IplImage簡介

結構定義：

typedef struct _IplImage {int nSize; /* sizeof(IplImage) */int ID; /* version (=0)*/int nChannels; /* Most of OpenCV functions support 1,2,3 or 4 channels */int alphaChannel; /* Ignored by OpenCV */int depth; /* Pixel depth in bits: IPL_DEPTH_8U, IPL_DEPTH_8S, IPL_DEPTH_16S,IPL_DEPTH_32S, IPL_DEPTH_32F and IPL_DEPTH_64F are supported. */char colorModel[4]; /* Ignored by OpenCV */char channelSeq[4]; /* ditto */int dataOrder; /* 0 - interleaved color channels, 1 - separate color channels.cvCreateImage can only create interleaved images */int origin; /* 0 - top-left origin,1 - bottom-left origin (Windows bitmaps style). */int align; /* Alignment of image rows (4 or 8).OpenCV ignores it and uses widthStep instead. */int width; /* Image width in pixels. */int height; /* Image height in pixels. */struct _IplROI *roi; /* Image ROI. If NULL, the whole image is selected. */struct _IplImage *maskROI; /* Must be NULL. */void *imageId; /* " " */struct _IplTileInfo *tileInfo; /* " " */int imageSize; /* Image data size in bytes(==image->height*image->widthStepin case of interleaved data)*/char *imageData; /* Pointer to aligned image data. */int widthStep; /* Size of aligned image row in bytes. */int BorderMode[4]; /* Ignored by OpenCV. */int BorderConst[4]; /* Ditto. */char *imageDataOrigin; /* Pointer to very origin of image data(not necessarily aligned) -needed for correct deallocation */ } IplImage;

typedef struct _IplImage{int nSize; /* IplImage大小 */int ID; /* 版本 (=0)*/int nChannels; /* 大多數OPENCV函數支持1,2,3 或 4 個通道 */int alphaChannel; /* 被OpenCV忽略 */int depth; /* 像素的位深度: IPL_DEPTH_8U, IPL_DEPTH_8S, IPL_DEPTH_16U,IPL_DEPTH_16S, IPL_DEPTH_32S, IPL_DEPTH_32F and IPL_DEPTH_64F 可支持 */char colorModel[4]; /* 被OpenCV忽略 */char channelSeq[4]; /* 同上 */int dataOrder; /* 0 - 交叉存取顏色通道, 1 - 分開的顏色通道.cvCreateImage只能創建交叉存取圖像 */int origin; /* 0 - 頂—左結構,1 - 底—左結構 (Windows bitmaps 風格) */int align; /* 圖像行排列 (4 or 8). OpenCV 忽略它，使用 widthStep 代替 */int width; /* 圖像寬像素數 */int height; /* 圖像高像素數*/struct _IplROI *roi;/* 圖像感興趣區域. 當該值非空只對該區域進行處理 */struct _IplImage *maskROI; /* 在 OpenCV中必須置NULL */void *imageId; /* 同上*/struct _IplTileInfo *tileInfo; /*同上*/int imageSize; /* 圖像數據大小(在交叉存取格式下imageSize=image->height*image->widthStep），單位字節*/char *imageData; /* 指向排列的圖像數據 */int widthStep; /* 排列的圖像行大小，以字節為單位 */int BorderMode[4]; /* 邊際結束模式, 被OpenCV忽略 */int BorderConst[4]; /* 同上 */char *imageDataOrigin; /* 指針指向一個不同的圖像數據結構（不是必須排列的），是為了糾正圖像內存分配準備的 */}IplImage;

The IplImage is taken from the Intel Image Processing Library, in which the format is native. OpenCV only supports a subset of possibleIplImage formats, as outlined in the parameter list above.

In addition to the above restrictions, OpenCV handles ROIs differently. OpenCV functions require that the image size or ROI size of all source and destination images match exactly. On the other hand, the Intel Image Processing Library processes the area of intersection between the source and destination images (or ROIs), allowing them to vary independently.

