java中的多线程(转自http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/08/28/2156357.html)
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在java中要想實現多線程,有兩種手段,一種是繼續Thread類,另外一種是實現Runable接口。
對于直接繼承Thread的類來說,代碼大致框架是:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | class?類名?extends?Thread{ 方法1; 方法2; … public?void?run(){ // other code… } 屬性1; 屬性2; … } |
先看一個簡單的例子:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 繼承Thread類,直接調用run方法 ?* */ class?hello?extends?Thread { ????public?hello() { ????} ????public?hello(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?5; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(name +?"運行???? "?+ i); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello h1=new?hello("A"); ????????hello h2=new?hello("B"); ????????h1.run(); ????????h2.run(); ????} ????private?String name; } |
【運行結果】:
A運行???? 0
A運行???? 1
A運行???? 2
A運行???? 3
A運行???? 4
B運行???? 0
B運行???? 1
B運行???? 2
B運行???? 3
B運行???? 4
我們會發現這些都是順序執行的,說明我們的調用方法不對,應該調用的是start()方法。
當我們把上面的主函數修改為如下所示的時候:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello h1=new?hello("A"); ????????hello h2=new?hello("B"); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????} |
然后運行程序,輸出的可能的結果如下:
A運行???? 0
B運行???? 0
B運行???? 1
B運行???? 2
B運行???? 3
B運行???? 4
A運行???? 1
A運行???? 2
A運行???? 3
A運行???? 4
因為需要用到CPU的資源,所以每次的運行結果基本是都不一樣的,呵呵。
注意:雖然我們在這里調用的是start()方法,但是實際上調用的還是run()方法的主體。
那么:為什么我們不能直接調用run()方法呢?
我的理解是:線程的運行需要本地操作系統的支持。
如果你查看start的源代碼的時候,會發現:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | public?synchronized?void?start() { ????????/** ?????* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system" ?????* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added ?????* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM. ?????* ?????* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW". ?????????*/ ????????if?(threadStatus !=?0?||?this?!= me) ????????????throw?new?IllegalThreadStateException(); ????????group.add(this); ????????start0(); ????????if?(stopBeforeStart) { ????????stop0(throwableFromStop); ????} } private?native?void?start0(); |
注意我用紅色加粗的那一條語句,說明此處調用的是start0()。并且這個這個方法用了native關鍵字,次關鍵字表示調用本地操作系統的函數。因為多線程的實現需要本地操作系統的支持。
但是start方法重復調用的話,會出現java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException異常。
通過實現Runnable接口:
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大致框架是:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | class?類名?implements?Runnable{ 方法1; 方法2; … public?void?run(){ // other code… } 屬性1; 屬性2; … } |
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來先看一個小例子吧:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 實現Runnable接口 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?hello() { ????} ????public?hello(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?5; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(name +?"運行???? "?+ i); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello h1=new?hello("線程A"); ????????Thread demo=?new?Thread(h1); ????????hello h2=new?hello("線程B"); ????????Thread demo1=new?Thread(h2); ????????demo.start(); ????????demo1.start(); ????} ????private?String name; } |
【可能的運行結果】:
線程A運行???? 0
線程B運行???? 0
線程B運行???? 1
線程B運行???? 2
線程B運行???? 3
線程B運行???? 4
線程A運行???? 1
線程A運行???? 2
線程A運行???? 3
線程A運行???? 4
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關于選擇繼承Thread還是實現Runnable接口?
