webdriverAPI-Java
1.1???下載selenium2.0的lib包
http://code.google.com/p/selenium/downloads/list
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官方UserGuide:http://seleniumhq.org/docs/
1.2???用webdriver打開一個瀏覽器
我們常用的瀏覽器有firefox和IE兩種,firefox是selenium支持得比較成熟的瀏覽器。但是做頁面的測試,速度通常很慢,嚴重影 響持續(xù)集成的速度,這個時候建議使用HtmlUnit,不過HtmlUnitDirver運行時是看不到界面的,對調(diào)試就不方便了。使用哪種瀏覽器,可以 做成配置項,根據(jù)需要靈活配置。
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??????? //Create a newinstance of the Firefox driver
??????? WebDriver driver = newFirefoxDriver();
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??????? //Create a newinstance of the Internet Explorer driver
??????? WebDriver driver = newInternetExplorerDriver ();
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??????? //Createa new instance of the Internet Explorer driver ???
??????? WebDriverdriver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
?1.3???打開測試頁面
對頁面對測試,首先要打開被測試頁面的地址(如:http://www.google.com),web driver 提供的get方法可以打開一個頁面:
??????? // And now use thedriver to visit Google
??????? driver.get("http://www.google.com");
1.4???GettingStarted
package org.openqa.selenium.example;
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import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedCondition;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
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public class Selenium2Example?{
??? public static voidmain(String[] args) {
??????? // Create a newinstance of the Firefox driver
??????? // Notice that theremainder of the code relies on the interface,
?? ?????// not the implementation.
??????? WebDriver driver = newFirefoxDriver();
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??????? // And now use this tovisit Google
???????driver.get("http://www.google.com");
??????? // Alternatively thesame thing can be done like this
??????? // driver.navigate().to("http://www.google.com");
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??????? // Find the text inputelement by its name
??????? WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
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??????? // Enter something tosearch for
???????element.sendKeys("Cheese!");
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??????? // Now submit the form.WebDriver will find the form for us from the element
??????? element.submit();
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??????? // Check the title ofthe page
???????System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
???????
??????? // Google's search isrendered dynamically with JavaScript.
??????? // Wait for the pageto load, timeout after 10 seconds
??????? (newWebDriverWait(driver, 10)).until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
???????? public Booleanapply(WebDriver d) {
??????????????? returnd.getTitle().toLowerCase().startsWith("cheese!");
??????????? }
??????? });
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??????? // Should see:"cheese! - Google Search"
???????System.out.println("Page title is: " + driver.getTitle());
???????
??????? //Close the browser
??????? driver.quit();
??? }
}
第2章????????Webdirver對瀏覽器的支持
2.1???HtmlUnit Driver
優(yōu)點:HtmlUnit Driver不會實際打開瀏覽器,運行速度很快。對于用FireFox等瀏覽器來做測試的自動化測試用例,運行速度通常很慢,HtmlUnit Driver無疑是可以很好地解決這個問題。
缺點:它對JavaScript的支持不夠好,當頁面上有復雜JavaScript時,經(jīng)常會捕獲不到頁面元素。
使用:
WebDriver driver = new HtmlUnitDriver();
?
