ????@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE) ????public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){ ????????System.out.println("delete"+id); ????????return "/hello"; ????} ????? }

　　2.form表單發送put和delete請求

　　在web.xml中配置

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<filter> ????<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> ????<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> ????<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name> ????<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>

　　在前臺可以用以下代碼產生請求

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　十三、返回json格式的字符串

　　1.導入以下jar包

　　2.方法代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/json") public class jsonController { ????? ????@ResponseBody ????@RequestMapping("/user") ????public? User get(){ ????????User u = new User(); ????????u.setId(1); ????????u.setName("jayjay"); ????????u.setBirth(new Date()); ????????return u; ????} }

　十四、異常的處理

　　1.處理局部異常（Controller內）

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@ExceptionHandler public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ????ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); ????mv.addObject("exception", ex); ????System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler"); ????return mv; } ???? @RequestMapping("/error") public String error(){ ????int i = 5/0; ????return "hello"; }

　　2.處理全局異常（所有Controller）

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@ControllerAdvice public class testControllerAdvice { ????@ExceptionHandler ????public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){ ????????ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error"); ????????mv.addObject("exception", ex); ????????System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice"); ????????return mv; ????} }

　　3.另一種處理全局異常的方法

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver"> ????<property name="exceptionMappings"> ????????<props> ????????????<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop> ????????</props> ????</property> </bean>

　　error是出錯頁面

　十五、設置一個自定義攔截器

　　1.創建一個MyInterceptor類，并實現HandlerInterceptor接口

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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { ????@Override ????public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0, ????????????HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3) ????????????throws Exception { ????????System.out.println("afterCompletion"); ????} ????@Override ????public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, ????????????Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception { ????????System.out.println("postHandle"); ????} ????@Override ????public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1, ????????????Object arg2) throws Exception { ????????System.out.println("preHandle"); ????????return true; ????} }

　　2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

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<mvc:interceptors> ????<mvc:interceptor> ????????<mvc:mapping path="/mvc/**"/> ????????<bean class="test.SpringMVC.Interceptor.MyInterceptor"></bean> ????</mvc:interceptor>??????? </mvc:interceptors>

　　3.攔截器執行順序

　十六、表單的驗證（使用Hibernate-validate）及國際化

　　1.導入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未選中不用導入)

　　2.編寫實體類User并加上驗證注解

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public class User { ????public int getId() { ????????return id; ????} ????public void setId(int id) { ????????this.id = id; ????} ????public String getName() { ????????return name; ????} ????public void setName(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public Date getBirth() { ????????return birth; ????} ????public void setBirth(Date birth) { ????????this.birth = birth; ????} ????@Override ????public String toString() { ????????return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]"; ????}??? ????private int id; ????@NotEmpty ????private String name; ????@Past ????@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd") ????private Date birth; }

　　ps:@Past表示時間必須是一個過去值

　　3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表單

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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user"> ????id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br> ????name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br> ????birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/> ????<input type="submit" value="submit"> </form:form>

　　ps:path對應name

　　4.Controller中代碼

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/form") public class formController { ????@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)??? ????public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){ ????????if(br.getErrorCount()>0){??????????? ????????????return "addUser"; ????????} ????????return "showUser"; ????} ????? ????@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET) ????public String add(Map<String,Object> map){ ????????map.put("user",new User()); ????????return "addUser"; ????} }

　　ps:

　　1.因為jsp中使用了modelAttribute屬性，所以必須在request域中有一個"user".

　　2.@Valid 表示按照在實體上標記的注解驗證參數

　　3.返回到原頁面錯誤信息回回顯，表單也會回顯

　　5.錯誤信息自定義

　　在src目錄下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

　　在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

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<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource"> ????<property name="basename" value="locale"></property> </bean>

　　6.國際化顯示

　　在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=賬號 password=密碼

　　locale.properties中添加

username=user name password=password

　　創建一個locale.jsp

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　　在SpringMVC中配置

1 2	<!-- make the jsp page can be visited --> <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

　　讓locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接訪問

　　最后，訪問locale.jsp，切換瀏覽器語言，能看到賬號和密碼的語言也切換了

　十七、壓軸大戲--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

　　1.創建一個test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用來演示整合，并創建各類

　　2.User實體類

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　　3.UserService類

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@Component public class UserService { ????public UserService(){ ????????System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n"); ????} ????? ????public void save(){ ????????System.out.println("save"); ????} }

　　4.UserController

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@Controller @RequestMapping("/integrate") public class UserController { ????@Autowired ????private UserService userService; ????? ????@RequestMapping("/user") ????public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){ ????????System.out.println(u); ????????userService.save(); ????????return "hello"; ????} }

　　5.Spring配置文件

　　在src目錄下創建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" ????xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ????xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans? ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/util ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.0.xsd ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context ????????http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ????????" ????????xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" ????????xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" ????????xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"??? ????????> ????<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> ????????<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" ????????????expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> ????????<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" ????????????expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>??????? ????</context:component-scan> ????? </beans>

　　在Web.xml中添加配置

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<listener> ????<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <context-param>? ??<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>? ??<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param>

　　6.在SpringMVC中進行一些配置，防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC對同一個對象的管理重合

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????<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate"> ????????<context:include-filter type="annotation" ????????????expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/> ????????<context:include-filter type="annotation" ????????????expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/> ????</context:component-scan>

　十八、SpringMVC詳細運行流程圖

　十九、SpringMVC與struts2的區別

　　1、springmvc基于方法開發的，struts2基于類開發的。springmvc將url和controller里的方法映射。映射成功后springmvc生成一個Handler對象，對象中只包括了一個method。方法執行結束，形參數據銷毀。springmvc的controller開發類似web service開發。

　　2、springmvc可以進行單例開發，并且建議使用單例開發，struts2通過類的成員變量接收參數，無法使用單例，只能使用多例。

　　3、經過實際測試，struts2速度慢，在于使用struts標簽，如果使用struts建議使用jstl。

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