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LNMP基础架构介绍与安装

發布時間:2025/7/14 编程问答 24 豆豆
生活随笔 收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 LNMP基础架构介绍与安装 小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

1、LNMP架構介紹

LNMP==Linux+Nginx+Mysql+PHP?
nginx:省資源,省cpu,所以在高并發時能夠處理更多的請求,高端能達到3萬到5萬的并發量。?
nginx和LAMP不同的是,提供web服務的是Nginx?
并且php是作為一個獨立服務存在的,這個服務叫做php-fpm?
Nginx直接處理靜態請求,動態請求會轉發給php-fpm

在當前互聯網環境下,一般高端的服務前端都采用nginx作為web前端,而更多的都是采用lnmp架構,真正的后端服務器才會采用apache.?
為什么這么做,要取決于nginx和apache兩者之間的優缺性.:?
nginx與apache相比有以下優勢:在性能上,nginx占用很少的系統資源,能支持更多的并發鏈接,達到更高的訪問率;在功能上,Nginx是優秀的代理服務器和負載均衡器;在安裝配置上,簡單靈活。?
nginx模塊基本都是靜態編譯,同時對Fast-CGI支持比較好.在處理鏈接上,nginx支持epoll,而且體積小一般只有幾百K。?
Nginx的優點有以下幾點:
1.作為Web服務器,nginx處理靜態文件、索引文件以及自動索引效率非常高。
2.作為代理服務器,Nginx可以實現無緩存的反向代理加速,提高網站運行速度。
3.作為負載均衡服務器,Nginx既可以在內部直接支持Rails和PHP,也可以支持HTTP代理服務器,對外進行服務。同時支持簡單的容錯和利用算法進行負載均衡。
4.在性能方面,Nginx是專門為性能優化而開發的,在實現上非常注重效率。它采用內核Poll模型,可以支持更多的并發連接,最大可以支持對50 000個并發連接數的響應,而且占用很低的內存資源。
5.在穩定性方面,Nginx采取了分階段資源分配技術,使得對CPU與內存的占用率非常低。Nginx官方表示Nginx保持10 000個沒有活動的連接,這些連接只占2.5M內存,因此,類似DOS這樣的攻擊對Nginx來說基本上是沒有任何作用的。
6.在高可用性方面,Nginx支持熱部署,啟動速度特別迅速,因此可以在不間斷服務的情況下,對軟件版本或者配置進行升級,即使運行數月也無需重新啟動,幾乎可以做到7×24小時的不間斷運行。

2、mysql安裝

安裝mysql的配置,其實在做LAMP的時候已經做過了,一模一樣的編譯配置。http://blog.51cto.com/chy940405/2047288?(有需要的可以看看這篇)

3、php安裝總結

和LAMP安裝PHP方法有差別,需要開啟php-fpm服務

[root@chy php-5.6.30]# wget http://cn2.php.net/distributions/php-5.6.30.tar.gz [root@chy php-5.6.30]# tar -zxvf php-5.6.30.tar.gz [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin php-fpm (增加php-fpm用戶) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=php-fpm --with-fpm-group=php-fpm --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl (編譯參數如上,如下是詳解參數 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php-fpm(php路徑) --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fpm/etc(php配置文件路徑) --enable-fpm(啟動服務必須的參數) --with-fpm-user=php-fpm(指定php的用戶) --with-fpm-group=php-fpm(指定phpd 的組) --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock --with-libxml-dir --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-iconv-dir --with-zlib-dir --with-mcrypt --enable-soap --enable-gd-native-ttf --enable-ftp --enable-mbstring --enable-exif --with-pear --with-curl --with-openssl 報錯信息1:configure: error: Please reinstall the libcurl distribution -easy.h should be in <curl-dir>/include/curl/ 解決方法:[root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# yum install -y libcurl-devel 然后再次編譯時:編譯成功 [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# echo $? 0 [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# make && make install (然后make 與make install) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# echo $? 0 (make 成功)