2.2???FireFox Driver
優(yōu)點:FireFox Dirver對頁面的自動化測試支持得比較好,很直觀地模擬頁面的操作,對JavaScript的支持也非常完善,基本上頁面上做的所有操作FireFox Driver都可以模擬。
缺點:啟動很慢,運行也比較慢,不過,啟動之后Webdriver的操作速度雖然不快但還是可以接受的,建議不要頻繁啟停FireFox Driver。
使用:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
Firefox profile的屬性值是可以改變的,比如我們平時使用得非常頻繁的改變useragent的功能,可以這樣修改:
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.setPreference("general.useragent.override", "some UAstring");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
2.3???InternetExplorer Driver
優(yōu)點:直觀地模擬用戶的實際操作,對JavaScript提供完善的支持。
缺點:是所有瀏覽器中運行速度最慢的,并且只能在Windows下運行,對CSS以及XPATH的支持也不夠好。
使用:
WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
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第3章????????使用操作
3.1??如何找到頁面元素
Webdriver的findElement方法可以用來找到頁面的某個元素,最常用的方法是用id和name查找。下面介紹幾種比較常用的方法。
3.1.1 By ID
假設(shè)頁面寫成這樣:
<input type="text" name="passwd"id="passwd-id" />
?那么可以這樣找到頁面的元素:
通過id查找:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));
3.1.2 By Name
或通過name查找:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd"));
3.1.3 By XPATH
或通過xpath查找:
WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']"));
3.1.4 By Class Name
假設(shè)頁面寫成這樣:
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<div class="cheese"><span>Cheddar</span></div><divclass="cheese"><span>Gouda</span></div>
可以通過這樣查找頁面元素:
List<WebElement>cheeses = driver.findElements(By.className("cheese"));
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3.1.5 By Link Text
假設(shè)頁面元素寫成這樣:
<ahref="http://www.google.com/search?q=cheese">cheese</a>>
?那么可以通過這樣查找:
WebElement cheese =driver.findElement(By.linkText("cheese"));
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3.2??如何對頁面元素進行操作
找到頁面元素后,怎樣對頁面進行操作呢?我們可以根據(jù)不同的類型的元素來進行一一說明。
3.2.1 輸入框(text field or textarea)
?? 找到輸入框元素:
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));
在輸入框中輸入內(nèi)容:
element.sendKeys(“test”);
將輸入框清空:
element.clear();
獲取輸入框的文本內(nèi)容:
element.getText();
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3.2.2 下拉選擇框(Select)
找到下拉選擇框的元素:
Select select = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("select")));
? ? 選擇對應(yīng)的選擇項:select.selectByVisibleText(“mediaAgencyA”);
或
select.selectByValue(“MA_ID_001”);
?不選擇對應(yīng)的選擇項:
select.deselectAll();
select.deselectByValue(“MA_ID_001”);
select.deselectByVisibleText(“mediaAgencyA”);
或者獲取選擇項的值:
select.getAllSelectedOptions();
select.getFirstSelectedOption();
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3.2.3 單選項(Radio Button)
找到單選框元素:
WebElement bookMode =driver.findElement(By.id("BookMode"));
選擇某個單選項:
bookMode.click();
清空某個單選項:
bookMode.clear();
判斷某個單選項是否已經(jīng)被選擇:
bookMode.isSelected();
3.2.4 多選項(checkbox)
多選項的操作和單選的差不多:
WebElement checkbox =driver.findElement(By.id("myCheckbox."));
checkbox.click();
checkbox.clear();
checkbox.isSelected();
checkbox.isEnabled();
3.2.5 按鈕(button)
找到按鈕元素:
WebElement saveButton = driver.findElement(By.id("save"));
點擊按鈕:
saveButton.click();
判斷按鈕是否enable:
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saveButton.isEnabled ();
3.2.6 左右選擇框
也就是左邊是可供選擇項,選擇后移動到右邊的框中,反之亦然。例如:
Select lang = new Select(driver.findElement(By.id("languages")));
lang.selectByVisibleText(“English”);
WebElement addLanguage =driver.findElement(By.id("addButton"));
addLanguage.click();
3.2.7 彈出對話框(Popup dialogs)
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
alert.accept();
alert.dismiss();
alert.getText();
3.2.8 表單(Form)
Form中的元素的操作和其它的元素操作一樣,對元素操作完成后對表單的提交可以:
WebElement approve = driver.findElement(By.id("approve"));
approve.click();
或
approve.submit();//只適合于表單的提交
3.2.9 上傳文件 (Upload File)
上傳文件的元素操作:
WebElement adFileUpload = driver.findElement(By.id("WAP-upload"));
String filePath = "C:\test\\uploadfile\\media_ads\\test.jpg";
adFileUpload.sendKeys(filePath);
3.2.10?????????????????Windows 和 Frames之間的切換
一般來說,登錄后建議是先:
driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
切換到某個frame:
driver.switchTo().frame("leftFrame");
從一個frame切換到另一個frame:
driver.switchTo().frame("mainFrame");
切換到某個window:
driver.switchTo().window("windowName");
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3.2.11?????????????????拖拉(Drag andDrop)
WebElement element =driver.findElement(By.name("source"));
WebElement target = driver.findElement(By.name("target"));
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(new Actions(driver)).dragAndDrop(element, target).perform();
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3.2.12?????????????????導航 (Navigationand History)
打開一個新的頁面:
