開篇

我之前發過一篇博文《兩天完成一個小型工程報價系統(三層架構)》，不少朋友向我要源碼學習，后來久而久之忘記回復了。今天我再分享一個進銷存系統，只為學習，沒有復雜的框架和設計模式，有的是我個人的理解，大家互相探討技術才會提高。當然我的命名不是很規范，兄弟們湊合著看。:)

思想和架構

在傳統的三層架構思想上擴展出N層架構，將業務邏輯層換成WCF服務。抽象工廠的引入提高了程序的擴展性，單利+緩存+反射則提升了程序的性能。數據庫則換成了Oracle，所以相應的數據訪問層也換成了OracleDal，當然你完全可以寫SqlServerDal，因為我數據訪問層接口都已定義好。

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界面和控件的設計美化

總體思路和流程---數據庫Oracle

數據庫既然選擇了Oracle，當然先必須安裝好Oracle,然后再裝Plsql，這一步也是很簡單的。不清楚的話，可去查找資料。

對Oracle而言，數據庫已服務形式存在，有幾個數據庫就對應幾個服務，刪除了數據庫后相應的服務也沒了，其次一個兼容程序監聽著服務。這些都可以自行配置，我不啰嗦了，畢竟我也不熟。我把Oracle腳本導出了，大家只要復制到Commad Window里粘貼即可，但前期創建表空間和用戶我還是稍微提一下：

• 首先用你用plsql連接一個服務（數據庫Orcl），用Connect as SysDBA進入。
• 創建表空間：注意路徑一定要已經存在。

create tablespace invoicing
logging
datafile 'C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\oradata\invoicing.dbf'
size 32M
autoextend on
next 32M maxsize 1024M
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

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• 找到左下角側用戶(Users)，創建用戶Invoicing，密碼：Invoicing,分配權限：dba，connect
• 用新創建的用戶名和密碼重新登錄。
• 找到Command Window，把我提供給你的腳本復制進去就OK了。

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總體思路和流程---數據訪問層IDAL

• 一個通用的泛型接口：

 public interface IBaseService<T> where T :class{List<T> GetEntities(string sqlWhere);T GetOneEntityByID(int id);T AddEntity(T entity);bool UpdateEntity(T entity);bool DeleteEntity(string sqlWhere);}

• 某個數據訪問層接口實繼承這個泛型接口

    public interface ICommodityService:IBaseService<Model.CommodityModel>{}

總體思路和流程---抽象工廠Abstract

•  public abstract class DalFactory{public abstract IDAL.ICommodityService CommdityDal{get;}public abstract IDAL.IPurchaseCommodityService PurchaseCommdityDal{get;}public abstract IDAL.IPurchaseOrdersService PurchaseOrderDal{get;}public abstract IDAL.ISalesCommodityService SalesCommodityDal{get;}public abstract IDAL.ISalesOrdersService SalesOrderDal{get;}public abstract IDAL.IUserService UserDal{get;}}

  總體思路和流程---數據訪問層Dal

• 為了提高效率，可以考慮緩存

        public override IDAL.ICommodityService CommdityDal{//緩存里拿get {OracleDAL.CommodityService instance = System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache["CommodityDal"] as OracleDAL.CommodityService;if (instance == null){instance = new OracleDAL.CommodityService();System.Web.HttpRuntime.Cache.Add("CommodityDal", instance, null, System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoAbsoluteExpiration, System.Web.Caching.Cache.NoSlidingExpiration, System.Web.Caching.CacheItemPriority.Normal, null);}return instance;}}

