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LNMT部署详细步骤并实现动静分离和负载均衡

發布時間：2025/7/14 编程问答 26 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 LNMT部署详细步骤并实现动静分离和负载均衡小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

實驗環境

主機名IP操作系統所需配置

A	192.168.24.131	centos7	2個Tomcat
B	192.168.24.146	centos7	mysql，nginx

實驗需求

主機B作為nginx服務器，主機A作為2個Tomcat服務器，客戶端發來的請求首先經由nginx處理，由nignx反代至后端的Tomcat服務器實現負載均衡

實驗部署如下

在主機A操作如下

部署2個Tomcat服務器

實驗準備

關閉防火墻以及SELINX

[root@linfan ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@linfan ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@linfan ~]# sed -ri 's/^(SELINUX=).*/\1disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config [root@linfan ~]# setenforce 0 setenforce: SELinux is disabled

安裝yum源

[root@linfan ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ [root@linfan yum.repos.d]# curl -o 163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time CurrentDload Upload Total Spent Left Speed 100 1572 100 1572 0 0 9484 0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 9527 [root@linfan yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/163.repo [root@linfan yum.repos.d]# sed -i 's/enabled=0/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/163.repo [root@linfan yum.repos.d]# yum clean all yum.repos.d]# yum -y install epel-release Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Cleaning repos: base centosplus extras updates Cleaning up everything Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

java環境安裝

安裝jdk環境

[root@linfan ~]# yum -y install java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel

查看安裝版本

[root@linfan ~]# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_181" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-b13) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)

tomcat部署

下載tomcat

[root@linfan ~]cd /usr/src [root@linfan src]# wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.8/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz [root@linfan src]# ls apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz debug kernels

解壓部署
因為要部署2個tomcal，所以這里要實現2次解壓

//第一次解壓 root@linfan src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@linfan src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@linfan local]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ doudou //解壓后重命名為doudou，防止第二次解壓在同一目錄下同名 [root@linfan local]# ls doudou bin conf lib LICENSE logs NOTICE RELEASE-NOTES RUNNING.txt temp webapps work //第二次解壓 [root@linfan local]# cd /usr/src [root@linfan src]# ls apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz debug kernels [root@linfan src]# tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@linfan src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@linfan local]# ls apache-tomcat-9.0.8 bin doudou etc games include lib lib64 libexec nginx sbin share src [root@linfan local]# ln -s doudou/ tomcat1 //軟連接為tomcat1 [root@linfan local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.8/ tomcat2 //軟連接為tomcat2 [root@linfan local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 160 Sep 5 01:36 apache-tomcat-9.0.8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 bin drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 160 Sep 5 01:34 doudou drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 libexec drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 151 Sep 3 03:16 nginx drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Aug 30 04:37 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 src lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 5 01:37 tomcat1 -> doudou/ lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 20 Sep 5 01:37 tomcat2 -> apache-tomcat-9.0.8/

為了避免端口沖突，修改tomcat配置文件的端口號（修改其中一個即可）在這里我修改tomcat1的配置文件
tomcat1的端口改為8081

[root@linfan ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat1/conf/server.xml ... ...--> <Server port="8006" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">//修改為8006<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" /> ... ...--><Connector port="8081" //修改為8081protocol="HTTP/1.1"connectionTimeout="20000"redirectPort="8444" />//修改為8444<!-- ......<Connector port="8010" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8444" />//修改為8010 修改為8444<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

在2個Tomcat上寫不同字樣的java頁面

tomcat1 寫“666”
tomcat2寫“888”

[root@linfan src]# cd /usr/local/tomcat1/webapps/ [root@linfan webapps]# ls docs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@linfan webapps]# mkdir test [root@linfan webapps]# cd test [root@linfan test]# vim index.jsp [root@linfan test]# tail index.jsp <html> <head><title>test page</title> </head> <body><%out.println("666");%> </body> </html> [root@linfan test]# cd /usr/local/tomcat2/webapps/ [root@linfan webapps]# ls docs examples host-manager manager ROOT [root@linfan webapps]# mkdir test [root@linfan webapps]# cd test [root@linfan test]# vim index.jsp [root@linfan test]# tail index.jsp <html> <head><title>test page</title> </head> <body><%out.println("888");%> </body> </html>

開啟2個tomcat服務

[root@linfan ~]# /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat1 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat1 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat1/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@linfan ~]# /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/catalina.sh start Using CATALINA_BASE: /usr/local/tomcat2 Using CATALINA_HOME: /usr/local/tomcat2 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat2/temp Using JRE_HOME: /usr Using CLASSPATH: /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar Tomcat started. [root@linfan ~]# ss -natl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8081 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8006 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8009 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8010 :::* [root@linfan ~]# ps -ef |grep tomcat1 root 2268 1 11 02:00 pts/1 00:00:03 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat1/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat1/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat1/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat1 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat1 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat1/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 2374 1919 0 02:00 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat1 [root@linfan ~]# ps -ef |grep tomcat2 root 2323 1 15 02:00 pts/1 00:00:03 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat2/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat2/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat2/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat2 -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat2 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat2/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start root 2376 1919 0 02:00 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tomcat2

驗證

在瀏覽器分別輸入192.168.24.131:8080/test和192.168.24.131:8081/test

得出以上2個頁面說明2個tomcat服務部署成功

在主機B上部署

在此主機上安裝nginx 和 mysql

實驗準備

關閉防火墻以及SELINX

安裝yum源

安裝nginx

創建系統用戶

[root@linfan ~]# groupadd -r nginx [root@linfan ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g nginx nginx

安裝依賴環境

[root@linfan ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel [root@linfan ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile* epel: mirrors.aliyun.com Marked install: Development Tools