Member Function Documentation

IplImage::_IplImage ( ? ) ?

inline

IplImage::_IplImage

(

const cv::Mat &?

m

)

?

Member Data Documentation

int IplImage::align

Alignment of image rows (4 or 8). OpenCV ignores it and uses widthStep instead.

int IplImage::alphaChannel

Ignored by OpenCV

int IplImage::BorderConst[4]

Ditto.

int IplImage::BorderMode[4]

Ignored by OpenCV.

char IplImage::channelSeq[4]

ditto

char IplImage::colorModel[4]

Ignored by OpenCV

int IplImage::dataOrder

0 - interleaved color channels, 1 - separate color channels. cvCreateImage can only create interleaved images

int IplImage::depth

Pixel depth in bits: IPL_DEPTH_8U, IPL_DEPTH_8S, IPL_DEPTH_16S, IPL_DEPTH_32S, IPL_DEPTH_32F and IPL_DEPTH_64F are supported.

int IplImage::height

Image height in pixels.

int IplImage::ID

version (=0)

char* IplImage::imageData

Pointer to aligned image data.

char* IplImage::imageDataOrigin

Pointer to very origin of image data (not necessarily aligned) - needed for correct deallocation

void* IplImage::imageId

" "

int IplImage::imageSize

Image data size in bytes (==image->height*image->widthStep in case of interleaved data)

struct _IplImage* IplImage::maskROI

Must be NULL.

int IplImage::nChannels

Most of OpenCV functions support 1,2,3 or 4 channels

int IplImage::nSize

sizeof(IplImage)

int IplImage::origin

0 - top-left origin, 1 - bottom-left origin (Windows bitmaps style).

struct _IplROI* IplImage::roi

Image ROI. If NULL, the whole image is selected.

struct _IplTileInfo* IplImage::tileInfo

" "

int IplImage::width

Image width in pixels.

int IplImage::widthStep

Size of aligned image row in bytes.

數據的訪問存取

下面看一個圖像數據存取的例子：

例子轉自：http://blog.csdn.net/to_utopia/article/details/4856171

1.直接存取: (效率高, 但容易出錯)

• 對單通道字節圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j]=111;
• 對多通道字節圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G ((uchar *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R
• 對多通道浮點圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 0]=111; // B ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 1]=112; // G ((float *)(img->imageData + i*img->widthStep))[j*img->nChannels + 2]=113; // R

2.用指針直接存取 : (在某些情況下簡單高效)

• 對單通道字節圖像:

IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar); uchar* data = (uchar *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j] = 111;

• 對多通道字節圖像:

IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar); int channels = img->nChannels; uchar* data = (uchar *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;

• 對多通道浮點圖像(假設用4字節調整):

IplImage* img = cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); int height = img->height; int width = img->width; int step = img->widthStep/sizeof(float); int channels = img->nChannels; float * data = (float *)img->imageData; data[i*step+j*channels+k] = 111;

3.使用 c++ wrapper 進行直接存取: (簡單高效)

?

• 對單/多通道字節圖像，多通道浮點圖像定義一個?c++ wrapper: template<class T> class Image {private:IplImage* imgp;public:Image(IplImage* img=0) {imgp=img;}~Image(){imgp=0;}void operator=(IplImage* img) {imgp=img;}inline T* operator[](const int rowIndx) {return ((T *)(imgp->imageData + rowIndx*imgp->widthStep));} };typedef struct{unsigned char b,g,r; } RgbPixel;typedef struct{float b,g,r; } RgbPixelFloat;typedef Image<RgbPixel> RgbImage; typedef Image<RgbPixelFloat> RgbImageFloat; typedef Image<unsigned char> BwImage; typedef Image<float> BwImageFloat;

  ?

• 單通道字節圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1); BwImage imgA(img); imgA[i][j] = 111;

  ?

• 多通道字節圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3); RgbImage imgA(img); imgA[i][j].b = 111; imgA[i][j].g = 111; imgA[i][j].r = 111;

  ?

