????? 因?yàn)樽罱谧鲆恍┯嘘P(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)方面的開(kāi)發(fā)，其實(shí)，說(shuō)白了，就是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的CRUD操作，寫(xiě)了n多的存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程，倒不是說(shuō)存儲(chǔ)過(guò)程多難，關(guān)鍵是在后期的維護(hù)方面有點(diǎn)頭疼，沒(méi)辦法，研究一下ORM吧。

????? 下面分別是用NHibernate和Linq實(shí)現(xiàn)的簡(jiǎn)單的CRUD操作，當(dāng)是一開(kāi)始的練練手（開(kāi)關(guān)環(huán)境：VS08+SQL2000）。

?????? ①：NHibernate

???????不管三七二十一，先看看實(shí)體類(lèi)吧。（數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)代碼省略，映射文件對(duì)應(yīng)著表結(jié)構(gòu)）??

代碼 ????public?class?User
????{
????????#region?構(gòu)造函數(shù)
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶信息
????????///?</summary>
????????public?User()?{?}
????????#endregion

????????#region?屬性

????????private?int?userID;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶ID
????????///?</summary>
????????public?virtual?int?UserID
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userID;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userID?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?string?userName;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶姓名
????????///?</summary>
????????public?virtual?string?UserName
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userName;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userName?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?string?userPwd;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶密碼
????????///?</summary>
????????public?virtual?string?UserPwd
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userPwd;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userPwd?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?int?userAge;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶年齡
????????///?</summary>
????????public?virtual?int?UserAge
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userAge;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userAge?=?value;
????????????}
????????}
????????#endregion
????}

?

????? 這里用的NHibernate是NHibernate-2.1.2.GA-bin,映射文件如下（注意映射文件中nh的版本號(hào)）：

代碼 <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"??>
<hibernate-mapping?xmlns="urn:nhibernate-mapping-2.2"?>
??<class?name="NHUser.User,NHUser"?table="UserInfo">?//NHUser為命名空間、UserInfo為數(shù)據(jù)表名
????<id?name="UserID"?type="Int32"?unsaved-value="null">
??????<column?name="UserID"?length="4"?sql-type="int"?not-null="true"?unique="true"?index="PK_UserInfo"/>
??????<generator?class="native"/>
????</id>
????<property?name="UserName"?type="String">
??????<column?name="UserName"?length="50"?sql-type="nvarchar"?not-null="false"/>
????</property>
????<property?name="UserPwd"?type="String">
??????<column?name="UserPwd"?length="50"?sql-type="nvarchar"?not-null="false"/>
????</property>
????<property?name="UserAge"?type="Int32">
??????<column?name="UserAge"?length="4"?sql-type="int"?/>
????</property>
??</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

?

????? 基本工作還剩下個(gè)配置文件hibernate.cfg.xml

代碼 <?xml?version="1.0"?encoding="utf-8"??>
<hibernate-configuration?xmlns="urn:nhibernate-configuration-2.2">
??<session-factory>
????<property?name="connection.driver_class">NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver</property>
????<property?name="connection.connection_string">Server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=123456;database=NunitUser;Integrated?Security=SSPI</property>
????<property?name="dialect">NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2000Dialect</property>
????<property?name="adonet.batch_size">100</property>
????<property?name='proxyfactory.factory_class'>
??????NHibernate.ByteCode.Castle.ProxyFactoryFactory,NHibernate.ByteCode.Castle
????</property>
????<mapping?assembly="NHUser"/>
??</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

?

????? OK！準(zhǔn)備工作over了，下面看看CRUD的操作代碼吧

代碼 namespace?NHUser
{
????public?partial?class?NHCRUD?:?Form
????{
????????public?NHCRUD()
????????{
????????????InitializeComponent();
????????}

????????private?void?btnOK_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????string?username?=?this.tbUserName.Text.ToString();
????????????????string?userpwd?=?this.tbUserPwd.Text.ToString();
????????????????int?userage?=?Convert.ToInt32(this.tbUserAge.Text.ToString());

????????????????//定義配置文件
????????????????Configuration?cfg?=?new?Configuration();
????????????????cfg.Configure();

????????????????//創(chuàng)建會(huì)話工廠
????????????????ISessionFactory?factory?=?cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
????????????????ISession?session?=?factory.OpenSession();
????????????????//用戶賦值
??????????????? User?user?=?new?User();
????????????????user.UserName?=?username;
????????????????user.UserPwd?=?userpwd;
????????????????user.UserAge?=?userage;