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• OracleHelper和System.Data.OracleClient來實現數據訪問層

namespace Insigma.Eyes.PSS.OracleDAL
{public class CommodityService:ICommodityService{public List<Model.CommodityModel> GetEntities(string sqlWhere){string sql = string.Format("select * from commodity where 1=1 {0}",sqlWhere);List<Model.CommodityModel> listCommodities = new List<Model.CommodityModel>();//Using 限定對象使用的范圍在花括號里面，出了花括號后釋放資源using (OracleDataReader odr=OracleHelper.ExecuteReader(OracleHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, null)){while (odr.Read()){Model.CommodityModel commodity = new Model.CommodityModel();commodity.ID = odr.GetInt32(0);commodity.Name = odr.IsDBNull(1) ? "" : odr.GetString(1);commodity.Type = odr.IsDBNull(2) ? "" : odr.GetString(2);commodity.Manufacturer = odr.IsDBNull(3) ? "" : odr.GetString(3);commodity.Inventory = odr.IsDBNull(4) ? 0 : odr.GetInt32(4);commodity.UnitPrice = odr.IsDBNull(5) ? 0 : odr.GetDecimal(5);commodity.Unit = odr.IsDBNull(6) ? "" : odr.GetString(6);listCommodities.Add(commodity);}}return listCommodities;}public Model.CommodityModel GetOneEntityByID(int id){string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and id={0}",id);List<Model.CommodityModel> list = GetEntities(sqlWhere);return list.SingleOrDefault(c => c.ID == id);
        }private int GetNewID(){string sql = "select s_commodity.nextval from dual";return int.Parse(OracleHelper.ExecuteScalar(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null).ToString());}public Model.CommodityModel AddEntity(Model.CommodityModel entity){entity.ID = GetNewID();string sql = string.Format(@"insert into Commodity(ID,Name,Type,Manufacturer,Inventory,UnitPrice,Unit) values({0},'{1}','{2}','{3}',{4},{5},'{6}')", entity.ID, entity.Name, entity.Type, entity.Manufacturer, entity.Inventory, entity.UnitPrice, entity.UnitPrice);if (OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null)>0){return entity;}else{return null;}}public bool UpdateEntity(Model.CommodityModel entity){string sql = string.Format("update Commodity set Name='{0}',Type='{1}',Manufacturer='{2}',Inventory={3},UnitPrice={4},Unit='{5}' where ID={6}",entity.Name, entity.Type, entity.Manufacturer, entity.Inventory, entity.UnitPrice, entity.Unit, entity.ID);return OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString,CommandType.Text,sql,null)>0; }public bool DeleteEntity(string sqlWhere){string sql = string.Format("delete form Commodity where 1=1 {0}",sqlWhere);return OracleHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(OracleHelper.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, sql, null) > 0;}}
}

總體思路和流程---業務邏輯層WCF

• wcf是什么，最簡單理解就是接口，契約，當然你可以更加深入研究。我學的也不深。

namespace Insigma.Eyes.PSS.BLLWCFService
{// 注意: 使用“重構”菜單上的“重命名”命令，可以同時更改代碼和配置文件中的接口名“ICommodityManagerService”。
    [ServiceContract]public interface ICommodityManagerService{[OperationContract][FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]CommodityModel[] GetCommodities(string name,string type,string manufacturer,string priceLow,string priceHigh);[OperationContract]CommodityModel[] GetCommoditiesByCondition(string condition);[OperationContract]CommodityModel GetOneCommodity(int id);[OperationContract][FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]CommodityModel AddCommodity(CommodityModel oneCommodity);[OperationContract][FaultContract(typeof(Exception))]bool UpdateCommodity(Model.CommodityModel commodity);}
}

