創建應用

1 創建project

Django-admin startproject mysite

自動創建目錄結構:

mysite/ ???#項目容器

????Manage.py ???#命令行工具

????mysite/ ??#項目文件

????????__init__.py ??#定義包的空文件

????????Settings.py ??#配置文件

????????Urls.py ?#路由文件

????????Wsgi.py #提供底層網絡通信

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2 啟動服務器

Python manage.py runserver

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查看運行

http://127.0.0.1:8000/

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3 創建應用程序

Python manage.py polls

4 編寫視圖

from django.test import TestCase
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your tests here.
def index(request):
return HttpResponse('Hello,word!You are at the polls index')

新建urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views

urlpatterns = [
????url(r'^$',views.index,name='index')
]

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修改mysite/urls.py,添加如下內容:

from django.conf.urls import include

urlpatterns?= [

url(r'^polls/',include('polls.urls')),

]

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啟動服務器

Python manage.py runserver

通過瀏覽器查看

http://127.0.0.1:8000/polls/

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5 數據庫安裝

本示例使用的是mysql數據庫.也可以使用其他,對應的配置如下:

Sqlite ’django.db.backends.sqlite3’

Postgresql ’django.db.backends.postgresql’,

Mysql ’django.db.backends.mysql’

Oracle ’django.db.backends.oracle’，

,修改mysite/setting.py,

DATABASES?= {
'default': {
#sqlite
???????# 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
???????# 'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),

????????#mysql
'ENGINE':'django.db.backends.mysql',#引擎
'NAME':'jkx',#數據庫名
'USER':'root',#用戶名
'PASSWORD':'yue4512138',#密碼
'HOST':'127.0.0.1',#數據庫服務器ip
'PORT':'3306',#端口號
}
}

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6 創建model模型

Polls/model.py

每個模型對應數據庫中的一張表

'''
問題
'''
class Question(models.Model):
????question_text=models.CharField(max_length=200)
????pub_date=models.DateTimeField('date published')

'''
選票
'''
class Choice(models.Model):
????question=models.ForeignKey(Question,on_delete=models.CASCADE)
????choice_text=models.CharField(max_length=200)
????votes=models.IntegerField(default=0)

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7 注冊應用

Mysite/settings.py

INSTALLED_APPS?= [
'django.contrib.admin',#admin站點
'django.contrib.auth',#身份話證系統
'django.contrib.contenttypes',#內容類型框架
'django.contrib.sessions',#會話框架
'django.contrib.messages',#消息框架
'django.contrib.staticfiles',#靜態文件管理框架
'polls.apps.PollsConfig'
]

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重新生成模型的數據表結構,為改動創建遷移記錄

python manage.py makemigrations polls

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對數據庫進行真正的遷移

Python manage.py sqlmigrate polls 0001

//在不丟失數據的同時,實時動態更新數據庫

python manage.py migrate

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8 使用api

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D:\workspace_python\mysite>python manage.py shell

Python 3.6.0b2 (v3.6.0b2:b9fadc7d1c3f, Oct 10 2016, 20:36:51) [MSC v.1900 32 bit (Intel)] on win32

Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

(InteractiveConsole)

>>>

>>> import django

>>> django.setup()#重啟django

>>> from polls.models import Question,Choice#導入操作模塊

>>> Question.objects.all()#查詢question列表

<QuerySet []>

>>> from django.utils import timezone#導入模塊

>>> q=Question(question_text="What is your name?",pub_date=timezone.now())#創建question對象

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>>> q.save()#保存到數據庫中

>>> q.id

1

>>> q.question_text

'What is your name?'

>>> q.pub_date

datetime.datetime(2016, 10, 21, 9, 34, 11, 36818, tzinfo=<UTC>)

>>> q.question_text='what is up?'#修改屬性值

>>> q.save()#保存到數據庫中

>>> Question.objects.all()#查詢問題列表

<QuerySet [<Question: Question object>]>#看不到問題詳細

需要修改model.py

兩個模型中分別添加:

#想使用python2版本時才能使用
from django.utils.encoding import

python_2_unicode_compatible

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def __str__(self):#python2版本中使用的是__unique__
return self.question_text

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def __str__(self):
return self.choice_text

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修改完成后,重新啟動shell

>>> from polls.models import Question,Choice

>>> Question.objects.all()

<QuerySet [<Question: what is up?>]>

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>>> Question.objects.filter(id=1)

<QuerySet [<Question: what is up?>]>

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>>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='what')

<QuerySet [<Question: what is up?>]>

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>>> from django.utils import timezone

>>> current_year=timezone.now().year

>>> Question.objects.get(pub_date__year=current_year)

<Question: What is your name?>

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>>> Question.objects.get(id=2)

Traceback (most recent call last):

??File "<console>", line 1, in <module>

??File "D:\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method

????return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)

??File "D:\Python36\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 385, in get

????self.model._meta.object_name

polls.models.DoesNotExist: Question matching query does not exist.

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>>> q.choice_set.all()#查詢關系集合

<QuerySet []>

#創建三個choice對象

>>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Not much',votes=0)

<Choice: Not much>

>>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text='The sky',votes=0)

<Choice: The sky>

>>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Just hacking again',votes=0)

<Choice: Just hacking again>

>>> q.choice_set.all()#查詢choice列表

<QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]>

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/retacn-yue/p/6194187.html

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