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How to install OpenCV 3.x in Linux

發布時間：2025/7/25 linux 36 豆豆

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Installation in Linux

依賴包安裝

GCC 4.4.x or later
CMake 2.8.7 or higher
Git
GTK+2.x or higher, including headers (libgtk2.0-dev)
pkg-config
Python 2.6 or later and Numpy 1.5 or later with developer packages (python-dev, python-numpy)
ffmpeg or libav development packages: libavcodec-dev, libavformat-dev, libswscale-dev
[optional] libtbb2 libtbb-dev
[optional] libdc1394 2.x
[optional] libjpeg-dev, libpng-dev, libtiff-dev, libjasper-dev, libdc1394-22-dev

以上包可以使用終端，按照下面的命令安裝；或者使用Synaptic Manager安裝:

[compiler] sudo apt-get install build-essential [required] sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev [optional] sudo apt-get install python-dev python-numpy libtbb2 libtbb-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libtiff-dev libjasper-dev libdc1394-22-dev

方式１

OpenCV源代碼下載

可以使用 sourceforge 上最新穩定版的OpenCV，或者從 Git repository上下載.

下載最近穩定版OpenCV下載

Go to our?page on Sourceforge;
Download the source tarball and unpack it.

?Git分支下載OpenCV

Launch Git client and clone?OpenCV repository　

?If you need modules from?OpenCV contrib repository?then clone it too.

In Linux it can be achieved with the following command in Terminal:

cd ~/<my_working _directory> git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv.git git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_contrib.git?

CMake命令行模式編譯

Create a temporary directory, which we denote as <cmake_build_dir>, where you want to put the generated Makefiles, project files as well the object files and output binaries and enter there.

For example

1?cd ~/opencv 2?mkdir build 3?cd build

Configuring. Run cmake [<some optional parameters>] <path to the OpenCV source directory>

For example

1?cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local ..

or cmake-gui

set full path to OpenCV source code, e.g. /home/user/opencv
set full path to <cmake_build_dir>, e.g. /home/user/opencv/build
set optional parameters
run: “Configure”
run: “Generate”

Description of some parameters

build type:?CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release\Debug
to build with modules from opencv_contrib set OPENCV_EXTRA_MODULES_PATH to <path to opencv_contrib/modules/>
set BUILD_DOCS for building documents
set BUILD_EXAMPLES to build all examples

[optional] Building python. Set the following python parameters:

PYTHON2(3)_EXECUTABLE = <path to python>
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR = /usr/include/python<version>
PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR2 = /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/python<version>
PYTHON_LIBRARY = /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython<version>.so
PYTHON2(3)_NUMPY_INCLUDE_DIRS = /usr/lib/python<version>/dist-packages/numpy/core/include/

[optional] Building java.

Unset parameter: BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
It is useful also to unset BUILD_EXAMPLES, BUILD_TESTS, BUILD_PERF_TESTS - as they all will be statically linked with OpenCV and can take a lot of memory.

Build. From build directory execute make, recomend to do it in several threads

For example

1?make -j7 # runs 7 jobs in parallel

[optional] Building documents. Enter <cmake_build_dir/doc/> and run make with target "html_docs"

For example

1?cd ~/opencv/build/doc/ 2?make -j7 html_docs

To install libraries, from build directory execute 1?sudo make install

[optional] Running tests

Get the required test data from?OpenCV extra repository.

For example

1?git clone https://github.com/Itseez/opencv_extra.git

set OPENCV_TEST_DATA_PATH environment variable to <path to opencv_extra/testdata>.
execute tests from build directory.

For example

1?<cmake_build_dir>/bin/opencv_test_core

Note

If the size of the created library is a critical issue (like in case of an Android build) you can use the install/strip command to get the smallest size as possible. The?stripped?version appears to be twice as small. However, we do not recommend using this unless those extra megabytes do really matter.

方式２

?編譯工具安裝

終端下， root 權限執行以下命令：

apt-get install cmake cmake-gui

?啟動cmake-gui

以ＯｐｅｎＣＶ３．１為例子，如上圖設置源代碼路徑（比如：/media/Data1/install_pkg/opencv-3.1.0）和編譯結果路徑（比如：/media/Data1/install_pkg/build_opencv3.1）。

然后點擊“Configure”按鈕。選擇使用Makefile生成的系統平臺。

點擊“Finish”，等待（中間可能存在下載依賴包的過程，會比較慢）環境測試完成，進行編譯配置設置。

根據需要設置：

１）編譯后的安裝路徑

２）編譯的類型，靜態庫或者動態庫形式

３）選擇需要安裝的包或者模塊，是否支持GPU等

點擊“generate”生成Makefile。

然后，終端下轉到/media/Data1/install_pkg/build_opencv3.1下，執行以下命令：make進行編譯；然后，執行make install　進行安裝（root目錄的話需要root權限）。

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