【前言】測試環(huán)境中經(jīng)常需要多臺mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫來進(jìn)行各種環(huán)境和場景的模擬，由于測試環(huán)境中的資源一般都是比較有限的，也就需要在一臺服務(wù)器上面搭建多個mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫來完成測試的需求。本文檔介紹在Centos6.4的環(huán)境中安裝多個mysql 5.7數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作方法。

【1】mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件的安裝

mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫軟件官方提供了三種的安裝文件和方法，如下：

• RPM方式安裝
• 二進(jìn)制方式安裝
• 源碼編譯安裝

雖然源碼安裝的方式比較麻煩，但是個人還是習(xí)慣用源碼的方案安裝，mysql5.7的安裝跟早起5.5的安裝方式和步驟也幾乎一樣所以這里就不再說明了。

【2】創(chuàng)建多個數(shù)據(jù)庫

軟件的安裝完成其實都是一樣的，就是創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫的時候有點不一樣。

2.1 進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)文件目錄的規(guī)劃，本環(huán)境安裝了5個數(shù)據(jù)庫，在/data下面創(chuàng)建5個文件夾，并用端口號區(qū)分

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

[root@db01 data]# pwd

/data

[root@db01 data]# ll

drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 7月 8 05:00 mysql3306

drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 7月 20 21:46 mysql3307

drwxr-xr-x. 7 mysql mysql 4096 7月 20 21:46 mysql3308

drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 7月 20 21:46 mysql3309

drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 7月 20 21:46 mysql3310

2.2 進(jìn)行參數(shù)文件的配置

點擊(此處)折疊或打開 [root@db01 data]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld_multi] mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe #basedir = /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin user = mysql pass = mysql #password = mysql #bindir = /usr/local/mysql/bin [mysqld7] port = 3307 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock7 pid-file = /data/mysql3307/hostname.pid7 datadir = /data/mysql3307 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql log-bin = /data/mysql3307/bin-log server_id = 7 gtid_mode = ON enforce-gtid-consistency=TRUE log_slave_updates= ON #skip-grant-tables [mysqld8] socket = /tmp/mysql.sock8 port = 3308 pid-file = /data/mysql3308/hostname.pid8 datadir = /data/mysql3308 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql #skip-grant-tables log-bin = /data/mysql3308/bin-log server_id=8 gtid_mode=ON enforce-gtid-consistency=TRUE log_slave_updates= ON [mysqld9] socket = /tmp/mysql.sock9 port = 3309 pid-file = /data/mysql3309/hostname.pid9 datadir = /data/mysql3309 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql #skip-grant-tables log-bin = /data/mysql3309/bin-log server_id= 9 gtid_mode=ON enforce-gtid-consistency=TRUE log_slave_updates= ON [mysqld10] socket = /tmp/mysql.sock10 port = 3310 pid-file = /data/mysql3310/hostname.pid10 datadir = /data/mysql3310 user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql #skip-grant-tables log-bin = /data/mysql3310/bin-log server_id= 10 gtid_mode=ON enforce-gtid-consistency=TRUE log_slave_updates= ON

2.3 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫，創(chuàng)建的過程中需要記錄數(shù)據(jù)庫的初始密碼

依次創(chuàng)建其他數(shù)據(jù)庫，記錄默認(rèn)的隨機(jī)密碼

mysql3307的安裝 點擊(此處)折疊或打開 [root@db01 data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --datadir=/data/mysql3307 2017-07-20T14:31:01.890314Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-07-20T14:31:09.081679Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-07-20T14:31:09.626403Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-07-20T14:31:09.867983Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 12d65efe-6d58-11e7-9d39-000c29a755d3. 2017-07-20T14:31:09.873982Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-07-20T14:31:09.923044Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: wAQ*p>.O:4,p

• mysql3308的安裝

[root@db01 mysql3307]# cat auto.cnf [auto] server-uuid=12d65efe-6d58-11e7-9d39-000c29a755d3 [root@db01 mysql3307]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --datadir=/data/mysql3308 2017-07-20T14:32:36.027225Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2017-07-20T14:32:38.601806Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2017-07-20T14:32:39.071963Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2017-07-20T14:32:39.167438Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 48106897-6d58-11e7-a1b9-000c29a755d3. 2017-07-20T14:32:39.172770Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2017-07-20T14:32:39.212540Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ak3XwQpb=ta0

• mysql3309的安裝

[root@db01 mysql3307]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --datadir=/data/mysql3309

2017-07-20T14:33:32.801680Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-07-20T14:33:35.102950Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2017-07-20T14:33:35.443411Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2017-07-20T14:33:35.557451Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 69acd736-6d58-11e7-a436-000c29a755d3.

2017-07-20T14:33:35.562713Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2017-07-20T14:33:35.607109Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: sDXL5hh61I>R

• 數(shù)據(jù)庫mysql3310
  

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

[root@db01 mysql3307]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --datadir=/data/mysql3310

2017-07-20T14:34:14.881243Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).

2017-07-20T14:34:17.227399Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2017-07-20T14:34:17.744012Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.

2017-07-20T14:34:17.904000Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 82ea694b-6d58-11e7-a566-000c29a755d3.

2017-07-20T14:34:17.908498Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.

2017-07-20T14:34:17.923365Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Rq4*Teq#l;Ve

【3】修改數(shù)據(jù)庫的初始密碼

先啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫

[root@db01 mysql3307]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start

修改默認(rèn)密碼

[root@db01 mysql3307]# mysqladmin -u root -p -P 3307 -S /tmp/mysql.sock7 password

Enter password: 輸入默認(rèn)密碼

New password:

Confirm new password:

Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫

[root@db01 mysql3307]# mysql -P 3307 -S /tmp/mysql.sock7 -u root –p

用默認(rèn)的密碼登錄會有以下的提示信息：

點擊(此處)折疊或打開

mysql> show databases;

ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

【4】設(shè)置mysqld_multi stop的關(guān)閉權(quán)限

默認(rèn)的情況下，不能通過mysqld_multi關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫，需要進(jìn)行額外的設(shè)置，步驟如下：

創(chuàng)建mysql關(guān)閉的用戶
點擊(此處)折疊或打開

[root@db01 mysql3307]# mysql -u root -p -P 3310 -S /tmp/mysql.sock10

Enter password:

mysql> grant shutdown on *.* to 'mysql'@'localhost' identified by 'mysql';

mysql> flush privileges

設(shè)置參數(shù)文件的賬戶
點擊(此處)折疊或打開

[root@db01 mysql3307]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld_multi]

mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

#basedir = /usr/local/mysql

mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

user = mysql

pass = mysql

通過以上的操作，便完成了在單臺服務(wù)器上面安裝多個mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫的操作；

附加：常用的操作語句

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start #啟動所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi start 7 #啟動單臺數(shù)據(jù)庫

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop #關(guān)閉所有的數(shù)據(jù)庫

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_multi stop 7 #關(guān)閉單臺數(shù)據(jù)庫

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