• 實現上面定義的接口契約：

    public class PurchaseManagerService : IPurchaseManagerService{//
        private AbstractFactory.DalFactory dataFactory = null;public PurchaseManagerService(){dataFactory = DefaultProviderDal.DefaultDataProviderFactory;}public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel[] GetPurchaseOrders(string orderNumber, string orderDateStart, string orderDateEnd, string status){string sqlWhere = "";if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderNumber)){sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderNumber like '%{0}%'", orderNumber);}if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderDateStart)){try{DateTime dt = DateTime.Parse(orderDateStart);sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderDate>=to_date('{0}','yyyy-MM-dd')", dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));}catch{Exception oe = new Exception();throw new FaultException<Exception>(oe, "查詢條件開始時間有誤!");}}if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(orderDateEnd)){try{DateTime dt = DateTime.Parse(orderDateEnd);sqlWhere += string.Format(" and orderDate<=to_date('{0}','yyyy-MM-dd')", dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));}catch{Exception oe = new Exception();throw new FaultException<Exception>(oe, "查詢條件截至時間有誤!");}}if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(status)){sqlWhere += string.Format(" and Status='{0}'", status);}//IDAL.IPurchaseOrdersService purchaseOrdersService = new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService();//return purchaseOrdersService.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();}public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel[] GetPurchaseCommoditiesByID(int purchaseID){string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and PurchaseOrderID={0}",purchaseID);//看看數據庫里面的字段//IDAL.IPurchaseCommodityService purchaseCommodityService =new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService();//return purchaseCommodityService.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.GetEntities(sqlWhere).ToArray();}public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel AddPurchaseCommodityModel(Model.PurchaseCommodityModel onePurchaseCommodity){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().AddEntity(onePurchaseCommodity);return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.AddEntity(onePurchaseCommodity);}//幾個ID要分清楚public bool PostPurchaseOrder(int id){Model.PurchaseOrdersModel oneOrder=GetOnePurchaseOrder(id);if (oneOrder.Status.Equals("已入庫")){Exception oe = new Exception();throw new FaultException<Exception>(oe,"訂單已經提交，請務重復提交");}List<Model.PurchaseCommodityModel> purchaseCommoditiesList = GetPurchaseCommoditiesByID(id).ToList();IDAL.ICommodityService commodityService = new OracleDAL.CommodityService();foreach (Model.PurchaseCommodityModel onePurchaseCommodity in purchaseCommoditiesList){Model.CommodityModel commodityModel = new Model.CommodityModel();commodityModel.ID = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityID;commodityModel.Manufacturer = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityManufacturer;commodityModel.Name = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityName;commodityModel.Type = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityType;commodityModel.Unit = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityUnit;commodityModel.UnitPrice = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityUnitPrice;commodityModel.Inventory = onePurchaseCommodity.CommodityInventory + onePurchaseCommodity.Count;//這兒不會出現異常了吧，否則要回滾
                commodityService.UpdateEntity(commodityModel);}oneOrder.Status = "已入庫";return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().UpdateEntity(oneOrder);}public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel GetOnePurchaseOrder(int id){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().GetOneEntityByID(id);return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.GetOneEntityByID(id);}public Model.PurchaseCommodityModel GetOnePurchaseCommoditiesByID(int purchaseCommodityID){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().GetOneEntityByID(purchaseCommodityID);return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.GetOneEntityByID(purchaseCommodityID);}public bool UpdatePurchaseCommodity(Model.PurchaseCommodityModel model){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().UpdateEntity(model);return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.UpdateEntity(model);}public bool DeletePurchaseCommodity(int id){string sqlWhere = " and id=" + id;//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);}public Model.PurchaseOrdersModel AddPurchaseOrder(Model.PurchaseOrdersModel purchaseOrder){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().AddEntity(purchaseOrder);return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.AddEntity(purchaseOrder);}public bool UpdatePurchaseOrder(Model.PurchaseOrdersModel onePurchaseOrder){//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().UpdateEntity(onePurchaseOrder);return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.UpdateEntity(onePurchaseOrder);}public bool DeletePurchaseCommoditiesByPurchaseOrderID(int purchaseOrderID){string sqlWhere = " and PurchaseOrderID=" + purchaseOrderID;//調用另一個模塊，調用BLL比較好//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseCommodityService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);return dataFactory.PurchaseCommdityDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);}public bool DeleteOrderID(int id){string sqlWhere = string.Format(" and id={0}", id);//return new OracleDAL.PurchaseOrderService().DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);return dataFactory.PurchaseOrderDal.DeleteEntity(sqlWhere);}}
}