• 多通道浮點圖像: IplImage* img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3); RgbImageFloat imgA(img); imgA[i][j].b = 111; imgA[i][j].g = 111;imgA[i][j].r = 111;

其他示例：

直接訪問：

對我們來說比較重要的兩個元素是：char *imageData以及widthStep。imageData存放圖像像素數據，而widStep類似CvMat中的step，表示以字節為單位的行數據長度。

一個m*n的單通道字節型圖像，其imageData排列如下：

如果我們要遍歷圖像中的元素，只需：

[cpp] view plaincopy

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);??

uchar*?tmp;??

for(int?i=0;i<img->height;i++)??

????for(int?j=0;j<img->width;j++)??

????????*tmp=((uchar?*)(img->imageData?+?i*img->widthStep))[j];??

這種直接訪問的方法速度快，但容易出錯，我們可以通過定義指針來訪問。即：

[cpp] view plaincopy

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);??

ucha*?data=(uchar?*)img->imageData;??

int?step?=?img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar);??

uchar*?tmp;??

for(int?i=0;i<img->height;i++)??

????for(int?j=0;j<img->width;j++)??

????????*tmp=data[i*step+j];??

而多通道（三通道）字節圖像中，imageData排列如下：

其中（Bi,Bj）（Gi,Gj）（Ri,Rj）表示圖像（i,j）處BGR分量的值。使用指針的遍歷方法如下：

[cpp] view plaincopy

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);??

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,3);??

uchar*?data=(uchar?*)img->imageData;??

int?step?=?img->widthStep/sizeof(uchar);??

int?channels?=?img->nChannels;??

uchar?*b,*g,*r;??

for(int?i=0;i<img->height;i++)??

?????for(int?j=0;j<img->width;j++){??

???????????*b=data[i*step+j*chanels+0];??

???????????*g=data[i*step+j*chanels+1];??

???????????*r=data[i*step+j*chanels+2];??

??????}??

*如果要修改某像素值，則直接賦值。

使用cvGet2D()函數訪問：

cvGet*D系列函數可以用來返回特定位置的數組元素（一般使用cvGet2D），原型如下： [cpp] view plaincopy

CvScalar?cvGet1D(?const?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0?);??

CvScalar?cvGet2D(?const?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0,?int?idx1?);??

CvScalar?cvGet3D(?const?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0,?int?idx1,?int?idx2?);??

CvScalar?cvGetND(?const?CvArr*?arr,?int*?idx?);??

idx0,idx1,idx2分別用來指示元素數組下標，即cvGet2D返回（idx0,idx1）處元素的值。
因此，單通道圖像像素訪問方式如下： [cpp] view plaincopy

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_8U,1);??

double?tmp;??

for(int?i=0;i<img->height;i++)??

????for(int?j=0;j<img->width;j++)??

????????tmp=cvGet2D(img,i,j).val[0];??

多通道字節型/浮點型圖像： [cpp] view plaincopy

IplImage*?img=cvCreateImage(cvSize(640,480),IPL_DEPTH_32F,3);??

double?tmpb,tmpg,bmpr;??

for(int?i=0;i<img->height;i++)??

????for(int?j=0;j<img->width;j++){??

????????tmpb=cvGet2D(img,i,j).val[0];??

????????tmpg=cvGet2D(img,i,j).val[1];??

????????tmpr=cvGet2D(img,i,j).val[2];??

????}??

如果是修改元素的值，可用cvSet*D（一般是cvSet2D）函數： [cpp] view plaincopy

void?cvSet1D(?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0,?CvScalar?value?);??

void?cvSet2D(?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0,?int?idx1,?CvScalar?value?);??

void?cvSet3D(?CvArr*?arr,?int?idx0,?int?idx1,?int?idx2,?CvScalar?value?);??

void?cvSetND(?CvArr*?arr,?int*?idx,?CvScalar?value?);??

這種方法對于任何圖像的訪問方式是一樣的，比較簡單，但效率較低，不推薦使用。
參考文檔
http://blog.csdn.net/xiaowei_cqu/article/details/7557063#

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