其實Thread也是實現Runnable接口的:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | class?Thread?implements?Runnable { ????//… public?void?run() { ????????if?(target !=?null) { ?????????????target.run(); ????????} ????????} } |
其實Thread中的run方法調用的是Runnable接口的run方法。不知道大家發現沒有,Thread和Runnable都實現了run方法,這種操作模式其實就是代理模式。關于代理模式,我曾經寫過一個小例子呵呵,大家有興趣的話可以看一下:http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/archive/2011/08/18/2144847.html
Thread和Runnable的區別:
如果一個類繼承Thread,則不適合資源共享。但是如果實現了Runable接口的話,則很容易的實現資源共享。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 繼承Thread類,不能資源共享 ?* */ class?hello?extends?Thread { ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?7; i++) { ????????????if?(count >?0) { ????????????????System.out.println("count= "?+ count--); ????????????} ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello h1 =?new?hello(); ????????hello h2 =?new?hello(); ????????hello h3 =?new?hello(); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????h3.start(); ????} ????private?int?count =?5; } |
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【運行結果】:
count= 5
count= 4
count= 3
count= 2
count= 1
count= 5
count= 4
count= 3
count= 2
count= 1
count= 5
count= 4
count= 3
count= 2
count= 1
大家可以想象,如果這個是一個買票系統的話,如果count表示的是車票的數量的話,說明并沒有實現資源的共享。
我們換為Runnable接口
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| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | class?MyThread?implements?Runnable{ ????private?int?ticket =?5;??//5張票 ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i=0; i<=20; i++) { ????????????if?(this.ticket >?0) { ????????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+?"正在賣票"+this.ticket--); ????????????} ????????} ????} } public?class?lzwCode { ????? ????public?static?void?main(String [] args) { ????????MyThread my =?new?MyThread(); ????????new?Thread(my,?"1號窗口").start(); ????????new?Thread(my,?"2號窗口").start(); ????????new?Thread(my,?"3號窗口").start(); ????} } |
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【運行結果】:
count= 5
count= 4
count= 3
count= 2
count= 1
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總結一下吧:
實現Runnable接口比繼承Thread類所具有的優勢:
1):適合多個相同的程序代碼的線程去處理同一個資源
2):可以避免java中的單繼承的限制
3):增加程序的健壯性,代碼可以被多個線程共享,代碼和數據獨立。
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所以,本人建議大家勁量實現接口。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt ?* 取得線程的名稱 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?3; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????new?Thread(he,"A").start(); ????????new?Thread(he,"B").start(); ????????new?Thread(he).start(); ????} } |
【運行結果】:
A
A
A
B
B
B
Thread-0
Thread-0
Thread-0
說明如果我們沒有指定名字的話,系統自動提供名字。
提醒一下大家:main方法其實也是一個線程。在java中所以的線程都是同時啟動的,至于什么時候,哪個先執行,完全看誰先得到CPU的資源。
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在java中,每次程序運行至少啟動2個線程。一個是main線程,一個是垃圾收集線程。因為每當使用java命令執行一個類的時候,實際上都會啟動一個JVM,每一個jVM實習在就是在操作系統中啟動了一個進程。
判斷線程是否啟動
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 判斷線程是否啟動 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?3; i++) { ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????Thread demo =?new?Thread(he); ????????System.out.println("線程啟動之前---》"?+ demo.isAlive()); ????????demo.start(); ????????System.out.println("線程啟動之后---》"?+ demo.isAlive()); ????} } |
【運行結果】
線程啟動之前---》false
線程啟動之后---》true
Thread-0
Thread-0
Thread-0
主線程也有可能在子線程結束之前結束。并且子線程不受影響,不會因為主線程的結束而結束。
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線程的強制執行:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | /** ?????* @author Rollen-Holt 線程的強制執行 ?????* */ ????class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????????public?void?run() { ????????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?3; i++) { ????????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); ????????????} ????????} ????? ????????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????????Thread demo =?new?Thread(he,"線程"); ????????????demo.start(); ????????????for(int?i=0;i<50;++i){ ????????????????if(i>10){ ????????????????????try{ ????????????????????????demo.join();??//強制執行demo ????????????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????????} ????????????????} ????????????????System.out.println("main 線程執行-->"+i); ????????????} ????????} ????} |
【運行的結果】:
main?線程執行-->0
main?線程執行-->1
main?線程執行-->2
main?線程執行-->3
main?線程執行-->4
main?線程執行-->5
main?線程執行-->6
main?線程執行-->7
main?線程執行-->8
main?線程執行-->9
main?線程執行-->10
線程
線程
線程
main?線程執行-->11
main?線程執行-->12
main?線程執行-->13
...
