Redis是我們當(dāng)下比較流行使用的非關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫，可支持多樣化的數(shù)據(jù)類型，多線程高并發(fā)支持，redis運(yùn)行在內(nèi)存擁有更快的讀寫。因?yàn)閞edis的表現(xiàn)如此出色，如何能保障redis在運(yùn)行中能夠應(yīng)對宕機(jī)故障，

所以今天總結(jié)了下redis主從高可用的搭建，參考了網(wǎng)上一些大神的博客文章，發(fā)現(xiàn)很多都是有坑的，所以本人在此分享一次，希望能幫助到大家。

Redis特點(diǎn)

Redis 是完全開源免費(fèi)的，遵守BSD協(xié)議，是一個(gè)高性能的key-value數(shù)據(jù)庫。

Redis 與其他 key - value 緩存產(chǎn)品有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：

Redis支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的持久化，可以將內(nèi)存中的數(shù)據(jù)保持在磁盤中，重啟的時(shí)候可以再次加載進(jìn)行使用。

Redis不僅僅支持簡單的key-value類型的數(shù)據(jù)，同時(shí)還提供如：字符串(String), 哈希(Map), 列表(list), 集合(sets) 和有序集合(sorted sets)等數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的存儲。

Redis支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的備份，即master-slave模式的數(shù)據(jù)備份。

Redis 優(yōu)勢

性能極高?– Redis能讀的速度是100K+次/s,寫的速度是80K+次/s 。

豐富的數(shù)據(jù)類型 – Redis支持二進(jìn)制案例的 Strings, Lists, Hashes, Sets 及 Ordered Sets 數(shù)據(jù)類型操作。

原子 – Redis的所有操作都是原子性的，同時(shí)Redis還支持對幾個(gè)操作全并后的原子性執(zhí)行。

豐富的特性?– Redis還支持 publish/subscribe, 通知, key 過期等等特性。

準(zhǔn)備環(huán)境

Centos7 --> 172.16.81.140 -->主Redis -->主Keepalived

Centos7 --> 172.16.81.141 -->從Redis?-->備Keepalived

VIP --> 172.16.81.139

redis（一般3.0版本以上都行）

KeepAlived（直接在線安裝的）

Redis編譯安裝

1、提前準(zhǔn)備好的redis軟件放在/opt目錄下：redis-4.0.6.tar.gz

cd /opt tar -zxvf redis-4.0.6.tar.gz mv redis-4.0.6 redis cd redis makeMALLOC=libc make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install

2、配置redis啟動腳本

?vim /etc/init.d/redis

#!/bin/sh#chkconfig:2345 80 90 # Simple Redisinit.d script conceived to work on Linux systems # as it doesuse of the /proc filesystem.#配置redis端口號 REDISPORT=6379 #配置redis啟動命令路徑 EXE=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server #配置redis連接命令路徑 CLIEXE=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli #配置redis運(yùn)行PID路徑 PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_6379.pid #配置redis的配置文件路徑 CONF="/etc/redis/redis.conf" #配置redis的連接認(rèn)證密碼 REDISPASSWORD=123456function start () {if [ -f $PIDFILE ]thenecho "$PIDFILE exists,process is already running or crashed"elseecho "Starting Redisserver..."$EXE $CONF &fi }function stop () {if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]thenecho "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"elsePID=$(cat $PIDFILE)echo "Stopping ..."$CLIEXE -p $REDISPORT -a $REDISPASSWORD shutdownwhile [ -x /proc/${PID} ]doecho "Waiting forRedis to shutdown ..."sleep 1doneecho "Redis stopped"fi }function restart () {stopsleep 3start }case "$1" instart)start;;stop)stop;;restart)restart;;*)echo -e "\e[31m Please use $0 [start|stop|restart] asfirst argument \e[0m";; esac

授予執(zhí)行權(quán)限：chmod +x /etc/init.d/redis

添加開機(jī)啟動：

chkconfig --add redis

chkconfig redis on

查看：chkconfig --list | grep redis

此次試驗(yàn)事先關(guān)閉了防火墻和selinux，生產(chǎn)環(huán)境建議開啟防火墻。

3、添加redis命令環(huán)境變量

#vi /etc/profile
#添加下一行參數(shù) exportPATH="$PATH:/usr/local/redis/bin"
#環(huán)境變量生效
source /etc/profile

4、啟動redis服務(wù)

service redis start #檢查啟動情況
ps -ef | grep redis
注：在我們兩臺服務(wù)器上先執(zhí)行同樣的操作安裝完成redis，接下來安裝完成后，就直接進(jìn)入配置主從環(huán)境。