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•  dataFactory = DefaultProviderDal.DefaultDataProviderFactory;其實是個單利，我只要反射出一次工廠足以。
  

   public class DefaultProviderDal{private static AbstractFactory.DalFactory instance = null;static DefaultProviderDal(){//string filePath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/DataProvider");string filePath = System.AppDomain.CurrentDomain.SetupInformation.ApplicationBase;string dllFileName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DataProviderDllFile"];string dalFactoryClassName = System.Configuration.ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["DataProviderFactoryName"];System.Reflection.Assembly dll = System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFile(filePath + "DataProvider\\" + dllFileName);instance = dll.CreateInstance(dalFactoryClassName) as AbstractFactory.DalFactory;}public DefaultProviderDal(){}public static AbstractFactory.DalFactory DefaultDataProviderFactory{get {return instance;}}}

  總體思路和流程---UI

• 對WCF而言，實例化對象越多(如CommodityManagerServiceClient類的實例)，對服務器壓力越大，所以也可以考慮單利。

    public class WCFServiceBLL{//對WCF而言，對象實例化越多，對服務器壓力越大。static BLLCommodity.CommodityManagerServiceClient commodityClient;static BLLSalesOrders.SalesManagerServiceClient salesClient;static BLLUsers.UserManagerServiceClient userClient;static BLLPurchaseOrders.PurchaseManagerServiceClient purchaseClient;public static CommodityManagerServiceClient GetCommodityService(){if (commodityClient==null){commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();}if (commodityClient.State==CommunicationState.Closed){commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();}if (commodityClient.State==CommunicationState.Faulted){commodityClient = new CommodityManagerServiceClient();}return commodityClient;

補充

由于數據庫之間的主外鍵關系以及多表查詢，為了方便，我創建了視圖，這和SqlServer里面是一樣的(Oracle里面是Create Or Replace)，當然你也可以建立外鍵對象，我上個項目就是這么干的，當然ORM我們就不討論了。

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create or replace view v_purchasecommodity as
select pc.id,pc.purchaseorderid,pc.commodityid,c.name CommodityName,
c.type commodityType,c.manufacturer CommodityManufacturer,c.inventory CommodityInventory,
c.unitprice CommodityUnitPrice,c.unit CommodityUnit,pc.count,pc.purchaseprice,pc.totalprice
from purchasecommodity pc inner join commodity c on pc.commodityid = c.id;

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再補充一點：Oracle的自動增長列并不是像SqlServer那樣設置一下，就會自動增長，Oracle里面需要你自己創建Sequences,圖形操作也行，命令也行，我導出的Oracle腳本里面已經包含了相應的Sequences,應該可以看懂的。其余差別不大，相信你能看懂。

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create sequence INVOICING.S_USERS
minvalue 1
maxvalue 999999999999999999999999999
start with 1
increment by 1
cache 20;

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?關于界面美化的一些心得：

Winform程序功能很重要，但能提高用戶體驗那是最完美的，所以我用了一些圖標，設置相應的大小，當然用戶控件也是很重要的一部分，用戶控件嵌套在窗體里面是很簡單的：

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  public class LoadControls{public static void LoadInventory(Control parent){parent.Controls.Clear();Inventory inventory = new Inventory();inventory.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;parent.Controls.Add(inventory);}public static void LoadPurchase(Control parent){parent.Controls.Clear();Purchase purchase = new Purchase();purchase.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;parent.Controls.Add(purchase);}public static void LoadSales(Control parent){parent.Controls.Clear();Sales sales = new Sales();sales.Dock = DockStyle.Fill;parent.Controls.Add(sales);}

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總結

沒有什么猶豫就寫完了這篇博文，我把源代碼貢獻出來，當然這個例子只為學習，有需要的兄弟們可以拿去參考參考，大家多交流交流，才會相互促進進步，如果您覺得滿意的話，不放支持我一下，幫忙頂個，有動力才有精力寫出更好的博客，3x:)

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下載

轉載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/OceanEyes/archive/2012/08/03/invoicing.html

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