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線程的休眠:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 線程的休眠 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?3; i++) { ????????????try?{ ????????????????Thread.sleep(2000); ????????????}?catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + i); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????Thread demo =?new?Thread(he,?"線程"); ????????demo.start(); ????} } |
【運行結果】:(結果每隔2s輸出一個)
線程0
線程1
線程2
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線程的中斷:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 線程的中斷 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????System.out.println("執行run方法"); ????????try?{ ????????????Thread.sleep(10000); ????????????System.out.println("線程完成休眠"); ????????}?catch?(Exception e) { ????????????System.out.println("休眠被打斷"); ????????????return;??//返回到程序的調用處 ????????} ????????System.out.println("線程正常終止"); ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????Thread demo =?new?Thread(he,?"線程"); ????????demo.start(); ????????try{ ????????????Thread.sleep(2000); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????demo.interrupt();?//2s后中斷線程 ????} } |
【運行結果】:
執行run方法
休眠被打斷
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在java程序中,只要前臺有一個線程在運行,整個java程序進程不會小時,所以此時可以設置一個后臺線程,這樣即使java進程小時了,此后臺線程依然能夠繼續運行。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 后臺線程 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????while?(true) { ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() +?"在運行"); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????Thread demo =?new?Thread(he,?"線程"); ????????demo.setDaemon(true); ????????demo.start(); ????} } |
雖然有一個死循環,但是程序還是可以執行完的。因為在死循環中的線程操作已經設置為后臺運行了。
線程的優先級:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 線程的優先級 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for(int?i=0;i<5;++i){ ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"運行"+i); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????Thread h1=new?Thread(new?hello(),"A"); ????????Thread h2=new?Thread(new?hello(),"B"); ????????Thread h3=new?Thread(new?hello(),"C"); ????????h1.setPriority(8); ????????h2.setPriority(2); ????????h3.setPriority(6); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????h3.start(); ????????? ????} } |
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【運行結果】:
A運行0
A運行1
A運行2
A運行3
A運行4
B運行0
C運行0
C運行1
C運行2
C運行3
C運行4
B運行1
B運行2
B運行3
B運行4
。但是請讀者不要誤以為優先級越高就先執行。誰先執行還是取決于誰先去的CPU的資源、
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另外,主線程的優先級是5.
線程的禮讓。
在線程操作中,也可以使用yield()方法,將一個線程的操作暫時交給其他線程執行。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt 線程的優先級 ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for(int?i=0;i<5;++i){ ????????????System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"運行"+i); ????????????if(i==3){ ????????????????System.out.println("線程的禮讓"); ????????????????Thread.currentThread().yield(); ????????????} ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????Thread h1=new?Thread(new?hello(),"A"); ????????Thread h2=new?Thread(new?hello(),"B"); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????? ????} } |
A運行0
A運行1
A運行2
A運行3
線程的禮讓
A運行4
B運行0
B運行1
B運行2
B運行3
線程的禮讓
B運行4
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同步和死鎖:
【問題引出】:比如說對于買票系統,有下面的代碼:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for(int?i=0;i<10;++i){ ????????????if(count>0){ ????????????????try{ ????????????????????Thread.sleep(1000); ????????????????}catch(InterruptedException e){ ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????????System.out.println(count--); ????????????} ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he=new?hello(); ????????Thread h1=new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h2=new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h3=new?Thread(he); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????h3.start(); ????} ????private?int?count=5; } |
【運行結果】:
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
這里出現了-1,顯然這個是錯的。,應該票數不能為負值。