php-fpm簡單介紹

[root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# ls /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/ php-fpm 其中(php-fpm是php-fpm的啟動文件) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# ls /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/ (查看日志的啟動文件) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -i [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -m (查看php的模塊) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# /usr/local/php-fpm/sbin/php-fpm -t [10-Aug-2017 01:41:12] ERROR: failed to open configuration file '/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf': No such file or directory (2) [10-Aug-2017 01:41:12] ERROR: failed to load configuration file '/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf' [10-Aug-2017 01:41:12] ERROR: FPM initialization failed (-t測試php-fpm的配置的語法是否正確) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini (cp php的線上的配置文件到/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php.ini下去) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# cd /usr/local/php-fpm/etc/ [root@chy01 etc]# ls pear.conf php-fpm.conf.default php.ini [root@chy01 etc]# vim php-fpm.conf (創建php-fpm.conf,增加如下配置) [global] pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock listen.mode = 666 user = php-fpm group = php-fpm pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 (配置文件含義如下:[global](定義全局參數) pid = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/run/php-fpm.pid (定義pid) error_log = /usr/local/php-fpm/var/log/php-fpm.log [www] (服務的名稱) listen = /tmp/php-fcgi.sock(監聽的sock) #listen =127.0.0.1:9000 (這個是監聽的ip地址) listen.mode = 666(這個是如果監聽的是sock此項才會生效,則不會生效) user = php-fpm(用來定義用戶) group = php-fpm pm = dynamic (如下是關于進程的信息) pm.max_children = 50 pm.start_servers = 20 pm.min_spare_servers = 5 pm.max_spare_servers = 35 pm.max_requests = 500 rlimit_files = 1024 [root@chy01 etc]# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.6.30 (進入到php的源碼包里) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm (cp配置文件到/etc/init.d/php-fpm 下) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm (更改配置權限為755) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --add php-fpm [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# chkconfig --list注意:該輸出結果只顯示 SysV 服務,并不包含原生 systemd 服務。SysV 配置數據可能被原生 systemd 配置覆蓋。 如果您想列出 systemd 服務,請執行 'systemctl list-unit-files'。欲查看對特定 target 啟用的服務請執行'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'。apache2 0:關 1:關 2:關 3:開 4:關 5:開 6:關 mysqld 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關 netconsole 0:關 1:關 2:關 3:關 4:關 5:關 6:關 network 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關 php-fpm 0:關 1:關 2:開 3:開 4:開 5:開 6:關 (增加到開機啟動) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# /etc/init.d/php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done (啟動服務) [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# ps aux |grep php-fpm root 125159 0.0 0.3 226640 4948 ? Ss 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php-fpm/etc/php-fpm.conf) php-fpm 125160 0.0 0.3 226640 4712 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125161 0.0 0.3 226640 4712 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125162 0.0 0.3 226640 4712 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125163 0.0 0.3 226640 4712 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125164 0.0 0.3 226640 4716 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125165 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125166 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125167 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125168 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125169 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125170 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125171 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125172 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125173 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125174 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125175 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125176 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125177 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125178 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www php-fpm 125179 0.0 0.3 226640 4720 ? S 02:13 0:00 php-fpm: pool www root 125220 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 R+ 02:15 0:00 grep --color=auto php-fpm [root@chy01 php-5.6.30]# ls -l /tmp/php-fcgi.sock srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 8月 10 02:13 /tmp/php-fcgi.sock

4nginx介紹與安裝

nginx官網http://nginx.org
Nginx應用場景:web服務、反向代理、負載均衡
Nginx著名分支,淘寶基于Nginx開發的Tengine,使用上和Nginx一致,服務名,配置文件名都一樣,和Nginx的最大區別在于Tenging增加了一些定制化模塊,在安全限速方面表現突出,另外它支持對js,css合并

