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linux(Ubuntu22.04)二进制安装mysql及redis

發布時間：2025/6/17 数据库 19 如意码农

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安裝MySQL

1.下載mysql安裝包

https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

解壓壓縮包 tar xf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar

再次解壓需要的壓縮包tar xf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.17-x86_64-minimal.tar.xz

將解壓的壓縮包移動到/usr/local目錄下

2.創建數據存放目錄

cd /usr/local/mysql

mkdir -p date

3.創建用戶組和用戶

groupadd mysql

useradd g mysql mysql

4.修改目錄權限

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql

5.初始化mysql

cd /usr/local/mysql

./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

命令執行后會輸出密碼。將密碼復制下后

6.修改配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

character-set-client-handshake = FALSE

character-set-server = utf8mb4

collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci

init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'

max_connections = 300

port = 3306

socket = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16M

max_allowed_packet = 1000M

table_open_cache = 64

sort_buffer_size = 512K

net_buffer_length = 8K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K

myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M

datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

#lower_case_table_names=1

#如果要設置lower_case_table_names可以在初始化里面設置 ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]

quick

max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]

no-auto-rehash

[myisamchk]

key_buffer_size = 20M

sort_buffer_size = 20M

read_buffer = 2M

write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]

interactive-timeout

7.設置mysql開機自啟動

vim /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Server

After=network.target

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

LimitNOFILE=5000

Restart=always

PIDFile=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysqld.pid

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable --now mysql

8.創建軟連接用于連接數據庫

ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql

在ubuntu中登錄數據庫是為報錯libncurses.so.5確實需要安裝

apt install -y libncurses.so5

9.修改mysql登錄密碼

mysql -u root -p

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '自己的密碼';

10 設置mysql遠程登錄

use mysql;

update user set host='%' where user='root' limit 1;

flush privileges;

安裝redis

1.下載安裝包

https://download.redis.io/releases/

2.解壓壓縮包

3.移動至/usr/local/redis

4.編譯安裝

make && make install

5.redis 啟動

切換至redis根目錄，創建bin和etc文件，將redis.conf文件移動到/usr/local/redis/etc/目錄，將mkreleasehdr.sh redis-benchmark redis-check-aof redis-check-rdb redis-cli redis-server 文件移動到/usr/local/redis/bin/目錄。

6.設置redis后臺啟動

vim redis.conf

將daemonize no 改為yes

7.允許遠程訪問

找到bind 127.0.0.1 注釋掉

8.啟動redis

./redis-server

9.設置開機自啟動

cat /etc/systemd/system/redis.service

[Unit]

Description=redis-server

After=network.target

[Service]

Type=forking

# 這行配置內容要根據redis的安裝目錄自定義路徑

ExecStart=/usr/local/redis-6.0.5/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis-6.0.5/redis.conf

PrivateTmp=true

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl daemon-reload

systemctl enable --now redis

附帶自動化安裝redis腳本

#!/bin/bash

#author: Turbo

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

# Script Name: download_redis.sh

# Description: A script to install and uninstall Redis.

# Author: Turbo

# Version: 1.0

# Created: 2024-12-21

# Last Updated: 2025-02-17

# License: MIT License

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

# Copyright (c) 2023 Turbo

# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy

# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights

# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell

# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is

# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

#

# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all

# copies or substantial portions of the Software.

#

# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE

# SOFTWARE.

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

# Contact:

# - GitHub: https://gitee.com/lian-haoxiong/

# -------------------------------------------------------------------

# 定義顏色常量

GREEN='\033[0;32m'

YELLOW='\033[1;33m'

RED='\033[0;31m'

NC='\033[0m' # No Color

# 添加帶日志信息的分割線函數

print_log_separator() {

  local message="$1"

  local level="$2"

  local color="$NC"

  local line_length=60

  local message_length=${#message}

  local padding_length=$(( (line_length - message_length - 4) / 2 ))

  local padding=$(printf '%*s' "$padding_length" | tr ' ' '=')

  case "$level" in

    info)

      color="$GREEN"