創建日志存放目錄

[root@linfan ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx [root@linfan ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx

下載nginx

[root@linfan ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@linfan src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz --2018-08-24 13:26:36-- http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 95.211.80.227, 206.251.255.63, 2606:7100:1:69::3f, ... Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org)|95.211.80.227|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found Location: http://64.123.28.133/files/21490000000827F6/nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz [following] --2018-08-24 13:26:36-- http://64.123.28.133/files/21490000000827F6/nginx.org/download/nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz Connecting to 64.123.28.133:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1016272 (992K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: ‘nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz’100%[================================================================================>] 1,016,272 --.-K/s in 0.1s2018-08-24 13:26:36 (8.10 MB/s) - ‘nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz’ saved [1016272/1016272]

編譯安裝

root@linfan src]# ls debug kernels nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz [root@linfan src]# tar xf nginx-1.14.0.tar.gz [root@linfan src]# cd nginx-1.14.0 [root@linfan nginx-1.14.0]# ./configure \ > --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ > --user=nginx \ > --group=nginx \ > --with-debug \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_realip_module \ > --with-http_image_filter_module \ > --with-http_gunzip_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ > --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log [root@linfan nginx-1.14.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install

配置變量環境

[root@linfan ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh [root@linfan ~]# . /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh

啟動nginx

[root@linfan ~]# nginx [root@linfan ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*

安裝mysql

安裝依賴包

[root@linfan ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel

創建用戶和組

[root@linfan ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql [root@linfan ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 -u 306 mysql

下載二進制格式的mysql軟件包

[root@linfan ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@linfan src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解壓軟件至/usr/local/

[root@linfan src]# ls apr-1.6.3 apr-util-1.6.1 debug mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz apr-1.6.3.tar.bz2 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.bz2 kernels [root@linfan src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ [root@linfan src]# ls /usr/local/ apache apr-util etc include lib64 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 share apr bin games lib libexec sbin src [root@linfan src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@linfan local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql ‘mysql’ -> ‘mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’ [root@linfan local]# ll total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 152 Aug 17 12:46 apache drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 58 Aug 17 12:35 apr drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 43 Aug 17 12:40 apr-util drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 libexec lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 36 Aug 17 13:54 mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Aug 17 13:30 mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Jul 11 15:44 share drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 src

修改目錄/usr/locaal/mysql的屬主屬組

[root@linfan ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql [root@linfan ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql -d lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Aug 17 13:54 /usr/local/mysql -> mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/

添加環境變量

[root@linfan ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql bin COPYING docs include lib man README share support-files [root@linfan ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@linfan ~]# . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@linfan ~]# echo $PATH /usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

建立數據存放目錄

[root@linfan ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql [root@linfan mysql]# mkdir /opt/data [root@linfan mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/ [root@linfan mysql]# ll /opt/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 17 14:05 data drwxr-xr-x. 8 root root 220 Jul 18 17:09 lin.d

初始化數據庫

[root@linfan mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data/ 2018-08-17T06:08:33.347313Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2018-08-17T06:08:33.873415Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2018-08-17T06:08:33.953310Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2018-08-17T06:08:34.016549Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: f8e46285-a1e3-11e8-b6bf-000c29c9d4ed. 2018-08-17T06:08:34.019542Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2018-08-17T06:08:34.023380Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: B<HiGFoc.8yZ //這個命令的最后會生成一個臨時密碼，此處密碼是B<HiGFoc.8yZ

配置mysql

[root@linfan ~]# ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/local/include/mysql ‘/usr/local/include/mysql’ -> ‘/usr/local/mysql/include/’ [root@linfan ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf [root@linfan ~]# ldconfig -v

生成配置文件

[root@linfan ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF > [mysqld] > basedir = /usr/local/mysql > datadir = /opt/data > socket = /tmp/mysql.sock > port = 3306 > pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid > user = mysql > skip-name-resolve > EOF

配置服務啟動腳本

[root@linfan ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@linfan ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@linfan ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld

啟動mysql

[root@linfan ~]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/linfan.err'.SUCCESS! [root@linfan ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 52200 1 0 14:25 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/data --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid mysql 52378 52200 4 14:25 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/opt/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=linfan.err --pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 52408 2998 0 14:25 pts/1 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@linfan ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::*

修改密碼
使用臨時密碼修改

[root@linfan ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.22Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> set password = password('linfan123'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> quit Bye

配置nginx

在配置文件中配置nginx作為后端服務器192.168.24.131中2個tomcal的反向代理

[root@linfan ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ... ... http {include mime.types;default_type application/octet-stream;#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';#access_log logs/access.log main;sendfile on;#tcp_nopush on;#keepalive_timeout 0;keepalive_timeout 65; //在此添加以下內容upstream tomcat {server 192.168.24.131:8080;server 192.168.24.131:8081;} server {listen 80;server_name localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log logs/host.access.log main;location / {root html;index index.html index.htm;在此添加以下內容}location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {proxy_pass http://tomcat;}

測試語法并加載nginx

[root@linfan ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful [root@linfan ~]# nginx -s reload

在ngin的網頁根目錄下面寫入內容

[root@linfan logs]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/ [root@linfan html]# echo "111" >> index.html

驗證

在瀏覽器上輸入192.168.24.146

在瀏覽器輸入192.168.24.146/test/index.jsp并不斷刷新網頁

發現不斷輪詢，說明成功實現負載均衡的效果
###實驗小結

發現當訪問靜態網頁時，映射到nginx的網頁目錄下
當訪問動態網頁時，映射到tomcat的網頁目錄下
實現了動靜分離
當不斷刷新192.168.24.146/test/index.jsp時，不斷輪詢，實現了負載均衡

轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/13858192/2170655

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