Docker 安裝

由于 apt 官方庫里的 Docker 版本可能比較舊，所以先卸載可能存在的舊版本：

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker-ce docker.io

在 Ubuntu 16.04 環境下可參考如下鏈接進行安裝

https://blog.csdn.net/bingzhongdehuoyan/article/details/79411479

https://www.cnblogs.com/zyrblog/p/8523928.html

也可以直接按照如下方法安裝:

# step 1: 安裝必要的一些系統工具
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
# step 2: 安裝GPG證書
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
# Step 3: 寫入軟件源信息
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
# Step 4: 更新并安裝Docker-CE
sudo apt-get -y update
sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

安裝可以參考官網 https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/
依次選擇

• containerd.io_1.4.3-1_amd64.deb
• docker-ce-cli_20.10.7_3-0ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb
• docker-ce_20.10.7_3-0ubuntu-xenial_amd64.deb

通過下面命令可以查看本機支持的 Docker 版本

sudo apt-cache madison docker-ce
sudo apt install docker-ce=17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial

安裝過程中遇到問題

在安裝 Docker 的過程中，運行以下命令

sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu

提示由于依賴項問題導致安裝失敗

..
..
dpkg: docker-ce-cli: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:docker-ce depends on docker-ce-cli.
..
..

詳細信息如下：

~/software$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:containerd.io linux-headers-4.4.0-87 linux-headers-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-4.4.0-87-generic linux-image-extra-4.4.0-87-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:docker-ce-cli
The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:docker-ce
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 downgraded, 1 to remove and 163 not upgraded.
Need to get 40.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 43.1 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu [40.1 MB]
Fetched 40.1 MB in 5s (6,935 kB/s)   
dpkg: docker-ce-cli: dependency problems, but removing anyway as you requested:docker-ce depends on docker-ce-cli.(Reading database ... 136047 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing docker-ce-cli (5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
dpkg: warning: downgrading docker-ce from 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial to 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu
(Reading database ... 135857 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../docker-ce_18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking docker-ce (18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu) over (5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial) ...
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.2) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.7.5-1) ...
Setting up docker-ce (18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu) ...
A dependency job for docker.service failed. See 'journalctl -xe' for details.
invoke-rc.d: initscript docker, action "start" failed.
● docker.service - Docker Application Container EngineLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Sat 2018-12-01 22:20:08 CST; 5min agoDocs: https://docs.docker.comMain PID: 32613 (dockerd)CGroup: /system.slice/docker.service└─32613 /usr/bin/dockerd -H unix://Dec 01 22:20:07 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:07.671708387+08:00" level=warning msg="Your kernel does not support...runtime"
Dec 01 22:20:07 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:07.672189795+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:08.055751832+08:00" level=info msg="Default bridge (docker0) is ass...address"
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:08.100131634+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: done."
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:08.120069347+08:00" level=info msg="Docker daemon" commit=4d60db4 g...=18.09.0
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:08.120538965+08:00" level=info msg="Daemon has completed initialization"
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ systemd[1]: Started Docker Application Container Engine.
Dec 01 22:20:08 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ dockerd[32613]: time="2018-12-01T22:20:08.147198090+08:00" level=info msg="API listen on /var/run/docker.sock"
Dec 01 22:25:16 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ systemd[1]: Dependency failed for Docker Application Container Engine.
Dec 01 22:25:16 iZm5egn5zptnov4j3oxh4fZ systemd[1]: docker.service: Job docker.service/start failed with result 'dependency'.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
dpkg: error processing package docker-ce (--configure):subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for systemd (229-4ubuntu21.2) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-19) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:docker-ce
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

解決方法

安裝相應的依賴項解決該問題。

sudo apt-get install docker-ce-cli

啟動 Docker 服務和開機自啟動命令

• 啟動 Docker 服務

安裝包已經為我們在 Linux 系統中注冊了一個 Docker 服務，所以我們不需要直接啟動 docker daemon 對應的 dockerd 這個程序，而是直接啟動 Docker 服務即可。

sudo systemctl start docker

• 實現 Docker 服務開機自啟動

sudo systemctl enable docker

總結

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