????????????????//開(kāi)啟事務(wù)
????????????????ITransaction?trans?=?session.BeginTransaction();
????????????????try
????????????????{
????????????????????session.Save(user); ????????????????????//Commit
????????????????????trans.Commit();
????????????????????MessageBox.Show("用戶數(shù)據(jù)插入成功！",?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????????????this.Close();
????????????????}
????????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????????{
????????????????????trans.Rollback();
????????????????????MessageBox.Show("用戶數(shù)據(jù)插入失敗！"?+?ex.Message,?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????????}
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show(ex.Message,?"錯(cuò)誤提示！");
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?查詢指定數(shù)據(jù)
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnRead_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????//定義配置文件
????????????Configuration?cfg?=?new?Configuration();
??????????? cfg.Configure();
????????????//創(chuàng)建會(huì)話工廠
????????????ISessionFactory?factory?=?cfg.BuildSessionFactory();
????????????using?(ISession?session?=?factory.OpenSession())
????????????{
????????????????IList?users?=?session.CreateCriteria(typeof(User)).Add(Expression.Eq("UserName",?"dukeyongwang")).List();

????????????????foreach?(User?user?in?users)
????????????????{
????????????????????Console.WriteLine("UserID:"?+?user.UserID?+?"——>UserName:"?+?user.UserName?+?"——>UserPwd:"?+?user.UserPwd?+?"——>UserAge:"?+?user.UserAge);
????????????????}
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?修改
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnUpdate_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????//定義配置文件
????????????Configuration?cfg?=?new?Configuration();
????????????cfg.Configure();
????????????//創(chuàng)建會(huì)話工廠
????????????ISessionFactory?factory?=?cfg.BuildSessionFactory();

????????????try
????????????{
????????????????using?(ISession?session?=?factory.OpenSession())
????????????????{
????????????????????User?user?=?session.Load(typeof(User),?5)?as?User;

????????????????????Console.WriteLine("修改前==>>UserID:"?+?user.UserID?+?"——>UserName:"?+?user.UserName?+?"——>UserPwd:"?+?user.UserPwd?+?"——>UserAge:"?+?user.UserAge);

????????????????????user.UserName?=?"dukeyongwang";
????????????????????user.UserPwd?=?"dkwang";
????????????????????user.UserAge?=?25;

????????????????????using?(ITransaction?trans?=?session.BeginTransaction())
????????????????????{
????????????????????????session.Update(user,?user.UserID);

????????????????????????User?updateUser?=?session.Load(typeof(User),?user.UserID)?as?User;

????????????????????????//修改后
????????????????????????Console.WriteLine("修改后==>>UserID:"?+?updateUser.UserID?+?"——>UserName:"?+?updateUser.UserName?+?"——>UserPwd:"?+?updateUser.UserPwd?+?"——>UserAge:"?+?updateUser.UserAge);

????????????????????????trans.Commit();
????????????????????}
????????????????}
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show("修改時(shí)錯(cuò)誤："?+?ex.Message,?"錯(cuò)誤提示！");
????????????}
????????}


????????///?<summary>
????????///?刪除(可通過(guò)查詢出來(lái)的實(shí)體對(duì)象，然后刪除)
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnDel_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
???????????//定義配置文件
????????????Configuration?cfg?=?new?Configuration();
???????????cfg.Configure();
???????????//創(chuàng)建會(huì)話工廠
????????????ISessionFactory?factory?=?cfg.BuildSessionFactory();

????????????using?(ISession?session?=?factory.OpenSession())
????????????{
????????????????using?(ITransaction?trans?=?session.BeginTransaction())
????????????????{
????????????????????User?newUser?=?session.Load(typeof(User),?6)?as?User;
????????????????????//刪除
????????????????????session.Delete(newUser);
????????????????????
????????????????????trans.Commit();
????????????????}
????????????}
????????}
????}
}

?

???? 運(yùn)行以上代碼，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)的CRUD，感覺(jué)沒(méi)有SQL，代碼清爽了許多。呵呵。。。。

???? ②：Linq

???? 在linq中少了NHibernate的映射文件，這部分實(shí)現(xiàn)在實(shí)體類(lèi)中通過(guò)TableAttribute和ColumnAttribute實(shí)現(xiàn)，少建一個(gè)xml文件，也許你會(huì)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在的映射文件可以自動(dòng)生成，好吧，我承認(rèn)的確是可以。

代碼 [Table(Name="UserInfo")]
????public?class?User
????{
????????private?int?userID;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶ID
????????///?</summary>
????????[Column(DbType="int",IsPrimaryKey=true,IsDbGenerated=true)]
????????public?int?UserID
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userID;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userID?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?string?userName;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶姓名
????????///?</summary>
????????[Column(DbType="nvarchar(50)")]
????????public?string?UserName
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userName;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userName?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?string?userPwd;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶密碼
????????///?</summary>
????????[Column(DbType="nvarchar(50)")]
????????public?string?UserPwd
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userPwd;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userPwd?=?value;
????????????}
????????}

????????private?int?userAge;
????????///?<summary>
????????///?用戶年齡
????????///?</summary>
????????[Column(DbType="int")]
????????public?int?UserAge
????????{
????????????get
????????????{
????????????????return?userAge;
????????????}
????????????set
????????????{
????????????????userAge?=?value;
????????????}
????????}
????}

?

