Linux添加用户组和添加用户
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Linux添加用户组和添加用户
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1.用戶組
- 添加組：groupadd 組名
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupadd dev [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep dev dev:x:10011: [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
- 刪除組：groupdel 組名
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupdel dev [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep dev [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
- 查詢組：cat /etc/group 或者使用管道來精確查詢 cat /etc/group | grep dev
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group root:x:0: bin:x:1: daemon:x:2: sys:x:3: adm:x:4: tty:x:5: disk:x:6: lp:x:7: mem:x:8: kmem:x:9: wheel:x:10: cdrom:x:11: mail:x:12:postfix man:x:15: dialout:x:18: floppy:x:19: games:x:20: tape:x:30: video:x:39: ftp:x:50: lock:x:54: audio:x:63: nobody:x:99: users:x:100: utmp:x:22: utempter:x:35: ssh_keys:x:999: input:x:998: systemd-journal:x:190: systemd-bus-proxy:x:997: systemd-network:x:192: dbus:x:81: polkitd:x:996: tss:x:59: dip:x:40: postdrop:x:90: postfix:x:89: sshd:x:74: check:x:1000:check cfyuser:x:10000: consul:x:10002: rabbitmq:x:10003: mysql:x:10009: prometheus:x:10004: grafana:x:10005: logstash:x:10006: nginx:x:995: tomcat:x:10008: guanbin:x:10010: dev:x:10011:
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? ? ? ? /etc 目錄是專門用來保存?系統配置信息?的目錄
? ? ? ? group 是保存組信息的文件
2.用戶
- ?添加用戶：useradd -m -g 組 新建用戶名? ? ? ? ? ? 注意：-m 自動建立用戶家目錄； -g 指定用戶所在的組，否則會建立一個和用戶名同名的組?
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# useradd -m -g dev test1 [root@Server-n93yom ~]#dev為用戶組，test1為用戶名
- 查詢用戶：在/etc/passwd文件下存儲的是用戶的list
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/passwd root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin check:x:1000:1000:check:/home/check:/bin/bash cfyuser:x:10000:10000::/home/cfyuser:/bin/bash consul:x:10002:10002::/opt/cloudchef/consul:/sbin/nologin rabbitmq:x:10003:10003::/etc/rabbitmq:/sbin/nologin mysql:x:10009:10009::/home/mysql:/bin/bash prometheus:x:10004:10004::/home/prometheus:/sbin/nologin grafana:x:10005:10005::/home/grafana:/bin/bash logstash:x:10006:10006::/home/logstash:/bin/bash nginx:x:997:995:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin tomcat:x:10008:10008::/opt/cloudchef/tomcat:/sbin/nologin test:x:10010:10010::/home/test:/bin/bash test1:x:10011:10011::/home/test1:/bin/bash
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- 只查找test1用戶
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# id test1 uid=10011(test1) gid=10011(dev) groups=10011(dev) [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
uid為用戶id,? gid為組id
- 修改和創建密碼 passwd 用戶名? ? 如果不加用戶名則默認修改當前登錄者的密碼
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd test1 Changing password for user test1. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
設置好密碼后，使用此賬號和密碼登錄
? ~ ssh test1@192.168.85.163 test1@192.168.85.163's password: Last failed login: Mon Jul 22 17:00:05 CST 2019 from 192.168.1.53 on ssh:notty There were 3 failed login attempts since the last successful login. [test1@Server-n93yom ~]$
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- 設置用戶不能修改密碼
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -l test1 //在root下，禁止test1用戶修改密碼的權限 Locking password for user test1. //鎖住test1不能修改密碼 passwd: Success [root@Server-n93yom ~]# su test1 //切換用戶 [test1@Server-n93yom root]$ passwd //修改密碼 Changing password for user test1. Changing password for test1. (current) UNIX password: passwd: Authentication token manipulation error //沒用權限修改密碼 [test1@Server-n93yom root]$
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- 清除密碼
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -d test1 //刪除test1的密碼 Removing password for user test1. passwd: Success [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -S test1 //查看test1的密碼 test1 NP 2019-07-22 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.) //密碼為空 [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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- passwd 幫助命令
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd --help Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>-k, --keep-tokens keep non-expired authentication tokens-d, --delete delete the password for the named account (root only)-l, --lock lock the password for the named account (root only)-u, --unlock unlock the password for the named account (root only)-e, --expire expire the password for the named account (root only)-f, --force force operation-x, --maximum=DAYS maximum password lifetime (root only)-n, --minimum=DAYS minimum password lifetime (root only)-w, --warning=DAYS number of days warning users receives before passwordexpiration (root only)-i, --inactive=DAYS number of days after password expiration when an accountbecomes disabled (root only)-S, --status report password status on the named account (root only)--stdin read new tokens from stdin (root only)Help options:-?, --help Show this help message--usage Display brief usage message [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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3.設置密碼失效時間
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- 可以編輯
/etc/login.defs來設定幾個參數，以后設置口令默認就按照參數設定為準：PASS_MAX_DAYS 99999 PASS_MIN_DAYS 0 PASS_MIN_LEN 5 PASS_WARN_AGE 7
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當然在
/etc/default/useradd可以找到如下2個參數進行設置：# useradd defaults file GROUP=100 HOME=/home INACTIVE=-1 EXPIRE= SHELL=/bin/bash SKEL=/etc/skel CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes
通過修改配置文件，能對之后新建用戶起作用，而目前系統已經存在的用戶，則直接用chage來配置。
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chage [選項] 用戶名chage命令是用來修改帳號和密碼的有效期限。
-m：密碼可更改的最小天數。為零時代表任何時候都可以更改密碼。 -M：密碼保持有效的最大天數。 -w：用戶密碼到期前，提前收到警告信息的天數。 -E：帳號到期的日期。過了這天，此帳號將不可用。 -d：上一次更改的日期。 -i：停滯時期。如果一個密碼已過期這些天，那么此帳號將不可用。 -l：例出當前的設置。由非特權用戶來確定他們的密碼或帳號何時過期。
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chage -l root 查root賬號的信息
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# chage -l root Last password change : Jul 22, 2019 Password expires : never Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 99999 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7 [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
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chage -M 60 test 設置密碼過期時間為60天
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chage -I 5 test 設置密碼失效時間為5天
- 以test1賬號為例，再查一次信息賬號信息
[root@Server-n93yom ~]# chage -l test1 Last password change : Jul 22, 2019 Password expires : Sep 20, 2019 Password inactive : Sep 25, 2019 Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 60 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7
從上述命令可以看到，在密碼過期后5天，密碼自動失效，這個用戶將無法登陸系統了。
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轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/p/11227069.html
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