一、什么是MySQL多實例

????簡單的說就是在一臺機器上開啟多個不同的服務端口（例如：3306、3307），運行多個mysql服務進程，這些服務進程通過不同的socket監聽不同的服務端口來提供各自的服務。

????這些mysql多實例共用一套mysql安裝程序，使用不同（也可以相同）的my.cnf配置文件、啟動程序、數據文件。在提供服務時，多實例mysql在邏輯上看來是各自獨立的，多個實例是根據配置文件中配置的參數來獲取服務器相關硬件資源。

二、MySQL常見應用場景

????由于公司業務訪問量不是很大，服務器的資源基本都是浪費的，這時候很適合使用多實例的應用，如果對SQL語句優化做的比較好，mysql多實例是一個很值得使用的技術，即使并發很大，合理分配系統資源，也不會有太大問題。

三、MySQL多實例常見配置方案

3.1 安裝MySQL數據庫

?具體安裝方法，請參見 編譯方式安裝MySQL數據庫?。

3.2 配置多實例

?3.2.1 創建多實例目錄

[root@mysql-multi?~]#?mkdir?-p?/data/{3306,3307}/data [root@mysql-multi?~]#?tree?/data???????? /data?? ├──?3306???????? │???└──?data???????? └──?3307└──?data

?3.2.2 將數據目錄及臨時目錄授權mysql用戶（在安裝mysql之前已經創建mysql用戶組和用戶）

[root@mysql-multi?~]#?chown?-R?mysql.mysql?/data [root@mysql-multi?~]#?chmod?-R?1777?/tmp [root@mysql-multi?~]#?ls?-ld?/data/{3306,3307}/data???????? drwxr-xr-x.?2?mysql?mysql?4096?1月??18?22:40?/data/3306/data???????? drwxr-xr-x.?2?mysql?mysql?4096?1月??18?22:40?/data/3307/data

?3.2.3 創建配置文件my.cnf

3306端口

3307端口

[client] port??????????? = 3306 socket????????? = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user??? = mysql port??? = 3306 socket? = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit??? = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/err_mysql_3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

[client] port??????????? = 3307 socket????????? = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user??? = mysql port??? = 3307 socket? = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit??? = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M #long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid #log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/err_mysql_3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

3.3 初始化數據庫表

初始化3306端口數據庫 [root@mysql-multi?~]#?cd?/application/mysql/scripts/ [root@mysql-multi?scripts]#?./mysql_install_db?--basedir=/application/mysql?--datadir=/data/3306/data?--user=mysql WARNING:?The?host?'mysql-multi'?could?not?be?looked?up?with?resolveip. This?probably?means?that?your?libc?libraries?are?not?100?%?compatible with?this?binary?MySQL?version.?The?MySQL?daemon,?mysqld,?should?work normally?with?the?exception?that?host?name?resolving?will?not?work. This?means?that?you?should?use?IP?addresses?instead?of?hostnames when?specifying?MySQL?privileges?! Installing?MySQL?system?tables... OK Filling?help?tables... OK ......此處省略初始化3307端口數據庫 [root@mysql-multi?scripts]#?./mysql_install_db?--basedir=/application/mysql?--datadir=/data/3307/data?--user=mysql WARNING:?The?host?'mysql-multi'?could?not?be?looked?up?with?resolveip. This?probably?means?that?your?libc?libraries?are?not?100?%?compatible with?this?binary?MySQL?version.?The?MySQL?daemon,?mysqld,?should?work normally?with?the?exception?that?host?name?resolving?will?not?work. This?means?that?you?should?use?IP?addresses?instead?of?hostnames when?specifying?MySQL?privileges?! Installing?MySQL?system?tables... OK Filling?help?tables... OK ......此處省略

? 說明：一般情況下初始化數據庫表時日志顯示兩個“OK”即表示初始化成功。

3.4 啟動數據庫多實例

??[root@mysql-multi?~]#?/data/3306/mysql?startStarting?MySQL...[root@mysql-multi?~]#?/data/3307/mysql?startStarting?MySQL...[root@mysql-multi?~]#?netstat?-lntup|grep?330tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3307????????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????????LISTEN??????28220/mysqld????????tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:3306????????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????????LISTEN??????26267/mysqld

? 說明：“mysql”是自己寫的啟動腳本就不貼出來了，mysql啟動和停止的實質為：

?? mysql數據庫啟動命令：

??#?/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe?--defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf?2>&1?>?/dev/null?&

?? mysql數據庫停止命令：

??#?/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin?-u${mysql_user}?-p${mysql_pwd}?-S?/data/${port}/mysql.sock?shutdown

3.5 配置環境變量

[root@mysql-multi?~]#?echo?"export?PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"?>>?/etc/profile [root@mysql-multi?~]#?tail?-1?/etc/profile export?PATH=/application/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin [root@mysql-multi?~]#?.?/etc/profile

3.6 登錄數據庫

? 登錄3306數據庫

[root@mysql-multi?~]#?mysql?-S?/data/3306/mysql.sock Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g. Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1 Server?version:?5.5.32-log?Source?distribution Copyright?(c)?2000,?2013,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved. Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective owners. Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement. mysql>

? 登錄3307數據庫

[root@mysql-multi?~]#?mysql?-S?/data/3307/mysql.sock? Welcome?to?the?MySQL?monitor.??Commands?end?with?;?or?\g. Your?MySQL?connection?id?is?1 Server?version:?5.5.32?Source?distribution Copyright?(c)?2000,?2013,?Oracle?and/or?its?affiliates.?All?rights?reserved. Oracle?is?a?registered?trademark?of?Oracle?Corporation?and/or?its affiliates.?Other?names?may?be?trademarks?of?their?respective owners. Type?'help;'?or?'\h'?for?help.?Type?'\c'?to?clear?the?current?input?statement. mysql>

?說明：MySQL數據庫在初始登錄未設置登錄用戶名和密碼，可以在登錄數據庫之后增加賬戶信息。至此配置MySQL數據庫多實例完成。

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/oldcat1981/1736173

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