當前位置：首頁 > 人文社科 > 生活经验 >内容正文

生活经验

Pytest - 使用介绍

發布時間：2023/11/28 生活经验 50 豆豆

生活随笔收集整理的這篇文章主要介紹了 Pytest - 使用介绍小編覺得挺不錯的,現在分享給大家,幫大家做個參考.

1. 概述

pytest是一個非常成熟的全功能的Python測試框架，主要特點有以下幾點：

1、簡單靈活，容易上手，文檔豐富；
2、支持參數化，可以細粒度地控制要測試的測試用例；
3、能夠支持簡單的單元測試和復雜的功能測試，還可以用來做selenium/appnium等自動化測試、接口自動化測試（pytest+requests）;
4、pytest具有很多第三方插件，并且可以自定義擴展，比較好用的如pytest-selenium（集成selenium）、pytest-html（完美html測試報告生成）、pytest-rerunfailures（失敗case重復執行）、pytest-xdist（多CPU分發）等；
5、測試用例的skip和xfail處理；
6、可以很好的和CI工具結合，例如jenkins

2. 使用介紹

2.1. 安裝

pip install pytest

2.2. 示例代碼

編寫規則

編寫pytest測試樣例非常簡單，只需要按照下面的規則：

測試文件以test_開頭（以_test結尾也可以）
測試類以Test開頭，并且不能帶有 init 方法
測試函數以test_開頭
斷言使用基本的assert即可

pytest1.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pytest@pytest.fixture(scope='function')
def setup_function(request): def teardown_function(): print("teardown_function called.") request.addfinalizer(teardown_function) # 此內嵌函數做teardown工作 print('setup_function called.') @pytest.fixture(scope='module') def setup_module(request): def teardown_module(): print("teardown_module called.") request.addfinalizer(teardown_module) print('setup_module called.') @pytest.mark.website def test_1(setup_function): print('Test_1 called.') def test_2(setup_module): print('Test_2 called.') def test_3(setup_module): print('Test_3 called.') assert 2==1+1 # 通過assert斷言確認測試結果是否符合預期

fixture的scope參數

scope參數有四種，分別是'function','module','class','session'，默認為function。

function：每個test都運行，默認是function的scope
class：每個class的所有test只運行一次
module：每個module的所有test只運行一次
session：每個session只運行一次

setup和teardown操作

setup，在測試函數或類之前執行，完成準備工作，例如數據庫鏈接、測試數據、打開文件等
teardown，在測試函數或類之后執行，完成收尾工作，例如斷開數據庫鏈接、回收內存資源等
備注：也可以通過在fixture函數中通過yield實現setup和teardown功能

2.3. 測試結果

如何執行

pytest # run all tests below current dir
pytest test_mod.py # run tests in module file test_mod.py
pytest somepath # run all tests below somepath like ./tests/
pytest -k stringexpr # only run tests with names that match the
# the "string expression", e.g. "MyClass and not method"
# will select TestMyClass.test_something
# but not TestMyClass.test_method_simple
pytest test_mod.py::test_func # only run tests that match the "node ID",
# e.g "test_mod.py::test_func" will be selected
# only run test_func in test_mod.py

通過pytest.mark對test方法分類執行

通過@pytest.mark控制需要執行哪些feature的test，例如在執行test前增加修飾@pytest.mark.website

通過 -m "website" 執行有website標記的test方法

$ pytest  -v -m "website" pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python cachedir: .cache Using --randomly-seed=1522925202 rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile: plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0 collected 3 items pytest1.py::test_1 PASSED ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary ============================================================================= WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead. =============================================================================== 2 tests deselected =============================================================================== =========================================================== 1 passed, 2 deselected, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.00 seconds ============================================================

通過 -m "not website" 執行沒有website標記的test方法

$ pytest  -v -m "not website" pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python cachedir: .cache Using --randomly-seed=1522925192 rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile: plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0 collected 3 items pytest1.py::test_3 PASSED pytest1.py::test_2 PASSED ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary ============================================================================= WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead. =============================================================================== 1 tests deselected =============================================================================== =========================================================== 2 passed, 1 deselected, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.00 seconds ============================================================

Console參數介紹

-v 用于顯示每個測試函數的執行結果
-q 只顯示整體測試結果
-s 用于顯示測試函數中print()函數輸出
-x, --exitfirst, exit instantly on first error or failed test
-h 幫助

Case 1

$ pytest -v pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 -- /home/kevin/soft/anaconda2/bin/python cachedir: .cache Using --randomly-seed=1522920341 rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile: plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0 collected 3 items pytest1.py::test_1 PASSED pytest1.py::test_3 PASSED pytest1.py::test_2 PASSED ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary ============================================================================= WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead. ================================================================== 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ===================================================================

Case 2

$ pytest -s pytest1.py
============================================================================== test session starts ===============================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.14, pytest-3.0.0, py-1.5.2, pluggy-0.3.1 Using --randomly-seed=1522920508 rootdir: /home/kevin/learn/python-web/tox/case2, inifile: plugins: randomly-1.0.0, mock-1.2, cov-2.0.0 collected 3 items pytest1.py setup_function called. Test_1 called. .teardown_function called. setup_module called. Test_2 called. .Test_3 called. .teardown_module called. ============================================================================= pytest-warning summary ============================================================================= WC1 None pytest_funcarg__cov: declaring fixtures using "pytest_funcarg__" prefix is deprecated and scheduled to be removed in pytest 4.0. Please remove the prefix and use the @pytest.fixture decorator instead. ================================================================== 3 passed, 1 pytest-warnings in 0.01 seconds ===================================================================

3. 擴展插件

3.1. 測試報告

安裝與樣例

pip install pytest-cov # 計算pytest覆蓋率，支持輸出多種格式的測試報告
pytest --cov-report=html --cov=./ test_code_target_dir

Console參數介紹

--cov=[path], measure coverage for filesystem path (multi-allowed), 指定被測試對象，用于計算測試覆蓋率
--cov-report=type, type of report to generate: term, term-missing, annotate, html, xml (multi-allowed), 測試報告的類型
--cov-config=path, config file for coverage, default: .coveragerc, coverage配置文件
--no-cov-on-fail, do not report coverage if test run fails, default: False，如果測試失敗，不生成測試報告
--cov-fail-under=MIN, Fail if the total coverage is less than MIN. 如果測試覆蓋率低于MIN，則認為失敗

Console Result

---------------------------------------------------------------- coverage: platform linux2, python 2.7.14-final-0 ---------------------------------------------------------------- Name Stmts Miss Cover -------------------------------- pytest1.py 18 0 100%

Html Result

image.png

3.2. 測試順序隨機

pip install pytest-randomly

3.3. 分布式測試

pip install pytest-xdist

3.4. 出錯立即返回

pip install pytest-instafail

4. 參考

python的測試工具大全
https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonTestingToolsTaxonomy
python主流的測試工具橫向比較
http://docs.python-guide.org/en/latest/writing/tests/
http://pythontesting.net/test-podcast/
python單元測試框架pytest簡介
https://blog.csdn.net/liuchunming033/article/details/46501653

作者：紅薯愛帥
鏈接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/a754e3d47671
來源：簡書
簡書著作權歸作者所有，任何形式的轉載都請聯系作者獲得授權并注明出處。

總結

以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的Pytest - 使用介绍的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。

如果覺得生活随笔網站內容還不錯，歡迎將生活随笔推薦給好友。

Pytest

上一篇： pip 将某包指定到某目录批量安装
下一篇：我爱自然语言处理bert ner chi