?driver.navigate().to("http://www.example.com");
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通過歷史導航返回原頁面:
driver.navigate().forward();
driver.navigate().back();
3.3???高級使用
3.3.1 改變user agent
User Agent的設(shè)置是平時使用得比較多的操作:
FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
profile.addAdditionalPreference("general.useragent.override","some UA string");
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
3.3.2 讀取Cookies
我們經(jīng)常要對的值進行讀取和設(shè)置。
增加cookie:
// Now set the cookie. This one's valid for the entire domain
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("key", "value");
driver.manage().addCookie(cookie);
獲取cookie的值:
// And now output all the available cookies for the current URL
Set<Cookie> allCookies = driver.manage().getCookies();
for (Cookie loadedCookie : allCookies) {
???System.out.println(String.format("%s -> %s",loadedCookie.getName(), loadedCookie.getValue()));
}
根據(jù)某個cookie的name獲取cookie的值:
driver.manage().getCookieNamed("mmsid");
刪除cookie:
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// You can delete cookies in 3 ways
// By name
driver.manage().deleteCookieNamed("CookieName");
// By Cookie
driver.manage().deleteCookie(loadedCookie);
// Or all of them
driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
3.3.3 調(diào)用Java Script
Web driver對Java Script的調(diào)用是通過JavascriptExecutor來實現(xiàn)的,例如:
JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
js.executeScript("(function(){inventoryGridMgr.setTableFieldValue('"+ inventoryId + "','" + fieldName + "','"
??????????????? + value + "');})()");
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3.3.4 Webdriver截圖
如果用webdriver截圖是:
driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.save_screenshot("C:\error.jpg")
3.3.5 頁面等待
因為Load頁面需要一段時間,如果頁面還沒加載完就查找元素,必然是查找不到的。最好的方式,就是設(shè)置一個默認等待時間,在查找頁面元素的時候如果找不到就等待一段時間再找,直到超時。
Webdriver提供兩種方法,一種是顯性等待,另一種是隱性等待。
顯性等待:
WebDriver driver =new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");
WebElementmyDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
? .until(newExpectedCondition<WebElement>(){
? @Override
? public WebElementapply(WebDriver d) {
??? returnd.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
? }});
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隱性等待:
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get("http://somedomain/url_that_delays_loading");
WebElement myDynamicElement =driver.findElement(By.id("myDynamicElement"));
第4章????????RemoteWebDriver
當本機上沒有瀏覽器,需要遠程調(diào)用瀏覽器進行自動化測試時,需要用到RemoteWebDirver.
4.1???使用RemoteWebDriver
import java.io.File;
import java.net.URL;
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import org.openqa.selenium.OutputType;
import org.openqa.selenium.TakesScreenshot;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.Augmenter;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
?
public class Testing {
???
??? public void myTest()throws Exception {
??????? WebDriver driver = newRemoteWebDriver(
???????????????????????????????new URL("http://localhost:4446/wd/hub"),
???????????????????????????????DesiredCapabilities.firefox());
???????
???????driver.get("http://www.google.com");
???????
??????? // RemoteWebDriverdoes not implement the TakesScreenshot class
??????? // if the driver doeshave the Capabilities to take a screenshot
??????? // then Augmenter willadd the TakesScreenshot methods to the instance
??????? WebDriveraugmentedDriver = new Augmenter().augment(driver);
??????? File screenshot =((TakesScreenshot)augmentedDriver).
????????????????? ??????????getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FILE);
??? }
}
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4.2???SeleniumServer
在使用RemoteDriver時,必須在遠程服務(wù)器啟動一個SeleniumServer:
java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.20.0.jar -port 4446
4.3???How to setFirefox profile using RemoteWebDriver
profile = new FirefoxProfile();
???????????profile.setPreference("general.useragent.override",testData.getUserAgent());?
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.firefox();
capabilities.setCapability("firefox_profile", profile);
driver = new RemoteWebDriver(new URL(“http://localhost:4446/wd/hub”),capabilities);
driverWait = new WebDriverWait(driver,TestConstant.WAIT_ELEMENT_TO_LOAD);
driver.get("http://www.google.com");
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第5章????????封裝與重用
WebDriver對頁面的操作,需要找到一個WebElement,然后再對其進行操作,比較繁瑣:
?// Find the text inputelement by its name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("q"));
?