      ;;

    warning)

      color="$YELLOW"

      ;;

    error)

      color="$RED"

      ;;

    *)

      color="$YELLOW"

      ;;

  esac

  echo -e "${color}${padding} ${message} ${padding}${NC}"

}

show_help() {

  print_log_separator "顯示幫助信息" "info"

  echo -e "${GREEN}使用方法: $0 [版本號] [安裝目錄]${NC}"

  echo -e "${GREEN}示例: $0 6.2.11 /opt${NC}"

  echo -e "${GREEN}如果不提供版本號，默認安裝 Redis 6.0.5${NC}"

  echo -e "${GREEN}如果不提供安裝目錄，默認安裝在 /usr/local/${NC}"

  echo -e "${GREEN}卸載 Redis: $0 --uninstall [安裝目錄]${NC}"

  exit 0

}

uninstall_redis() {

  read -p "請輸入安裝目錄 (默認 /usr/local/): " INSTALL_DIR

  if [ -z "$INSTALL_DIR" ]; then

    INSTALL_DIR="/usr/local/"

  fi

  REDIS_DIR="$INSTALL_DIR/redis-*"

  # 卸載 Redis

  print_log_separator "卸載現有的 Redis 安裝..." "warning"

  sudo systemctl stop redis

  sudo systemctl disable redis

  sudo rm -f /etc/systemd/system/redis.service

  sudo systemctl daemon-reload

  sudo userdel -r redis

  sudo rm -rf $REDIS_DIR

  sudo rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/src/redis-*

  sudo rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/redis-*.tar.gz

  echo -e "${GREEN}Redis 卸載完成！${NC}"

  exit 0

}

check_existing_redis() {

  if systemctl is-active --quiet redis; then

    print_log_separator "檢測到已安裝 Redis" "warning"

    echo -e "${YELLOW}檢測到已安裝 Redis。${NC}"

    read -p "是否要卸載現有的 Redis 安裝? (y/n): " UNINSTALL

    if [ "$UNINSTALL" == "y" ]; then

      uninstall_redis

    else

      read -p "是否要修改 Redis 的端口? (y/n): " CHANGE_PORT

      if [ "$CHANGE_PORT" == "y" ]; then

        read -p "請輸入新的 Redis 端口 (默認 6379): " NEW_PORT

        if [ -z "$NEW_PORT" ]; then

          NEW_PORT="6379"

        fi

      fi

    fi

  fi

}

get_redis_versions() {

  print_log_separator "正在獲取 Redis 官方版本列表..." "info"

  VERSIONS_URL="https://download.redis.io/releases/"

  VERSIONS_PAGE=$(curl -s $VERSIONS_URL)

  # 解析版本列表

  IFS=$'\n' read -rd '' -a versions <<< "$(echo "$VERSIONS_PAGE" | grep -oP 'redis-\K[\d]+\.[\d]+\.[\d]+' | sort -rV)"

  echo "${versions[@]}"

}

select_redis_version() {

  local versions=("$@")

  print_log_separator "展示 Redis 版本列表" "info"

  echo "請選擇要安裝的 Redis 版本:"

  for i in "${!versions[@]}"; do

    echo "[$i] ${versions[$i]}"

  done

  # 用戶選擇版本

  read -p "請輸入編號 (默認 6.0.5): " choice

  # 檢查用戶輸入是否合法

  if [[ "$choice" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] && [ "$choice" -lt "${#versions[@]}" ]; then

    REDIS_VERSION=${versions[$choice]}

  else

    echo "無效的選擇或未輸入選擇，使用默認版本 6.0.5"

    REDIS_VERSION="6.0.5"

  fi

}

install_dependencies() {

  print_log_separator "更新軟件包并安裝必要的依賴..." "info"

  if [[ "$OS" == "ubuntu" || "$OS" == "debian" ]]; then

    sudo apt-get update

    sudo apt-get install -y build-essential tcl wget curl

  elif [[ "$OS" == "centos" || "$OS" == "rhel" ]]; then

    sudo yum install -y gcc make tcl wget curl

  else

    echo -e "${RED}不支持的操作系統: $OS${NC}"

    exit 1

  fi

}

download_and_extract_redis() {

  print_log_separator "下載 Redis $REDIS_VERSION..." "info"

  wget "$DOWNLOAD_URL"