??? 好了，現(xiàn)在就可以看看在LINQ中如何完成CRUD的操作：

代碼 namespace?LinqUser
{
????public?partial?class?LinqCRUD?:?Form
????{ ????????//映射實(shí)體 ????????DataContext?objContext?=?null;

????????public?LinqCRUD()
????????{
????????????InitializeComponent();
????????????string?strConnection?=?"Server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=123456;database=NunitUser;Integrated?Security=SSPI";
????????????objContext?=?new?DataContext(strConnection);
????????}

????????#region?數(shù)據(jù)CRUD
????????///?<summary>
????????///?數(shù)據(jù)插入
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnCreate_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????string?userName?=?this.tbUserName.Text.ToString();
????????????????string?userPwd?=?this.tbUserPwd.Text.ToString();
????????????????int?userAge?=?Convert.ToInt32(this.tbUserAge.Text.ToString());

????????????????User?user?=?new?User();
????????????????user.UserName?=?userName;
????????????????user.UserPwd?=?userPwd;
????????????????user.UserAge?=?userAge;
????????????????
????????????????//插入
????????????????objContext.GetTable<User>().InsertOnSubmit(user);
????????????????//提交
????????????????objContext.SubmitChanges();

????????????????MessageBox.Show("插入數(shù)據(jù)成功！",?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show("插入數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)錯(cuò)誤："?+?ex.Message,?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?數(shù)據(jù)修改
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnUpdate_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????var?myUpdate?=?from?user?in?objContext.GetTable<User>()
???????????????????????????????where?user.UserID?==?1
???????????????????????????????select?user;
????????????????User?userUpdate?=?myUpdate.First<User>()?as?User;
????????????????if?(null?==?userUpdate)?return;
????????????????userUpdate.UserName?=?this.tbUserName.Text.ToString();
????????????????userUpdate.UserPwd?=?this.tbUserPwd.Text.ToString();
????????????????userUpdate.UserAge?=?Convert.ToInt32(this.tbUserAge.Text.ToString());

????????????????//提交
????????????????objContext.SubmitChanges();

????????????????MessageBox.Show("修改數(shù)據(jù)成功！",?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show("修改數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)錯(cuò)誤："?+?ex.Message,?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?數(shù)據(jù)刪除
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnDel_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????var?myDel?=?from?user?in?objContext.GetTable<User>()
????????????????????????????where?user.UserID?==?1
????????????????????????????select?user;
????????????????User?userDel?=?myDel.First<User>();
????????????????if?(null?==?userDel)?return;

????????????????//刪除
????????????????objContext.GetTable<User>().DeleteOnSubmit(userDel);

????????????????//提交
????????????????objContext.SubmitChanges();

????????????????MessageBox.Show("刪除數(shù)據(jù)成功！",?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show("刪除數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)出錯(cuò)："?+?ex.Message,?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????}

????????///?<summary>
????????///?數(shù)據(jù)查詢
????????///?</summary>
????????private?void?btnRead_Click(object?sender,?EventArgs?e)
????????{
????????????try
????????????{
????????????????var?myQuery?=?from?user?in?objContext.GetTable<User>()
??????????????????????????????where?user.UserID?==?1
??????????????????????????????select?user;

????????????????if?(myQuery.Count<User>()?<=?0)?return;

????????????????foreach?(User?user?in?myQuery)
????????????????{
????????????????????Console.WriteLine("用戶信息：UserID——>"?+?user.UserID?+?"、UserName——>"?+?user.UserName?+?"、UserPwd——>"?+?user.UserPwd?+?"、UserAge——>"?+?user.UserAge);
????????????????}

????????????????MessageBox.Show("查詢數(shù)據(jù)成功！",?"系統(tǒng)提示！");

????????????}
????????????catch?(Exception?ex)
????????????{
????????????????MessageBox.Show("查詢數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)錯(cuò)誤："?+?ex.Message,?"系統(tǒng)提示！");
????????????}
????????}
????????#endregion
????}
}

?

??? ? 到這里，LINQ的操作也結(jié)束了。運(yùn)行感受一下吧。

????? 先說(shuō)說(shuō)我的感受吧，用NHibernate明顯感覺(jué)到效率沒(méi)有原生的SQL語(yǔ)句的好，可能只是插入一條語(yǔ)句，沒(méi)有批量的處理，Linq反而沒(méi)感覺(jué)到比NHibernate效率低。如果是對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作的實(shí)時(shí)性要求很高的話，可能不太適合使用ORM技術(shù)，當(dāng)然了，才接觸到這些東西，也許有其它的解決辦法也說(shuō)不定，待自己慢慢研究吧！！

轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangyong/archive/2010/06/02/1749993.html

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