Redis主從配置

?引申回到前面的設(shè)計(jì)模式，我們的思路是以140作為主，141作為從，139作為VIP飄逸地址，應(yīng)用通過139的6379端口訪問redis數(shù)據(jù)庫。

?正常運(yùn)行下，當(dāng)主節(jié)點(diǎn)140宕機(jī)后，VIP飄逸到141上，這時(shí)141就會接管140成為主節(jié)點(diǎn)，140就會成為從節(jié)點(diǎn)，繼續(xù)提供讀寫操作。

?當(dāng)140恢復(fù)正常后，這時(shí)140會與141進(jìn)行一次數(shù)據(jù)同步，140原有的數(shù)據(jù)不會丟失，還會同步宕機(jī)之間已經(jīng)寫入到141的數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)同步完成之后，

?VIP會因?yàn)闄?quán)重的原因重新回到140節(jié)點(diǎn)上并成為主節(jié)點(diǎn)，141會因?yàn)槭IP會重新成為從節(jié)點(diǎn)，恢復(fù)到初始狀態(tài)繼續(xù)提供不間斷的讀寫服務(wù)。

1、配置redis的配置文件

Master-140配置文件

vim /etc/redis/redis.confbind 0.0.0.0port 6379daemonize yesrequirepass 123456slave-serve-stale-data yesslave-read-only no

Slave-141配置文件

vim /etc/redis/redis.confbind 0.0.0.0port 6379daemonize yesslaveof 172.16.81.140 6379masterauth 123456slave-serve-stale-data yesslave-read-only no

2、配置完成后重啟redis服務(wù)！驗(yàn)證主從是否正常。

主節(jié)點(diǎn)140終端登錄測試：

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -a 123456 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO . . . # Replication role:master connected_slaves:1 slave0:ip=172.16.81.141,port=6379,state=online,offset=105768,lag=1 master_replid:f83fcc3c98614d770f2205831fef1e877fa3f482 master_replid2:1f25604997a4ad3eb8344e8155990e78acd93312 master_repl_offset:105768 second_repl_offset:447 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:447 repl_backlog_histlen:105322

從節(jié)點(diǎn)141終端登錄測試：

[root@localhost ~]# redis-cli -a 123456 127.0.0.1:6379> info . . . # Replication role:slave master_host:172.16.81.140 master_port:6379 master_link_status:up master_last_io_seconds_ago:5 master_sync_in_progress:0 slave_repl_offset:105992 slave_priority:100 slave_read_only:0 connected_slaves:0 master_replid:f83fcc3c98614d770f2205831fef1e877fa3f482 master_replid2:1f25604997a4ad3eb8344e8155990e78acd93312 master_repl_offset:105992 second_repl_offset:447 repl_backlog_active:1 repl_backlog_size:1048576 repl_backlog_first_byte_offset:239 repl_backlog_histlen:105754

3、同步測試

主節(jié)點(diǎn)140

從節(jié)點(diǎn)141

到此redis的主從已經(jīng)完成！

KeepAlived配置實(shí)現(xiàn)雙機(jī)熱備

使用Keepalived實(shí)現(xiàn)VIP，并且通過notify_master、notify_backup、notify_fault、notify_stop來實(shí)現(xiàn)容災(zāi)。

1、配置Keepalived配置文件

主Keepalived配置文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {notification_email {acassen@firewall.locfailover@firewall.locsysadmin@firewall.loc}notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.locsmtp_server 192.168.200.1smtp_connect_timeout 30router_id redis01 }vrrp_script chk_redis {script "/etc/keepalived/script/redis_check.sh"interval 2 }vrrp_instance VI_1 {state MASTERinterface eno16777984virtual_router_id 51priority 100advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}track_script {chk_redis}virtual_ipaddress {172.16.81.139}notify_master /etc/keepalived/script/redis_master.shnotify_backup /etc/keepalived/script/redis_backup.shnotify_fault /etc/keepalived/script/redis_fault.sh notify_stop /etc/keepalived/script/redis_stop.sh }