[root@chy01 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz (下載nginx安裝包) [root@chy01 src]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.1.tar.gz (解壓) [root@chy01 src]./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx [root@chy01 src]# cd nginx-1.12.1 (進入到此目錄下開始編譯) [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# echo $? 0 [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# make && make install [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# echo $? 0 (編譯成功) [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful (-t檢查配置文件語法是否錯誤) [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx (在啟動配置文件中增加如下內容) #!/bin/bash # chkconfig: - 30 21 # description: http service. # Source Function Library . /etc/init.d/functions # Nginx Settings NGINX_SBIN="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" NGINX_CONF="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" NGINX_PID="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="Nginx" start() {echo -n $"Starting $prog: "mkdir -p /dev/shm/nginx_tempdaemon $NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONFRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL } stop() {echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -TERMrm -rf /dev/shm/nginx_tempRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL } reload() {echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "killproc -p $NGINX_PID $NGINX_SBIN -HUPRETVAL=$?echoreturn $RETVAL } restart() {stopstart } configtest() {$NGINX_SBIN -c $NGINX_CONF -treturn 0 } case "$1" instart)start;;stop)stop;;reload)reload;;restart)restart;;configtest)configtest;;*)echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|configtest}"RETVAL=1 esac exit $RETVAL [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx (增加nginx權限) [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# chkconfig --add nginx (將nginx設置為開機自啟) [root@chy01 nginx-1.12.1]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ (配置nginx的配置文件,需要先下一個模板) [root@chy01 conf]# mv nginx.conf nginx.conf.1 (因nginx已經有一個配置文件,需要將此配置文件cp并且重新更改一個自己的配置文件) [root@chy01 conf]# vim nginx.conf (配置nginx的配置文件) user nobody nobody; worker_processes 2; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events {use epoll;worker_connections 6000; } http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;server_names_hash_max_size 4096;log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'' $host "$request_uri" $status'' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 30;client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;connection_pool_size 256;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;request_pool_size 4k;output_buffers 4 32k;postpone_output 1460;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 256k;client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;tcp_nodelay on;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_comp_level 5;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;server{listen 80;server_name localhost;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /usr/local/nginx/html;location ~ \.php$ {include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;} } } 如下是配置文件的簡單介紹: user nobody nobody; (定義的nginx的用戶) worker_processes 2;(定義子進程有幾個) error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; (定義錯誤日志) pid /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;(定義nginx最多能打開多少個文件) events {use epoll;worker_connections 6000;(進程有多少個連接) } http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;server_names_hash_bucket_size 3526;server_names_hash_max_size 4096;log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'' $host "$request_uri" $status'' "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"';sendfile on;tcp_nopush on;keepalive_timeout 30;client_header_timeout 3m;client_body_timeout 3m;send_timeout 3m;connection_pool_size 256;client_header_buffer_size 1k;large_client_header_buffers 8 4k;request_pool_size 4k;output_buffers 4 32k;postpone_output 1460;client_max_body_size 10m;client_body_buffer_size 256k;client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/client_body_temp;proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy_temp;fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx/fastcgi_temp;fastcgi_intercept_errors on;tcp_nodelay on;gzip on;gzip_min_length 1k;gzip_buffers 4 8k;gzip_comp_level 5;gzip_http_version 1.1;gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css text/htm application/xml;server{listen 80;server_name localhost;index index.html index.htm index.php;root /usr/local/nginx/html;location ~ \.php$ (配置解析Php){include fastcgi_params;fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-fcgi.sock;fastcgi_index index.php;fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;} } } [root@chy01 conf]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful (查看nginx配置文件是否有錯) [root@chy01 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start(這里報了一個錯誤) Starting nginx (via systemctl): Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.[失敗] (根據提示查錯誤,[root@chy01 conf]# systemctl status nginx.service ● nginx.service - SYSV: http service.Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx; bad; vendor preset: disabled)Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 五 2017-08-11 00:23:23 CST; 36s agoDocs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)Process: 5613 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/nginx start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)8月 11 00:23:21 chy01 nginx[5613]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) 8月 11 00:23:21 chy01 nginx[5613]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) 8月 11 00:23:22 chy01 nginx[5613]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) 8月 11 00:23:22 chy01 nginx[5613]: nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 nginx[5613]: nginx: [emerg] still could not bind() 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 nginx[5613]: [失敗] 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 systemd[1]: nginx.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: http service.. 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 systemd[1]: Unit nginx.service entered failed state. 8月 11 00:23:23 chy01 systemd[1]: nginx.service failed. (可以看到提示錯誤nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use) 提示的意思為80端口被使用) [root@chy01 conf]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl stop (將http關閉) [root@chy01 conf]# /etc/init.d/nginx start Starting nginx (via systemctl): [ 確定 ] (在進行啟動,啟動成功) [root@chy01 conf]# ps aux |grep nginx root 5655 0.0 0.0 20484 628 ? Ss 00:24 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf nobody 5656 0.0 0.2 22928 3216 ? S 00:24 0:00 nginx: worker process nobody 5657 0.0 0.2 22928 3216 ? S 00:24 0:00 nginx: worker process root 5672 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 S+ 00:26 0:00 grep --color=auto nginx (可以看到子進程為root,主進程為nobody) [root@chy01 conf]# curl localhost <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style>body {width: 35em;margin: 0 auto;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;} </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p><p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p><p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> (nginx 進行測試) [root@chy01 conf]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/1.php (創建一個php的測試文件 <?php echo "this is nginx test page"; [root@chy01 conf]# curl localhost/1.php this is nginx test page[root@chy01 conf]# (如上解析成功) 本文轉自我不是瘦子51CTO博客,原文鏈接:http://blog.51cto.com/chy940405/2049295,如需轉載請自行聯系原作者

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