問題: Connotative meaning is not the same to everybody, every situation and every time, analyze the statement?

答案: e.g. A child is prejudiced against, often jeered at, beaten or scolded at home, then home to his is nothing but ? a hell?, hence unfavourable connotatitions,

問題: 某些貶義詞是不是任何時候都是貶義詞？

答案：e.g. A phrase like ?son of a bitch? which normally has an associative meaning of crude vulgarity may convey the connotation of ?friendliness? and ?intimacy? used between two close friends when they meet after some prolonged period of time.

問題:Stylistic meaning 根據字典上的劃分有幾種劃分?根據The Five Clocks 劃分,有幾種劃分?

答案:In some dictionaries, stylistic features are clearly marked as ?formal?, ?informal?, ?literary?, ?archaic?, slang?.

Martin Joos in his book The Five Clocks suggests five degrees of formality: ?frozen?, ?formal?, ?consultative?, ?casual? and ?intimate?.

問題:在日常生活中,人們把文體只簡單地劃分為哪三類?

答案:1)formal 2)neutral 3) informal

注意:要把書中89頁中例子[22][23]分析要記好.

在情感意義affective meaning, 考試往往要落腳在affective meaning 的兩個分類:(年年affective meaning 例子都考)

(1) appreciative meaning

(2) pejorative meaning

Collocative meaning 中的例子要記好: pretty , handsome

Green 搭配的例子記好: green on the job, green fruit , green with envy , green-eyed monster.

復習:

問題: Blackmail 從發音的角度被劃分成什么詞,從理據的角度被劃分成什么詞?

答案:Complex

Morphological motivation

問題: 有reference 的詞必然具有sense and concept ( 正確)

有sense 的詞一定具有reference.(錯誤)

The word which have meaning does not have necessarily reference.

問題: ?Forget, forgot, forgetting , forgotten , forgets?這是從哪一個角度來界定這個詞的分支? 答案: Grammatical meaning

問題: …frozen, …formal? , …consultative?, …casual? and …intimate? 這五個詞是總結了什么的劃分，是根據什么的劃分?

答案: stylistic meaning , 是根據The Five Clocks written by Martin Joos.

問題:But in daily life , we always refer to (formal), (neutral) , (informal).

問題: ?Pretty boy, pretty woman , pretty garden, pretty garden , pretty car?，請解釋這些詞的意義一樣不一樣？如果不一樣請加以理論分析？

答案:Collocative meaning, when pretty is used to modify different nouns both animate and inanimate , their collocative meaning are totally different.

問題：Table tennis can be replaced by pingpong ball and the name of the bird is also called cuckoo , which can also be reused to refer to the sound of the bird , so their two words are (onomatopoeically) motivated.

問題：?Unexpected, expectation, expecting?, the se three words are (morphologically) motivated.

總結

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