// Enter something to search for
element.sendKeys("Cheese!");
我們可以考慮對這些基本的操作進行一個封裝,簡化操作。比如,封裝代碼:
??? protected void sendKeys(Byby, String value){
???????driver.findElement(by).sendKeys(value);
??? }
那么,在測試用例可以這樣簡化調(diào)用:
sendKeys(By.name("q"),”Cheese!”);
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看,這就簡潔多了。
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類似的封裝還有:
package com.drutt.mm.end2end.actions;
?
?
import java.util.List;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
?
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait;
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import com.drutt.mm.end2end.data.TestConstant;
?
public class WebDriverAction {
?
?? //protected WebDriverdriver;
?? protected RemoteWebDriverdriver;
?? protected WebDriverWaitdriverWait;
?
?
??? protected booleanisWebElementExist(By selector) {
??????? try {
??????????? driver.findElement(selector);
??????????? return true;
??????? } catch(NoSuchElementException e) {
??????????? return false;
??????? }
??? }
???
??? protected StringgetWebText(By by) {
??????? try {
??????? return driver.findElement(by).getText();
????? ??} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
??????????? return "Textnot existed!";
??????? }
??? }
???
??? protected voidclickElementContainingText(By by, String text){
??????? List<WebElement>elementList = driver.findElements(by);
??????? for(WebElement e:elementList){
??????????? if(e.getText().contains(text)){
??????????????? e.click();
??????????????? break;
??????????? }
??????? }????
??? }
???
??? protected StringgetLinkUrlContainingText(By by, String text){
??????? List<WebElement>subscribeButton = driver.findElements(by);
??????? String url = null;
??????? for(WebElement e:subscribeButton){
??????????? if(e.getText().contains(text)){
??????????????? url =e.getAttribute("href");
??????????????? break;
??????????? }
??????? }
??????? return url;
??? }
???
??? protected void click(Byby){
???????driver.findElement(by).click();
???????driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(TestConstant.WAIT_ELEMENT_TO_LOAD,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
??? }
?
??? protected StringgetLinkUrl(By by){
??????? return driver.findElement(by).getAttribute("href");
??? }
???
??? protected void sendKeys(Byby, String value){
???????driver.findElement(by).sendKeys(value);
??? }
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第6章????????在selenium2.0中使用selenium1.0的API
Selenium2.0中使用WeDriver API對頁面進行操作,它最大的優(yōu)點是不需要安裝一個selenium server就可以運行,但是對頁面進行操作不如selenium1.0的Selenium RC API那么方便。Selenium2.0提供了使用Selenium RC API的方法:
// You may use any WebDriver implementation. Firefox is used hereas an example
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
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// A "base url", used by selenium to resolve relativeURLs
?String baseUrl ="http://www.google.com";
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// Create the Selenium implementation
Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(driver, baseUrl);
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// Perform actions with selenium
selenium.open("http://www.google.com");
selenium.type("name=q", "cheese");
selenium.click("name=btnG");
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// Get the underlying WebDriver implementation back. This willrefer to the
// same WebDriver instance as the "driver" variableabove.
WebDriver driverInstance = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium)selenium).getUnderlyingWebDriver();
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??? //Finally, close thebrowser. Call stop on the WebDriverBackedSelenium instance
??? //instead of callingdriver.quit(). Otherwise, the JVM will continue running after
??? //the browser has beenclosed.
??? selenium.stop();
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我分別使用WebDriver API和SeleniumRC API寫了一個Login的腳本,很明顯,后者的操作更加簡單明了。
WebDriver API寫的Login腳本:
??? public void login() {
??????? driver.switchTo().defaultContent();
??????? driver.switchTo().frame("mainFrame");
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??????? WebElement eUsername= waitFindElement(By.id("username"));
???? ???eUsername.sendKeys(manager@ericsson.com);
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??????? WebElement ePassword= waitFindElement(By.id("password"));
??????? ePassword.sendKeys(manager);
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??????? WebElementeLoginButton = waitFindElement(By.id("loginButton"));
???????eLoginButton.click();
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??? }
???
SeleniumRC API寫的Login腳本:
??? public void login() {
??????? selenium.selectFrame("relative=top");
??????? selenium.selectFrame("mainFrame");
??????? selenium.type("username","manager@ericsson.com");
??????? selenium.type("password","manager");
??????? selenium.click("loginButton");
}
轉(zhuǎn)載于:https://www.cnblogs.com/MUMO/p/5743564.html
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