如果想解決這種問題,就需要使用同步。所謂同步就是在統一時間段中只有有一個線程運行,
其他的線程必須等到這個線程結束之后才能繼續執行。
【使用線程同步解決問題】
采用同步的話,可以使用同步代碼塊和同步方法兩種來完成。
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【同步代碼塊】:
語法格式:
synchronized(同步對象){
?//需要同步的代碼
}
但是一般都把當前對象this作為同步對象。
比如對于上面的買票的問題,如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for(int?i=0;i<10;++i){ ????????????synchronized?(this) { ????????????????if(count>0){ ????????????????????try{ ????????????????????????Thread.sleep(1000); ????????????????????}catch(InterruptedException e){ ????????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????????} ????????????????????System.out.println(count--); ????????????????} ????????????} ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he=new?hello(); ????????Thread h1=new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h2=new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h3=new?Thread(he); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????h3.start(); ????} ????private?int?count=5; } |
【運行結果】:(每一秒輸出一個結果)
5
4
3
2
1
【同步方法】
也可以采用同步方法。
語法格式為synchronized?方法返回類型方法名(參數列表){
??? //?其他代碼
}
現在,我們采用同步方法解決上面的問題。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 | /** ?* @author Rollen-Holt ?* */ class?hello?implements?Runnable { ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?10; ++i) { ????????????sale(); ????????} ????} ????public?synchronized?void?sale() { ????????if?(count >?0) { ????????????try?{ ????????????????Thread.sleep(1000); ????????????}?catch?(InterruptedException e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println(count--); ????????} ????} ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????hello he =?new?hello(); ????????Thread h1 =?new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h2 =?new?Thread(he); ????????Thread h3 =?new?Thread(he); ????????h1.start(); ????????h2.start(); ????????h3.start(); ????} ????private?int?count =?5; } |
【運行結果】(每秒輸出一個)
5
4
3
2
1
提醒一下,當多個線程共享一個資源的時候需要進行同步,但是過多的同步可能導致死鎖。
此處列舉經典的生產者和消費者問題。
【生產者和消費者問題】
先看一段有問題的代碼。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 | class?Info { ????public?String getName() { ????????return?name; ????} ????public?void?setName(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public?int?getAge() { ????????return?age; ????} ????public?void?setAge(int?age) { ????????this.age = age; ????} ????private?String name =?"Rollen"; ????private?int?age =?20; } /** ?* 生產者 ?* */ class?Producer?implements?Runnable{ ????private?Info info=null; ????Producer(Info info){ ????????this.info=info; ????} ????? ????public?void?run(){ ????????boolean?flag=false; ????????for(int?i=0;i<25;++i){ ????????????if(flag){ ????????????????this.info.setName("Rollen"); ????????????????try{ ????????????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????????this.info.setAge(20); ????????????????flag=false; ????????????}else{ ????????????????this.info.setName("chunGe"); ????????????????try{ ????????????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????????} ????????????????this.info.setAge(100); ????????????????flag=true; ????????????} ????????} ????} } /** ?* 消費者類 ?* */ class?Consumer?implements?Runnable{ ????private?Info info=null; ????public?Consumer(Info info){ ????????this.info=info; ????} ????? ????public?void?run(){ ????????for(int?i=0;i<25;++i){ ????????????try{ ????????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????System.out.println(this.info.getName()+"<---->"+this.info.getAge()); ????????} ????} } /** ?* 測試類 ?* */ class?hello{ ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????Info info=new?Info(); ????????Producer pro=new?Producer(info); ????????Consumer con=new?Consumer(info); ????????new?Thread(pro).start(); ????????new?Thread(con).start(); ????} } |
【運行結果】:
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
chunGe<---->100
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
Rollen<---->100
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
chunGe<---->20
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
Rollen<---->100
chunGe<---->20
大家可以從結果中看到,名字和年齡并沒有對于。
?
那么如何解決呢?