備用Keepalived配置文件

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs {notification_email {acassen@firewall.locfailover@firewall.locsysadmin@firewall.loc}notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.locsmtp_server 192.168.200.1smtp_connect_timeout 30router_id redis02 }vrrp_script chk_redis {script "/etc/keepalived/script/redis_check.sh"interval 2 }vrrp_instance VI_1 {state BACKUPinterface eno16777984virtual_router_id 51priority 99advert_int 1authentication {auth_type PASSauth_pass 1111}track_script {chk_redis}virtual_ipaddress {172.16.81.139}notify_master /etc/keepalived/script/redis_master.shnotify_backup /etc/keepalived/script/redis_backup.shnotify_fault /etc/keepalived/script/redis_fault.sh notify_stop /etc/keepalived/script/redis_stop.sh }

2、配置腳本

Master KeepAlived -- 140

創(chuàng)建存放腳本目錄：mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/script/

cd?/etc/keepalived/script/

[root@localhost script]# cat redis_check.sh #!/bin/bash ALIVE=`/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456 PING` if [ "$ALIVE" == "PONG" ];thenecho $ALIVE exit 0 elseecho $ALIVE exit 1 fi [root@localhost script]# cat redis_master.sh #!/bin/bash REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456" LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"sleep 15echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "Being master...." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 172.16.81.141 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ];thenecho "data rsync fail." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 elseecho "data rsync OK." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 fisleep 10 #延遲10秒以后待數(shù)據(jù)同步完成后再取消同步狀態(tài) echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ];thenecho "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd fail." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 elseecho "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd OK." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 fi [root@localhost script]# cat redis_backup.sh #!/bin/bash REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456"LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "Being slave...." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1sleep 15 #延遲15秒待數(shù)據(jù)被對方同步完成之后再切換主從角色 echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 172.16.81.141 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 [root@localhost script]# cat redis_fault.sh #!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.logecho "[fault]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILE [root@localhost script]# cat redis_stop.sh #!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.logecho "[stop]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILE

Slave KeepAlived -- 141

創(chuàng)建存放腳本目錄：mkdir -p /etc/keepalived/script/

cd?/etc/keepalived/script/

[root@localhost script]# cat redis_check.sh #!/bin/bash ALIVE=`/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456 PING` if [ "$ALIVE" == "PONG" ]; thenecho $ALIVE exit 0 elseecho $ALIVE exit 1 fi [root@localhost script]# cat redis_master.sh #!/bin/bash REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456"LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"echo "[master]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "Being master...." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 172.16.81.140 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1sleep 10 #延遲10秒以后待數(shù)據(jù)同步完成后再取消同步狀態(tài) echo "Run SLAVEOF NO ONE cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF NO ONE >> $LOGFILE 2>&1 [root@localhost script]# cat redis_backup.sh #!/bin/bash REDISCLI="/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli -a 123456"LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.log"echo "[backup]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "Being slave...." >>$LOGFILE 2>&1sleep 15 #延遲15秒待數(shù)據(jù)被對方同步完成之后再切換主從角色 echo "Run SLAVEOF cmd ...">> $LOGFILE$REDISCLI SLAVEOF 172.16.81.140 6379 >>$LOGFILE 2>&1 [root@localhost script]# cat redis_fault.sh #!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.logecho "[fault]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILE [root@localhost script]# cat redis_stop.sh #!/bin/bash LOGFILE=/var/log/keepalived-redis-state.logecho "[stop]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILE

3、啟動服務(wù)

systemctl start keepalived

systemctl enable keepalived

4、測試服務(wù)是否正常

ps -ef | grep keepalived

ping 172.16.81.139

?

查看VIP地址

測試連接redis是否正常

redis-cli -h 172.16.81.139 -p 6379 -a 123456

Keepalived測試完成！！

測試故障轉(zhuǎn)移情況

關(guān)閉主redis服務(wù)，查看從redis是否會接管VIP變成主？然后再新的主redis141上插入數(shù)據(jù)，測試當(dāng)140恢復(fù)，數(shù)據(jù)是否存在？141的是否會變成從節(jié)點(diǎn)？

1、主140關(guān)閉redis

service redis stop

2、查看141狀態(tài)

測試VIP連接遠(yuǎn)程連接

?通過INFO可以查看狀態(tài)信息

?

可以看到從節(jié)點(diǎn)的141已經(jīng)變成master節(jié)點(diǎn)了。

3、插入數(shù)據(jù)

?

4、開啟140主節(jié)點(diǎn)

service redis start

5、查看140和141的主從狀態(tài)

141的狀態(tài)，變回了從

140的狀態(tài)，變回了主

我們在140上查看剛剛在141上插入的新數(shù)據(jù)

數(shù)據(jù)存在，證明主從切換是正常的！！！

上面是本人親測過的，如有問題請留言！！！

Just Do It

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lywJ/p/10833496.html

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