  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then

    echo -e "${RED}下載失敗，請檢查 Redis 版本號。${NC}"

    exit 1

  fi

  # 解壓

  print_log_separator "解壓 Redis..." "info"

  sudo tar xf "redis-$REDIS_VERSION.tar.gz"

}

compile_redis() {

  print_log_separator "編譯 Redis..." "info"

  cd "redis-$REDIS_VERSION"

  sudo make

  sudo make install

}

configure_redis() {

  print_log_separator "配置 Redis..." "info"

  sudo sed -i 's/protected-mode yes/protected-mode no/' "$REDIS_DIR/redis.conf"

  sudo sed -i 's/bind 127.0.0.1/#bind 127.0.0.1/' "$REDIS_DIR/redis.conf"

  # 修改端口

  if [ -n "$NEW_PORT" ]; then

    print_log_separator "修改 Redis 端口為 $NEW_PORT..." "info"

    sudo sed -i "s/^port 6379/port $NEW_PORT/" "$REDIS_DIR/redis.conf"

  fi

}

create_redis_user_and_dirs() {

  print_log_separator "創建 Redis 用戶和數據目錄..." "info"

  sudo useradd redis

}

create_redis_service() {

  print_log_separator "創建 Redis Systemd 服務..." "info"

  sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/redis.service > /dev/null <<EOF

[Unit]

Description=Redis In-Memory Data Store

After=network.target

[Service]

User=redis

Group=redis

ExecStart=$REDIS_DIR/src/redis-server $REDIS_DIR/redis.conf

ExecStop=$REDIS_DIR/src/redis-cli shutdown

Restart=always

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

}

start_and_enable_redis() {

  print_log_separator "啟動并啟用 Redis 服務..." "info"

  sudo systemctl daemon-reload

  sudo systemctl start redis

  sudo systemctl enable redis

}

download_and_install_redis() {

  print_log_separator "開始腳本執行" "info"

  # 檢查是否需要幫助信息

  if [ "$1" == "--help" ]; then

    show_help

  fi

  # 檢查是否需要卸載 Redis

  if [ "$1" == "--uninstall" ]; then

    uninstall_redis

  fi

  # 檢查是否已安裝 Redis

  check_existing_redis

  # 獲取 Redis 版本列表

  versions=($(get_redis_versions))

  # 用戶選擇版本

  select_redis_version "${versions[@]}"

  # 用戶輸入安裝目錄

  read -p "請輸入安裝目錄 (默認 /usr/local/): " INSTALL_DIR

  if [ -z "$INSTALL_DIR" ]; then

    INSTALL_DIR="/usr/local/"

  fi

  REDIS_DIR="$INSTALL_DIR/redis-$REDIS_VERSION"

  DOWNLOAD_URL="http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-$REDIS_VERSION.tar.gz"

  SOURCE_DIR="$INSTALL_DIR/src"

  # 判斷系統類型

  if [ -f /etc/os-release ]; then

    . /etc/os-release

    OS=$ID

  else

    echo "無法識別操作系統類型，請手動安裝所需依賴。"

    exit 1

  fi

  # 安裝必要的依賴

  install_dependencies

  # 創建源代碼目錄

  sudo mkdir -p "$INSTALL_DIR"

  cd "$INSTALL_DIR"

  # 下載并解壓 Redis

  download_and_extract_redis

  # 編譯 Redis

  compile_redis

  # 配置 Redis

  configure_redis

  # 創建 Redis 用戶和數據目錄

  create_redis_user_and_dirs

  # 創建 Systemd 服務

  create_redis_service

  # 啟動并啟用 Redis 服務

  start_and_enable_redis

  print_log_separator "安裝完成" "info"

  echo -e "${GREEN}Redis $REDIS_VERSION 安裝完成并啟動成功！${NC}"

}

# 調用函數

download_and_install_redis "$@"

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