1)加入同步
2)加入等待和喚醒
先來看看加入同步會是如何。
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 | class?Info { ????? ????public?String getName() { ????????return?name; ????} ????public?void?setName(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public?int?getAge() { ????????return?age; ????} ????public?void?setAge(int?age) { ????????this.age = age; ????} ????public?synchronized?void?set(String name,?int?age){ ????????this.name=name; ????????try{ ????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????this.age=age; ????} ????? ????public?synchronized?void?get(){ ????????try{ ????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge()); ????} ????private?String name =?"Rollen"; ????private?int?age =?20; } /** ?* 生產者 ?* */ class?Producer?implements?Runnable { ????private?Info info =?null; ????Producer(Info info) { ????????this.info = info; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????boolean?flag =?false; ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?25; ++i) { ????????????if?(flag) { ????????????????? ????????????????this.info.set("Rollen",?20); ????????????????flag =?false; ????????????}?else?{ ????????????????this.info.set("ChunGe",?100); ????????????????flag =?true; ????????????} ????????} ????} } /** ?* 消費者類 ?* */ class?Consumer?implements?Runnable { ????private?Info info =?null; ????public?Consumer(Info info) { ????????this.info = info; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?25; ++i) { ????????????try?{ ????????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????????}?catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????this.info.get(); ????????} ????} } /** ?* 測試類 ?* */ class?hello { ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????Info info =?new?Info(); ????????Producer pro =?new?Producer(info); ????????Consumer con =?new?Consumer(info); ????????new?Thread(pro).start(); ????????new?Thread(con).start(); ????} } |
【運行結果】:
Rollen<===>20
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
Rollen<===>20
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
ChunGe<===>100
從運行結果來看,錯亂的問題解決了,現在是Rollen?對應20,ChunGe對于100
,但是還是出現了重復讀取的問題,也肯定有重復覆蓋的問題。如果想解決這個問題,就需要使用Object類幫忙了、
,我們可以使用其中的等待和喚醒操作。
要完成上面的功能,我們只需要修改Info類饑渴,在其中加上標志位,并且通過判斷標志位完成等待和喚醒的操作,代碼如下:
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 | class?Info { ????? ????public?String getName() { ????????return?name; ????} ????public?void?setName(String name) { ????????this.name = name; ????} ????public?int?getAge() { ????????return?age; ????} ????public?void?setAge(int?age) { ????????this.age = age; ????} ????public?synchronized?void?set(String name,?int?age){ ????????if(!flag){ ????????????try{ ????????????????super.wait(); ????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????} ????????this.name=name; ????????try{ ????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????this.age=age; ????????flag=false; ????????super.notify(); ????} ????? ????public?synchronized?void?get(){ ????????if(flag){ ????????????try{ ????????????????super.wait(); ????????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????} ????????? ????????try{ ????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????}catch?(Exception e) { ????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????} ????????System.out.println(this.getName()+"<===>"+this.getAge()); ????????flag=true; ????????super.notify(); ????} ????private?String name =?"Rollen"; ????private?int?age =?20; ????private?boolean?flag=false; } /** ?* 生產者 ?* */ class?Producer?implements?Runnable { ????private?Info info =?null; ????Producer(Info info) { ????????this.info = info; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????boolean?flag =?false; ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?25; ++i) { ????????????if?(flag) { ????????????????? ????????????????this.info.set("Rollen",?20); ????????????????flag =?false; ????????????}?else?{ ????????????????this.info.set("ChunGe",?100); ????????????????flag =?true; ????????????} ????????} ????} } /** ?* 消費者類 ?* */ class?Consumer?implements?Runnable { ????private?Info info =?null; ????public?Consumer(Info info) { ????????this.info = info; ????} ????public?void?run() { ????????for?(int?i =?0; i <?25; ++i) { ????????????try?{ ????????????????Thread.sleep(100); ????????????}?catch?(Exception e) { ????????????????e.printStackTrace(); ????????????} ????????????this.info.get(); ????????} ????} } /** ?* 測試類 ?* */ class?hello { ????public?static?void?main(String[] args) { ????????Info info =?new?Info(); ????????Producer pro =?new?Producer(info); ????????Consumer con =?new?Consumer(info); ????????new?Thread(pro).start(); ????????new?Thread(con).start(); ????} } |
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | 【程序運行結果】: Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 ChunGe<===>100 Rollen<===>20 先在看結果就可以知道,之前的問題完全解決。 |
《完》
轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ftkwm/p/5934003.html
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