instagram架構

by Dmytro Brovkin

由Dmytro Brovkin

如何創建像Instagram這樣的照片共享應用程序：基本知識。 (How to create a photo sharing app like Instagram: the basics.)

After two centuries of rapid development, photography has come a long way from being a luxury to becoming a huge part of our everyday lives. Nowadays, your cat can have more photos than a royal family could afford just a couple hundreds years ago.

經過兩個世紀的快速發展，攝影已從奢侈到成為我們日常生活的重要組成部分，已經走了很長一段路。 如今，您的貓所擁有的照片比數百年前的王室所能承受的更多。

The photography culture (or should we say cult?) is a big part of modern society. To capture a moment with high-quality and beautiful pictures, you don’t need to invest in a high-end professional camera anymore. At the end of 2016, the number of pictures taken by smartphone users had reached 2.08 billion. Every smartphone has a camera, so almost everyone today can take pictures and share them via social apps.

攝影文化(或者應該說是邪教 ？)是現代社會的重要組成部分。 為了捕捉高質量和精美圖片的瞬間，您不再需要購買高端專業相機。 截至2016年底，智能手機用戶拍攝的照片數量達到20.8億張。 每個智能手機都有一個攝像頭，因此今天幾乎每個人都可以拍照并通過社交應用程序共享它們。

This is what Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger took advantage of back in 2010 — the year when Instagram was first launched. Ever since then, the service has been steadily growing and gaining popularity, reaching unbelievable heights. It is currently the indisputable leader when it comes to sharing pictures, and it’s well-known all around the world. The official data provided by the service sounds incredible.

這就是Kevin Systrom和Mike Krieger在2010年(Instagram首次發布的那一年)利用的優勢。 從那時起，該服務一直在穩定增長并獲得普及，達到令人難以置信的高度。 目前，在分享圖片方面，它是無可爭議的領導者，并且在全世界都廣為人知。 該服務提供的官方數據聽起來令人難以置信。

Instagram users post more than 80 million pictures daily, they like the photos 3.5 billion times a day, and the monthly auditory reach is more than 400 million users. It’s nearly impossible to list all the events that photo-sharing apps could potentially be used on: parties, travel, self-advertising, and much more.

Instagram用戶每天發布超過8000萬張圖片，他們每天喜歡圖片35億次，每月的聽覺范圍超過4億用戶。 列出照片共享應用程序可能會使用的所有事件幾乎是不可能的：聚會，旅行，自我廣告等等。

那么從頭開始創建Instagram替代品又需要什么呢？ (So what does it take to create an Instagram alternative from scratch?)

While there is a leader in the market, it doesn’t mean that there is absolutely no place for new contenders. If you have a clear vision of what you want to achieve, and what you want to share with the community, nothing is impossible.

盡管市場上有領導者，但這并不意味著絕對沒有新競爭者的位置。 如果您對要實現的目標以及與社區共享的目標具有清晰的愿景，那么一切皆有可能。

So, let’s imagine you’ve decided to create an app that would be similar to Instagram and allow you to share photos. The first thing to pay attention to is the interaction map for Instagram users:

因此，假設您決定創建一個與Instagram類似的應用程序，并允許您共享照片。 首先要注意的是Instagram用戶的交互圖：

• Authorization (create a new profile or sign into an already existing one via social networks)
  授權(通過社交網絡創建新的配置文件或登錄到現有配置文件)
• Editing the profile (add, edit, or delete your personal data)
  編輯個人資料(添加，編輯或刪除您的個人數據)
• Posting pictures (upload the photos, mention the people, add the hashtags)
  發布圖片(上傳照片，提及他人，添加主題標簽)
• Timeline (follow, like, comment)
  時間軸(跟隨，贊，評論)
• Social features (have the ability to share the post or invite your friends from Facebook)
  社交功能(具有分享帖子或從Facebook邀請您的朋友的功能)
• Photo customization (crop it, rotate it, add filters)
  照片自定義(裁剪，旋轉，添加濾鏡)
• Location (let the location service get your geo-data via pictures taken in the app)
  位置(讓位置服務通過在應用中拍攝的照片獲取地理數據)
• Messenger (text and photo)
  信使(文字和圖片)
• Notifications, push-notifications
  通知，推送通知
• Search (username, just name, hashtags, post description)
  搜索(用戶名，名稱，主題標簽，帖子說明)

It’s also important to pay attention to the interface of an app. Instagram can be a great example of a simple, stylish, and easy-to-use design.

注意應用程序的界面也很重要。 Instagram可以成為簡單，時尚且易于使用的設計的一個很好的例子。

In the table below, you can find the estimated time needed to create an Instagram alternative broken down into functional parts.

在下表中，您可以找到創建Instagram替代項(分為功能部分)所需的估計時間。

Speaking about design, UX will take from 64 to 96 hours. UI will most likely need 48–64 hours of time. Additional design features need 16+ hours, depending on how difficult your tasks are. Don’t forget that you’ll also need to design a great logo for your product, which will help you to move your brand further ahead of rivals.

說到設計，UX將花費64到96個小時。 UI很可能需要48-64小時的時間。 其他設計功能需要16個小時以上的時間，具體取決于您的任務有多困難。 別忘了，您還需要為產品設計一個醒目的徽標，這將幫助您使品牌進一步領先于競爭對手。

At the rate of $50/hour, it’ll cost from $12800 to $22400 to create an Instagram alternative for iOS. An Android app is likely to take $12800 to $19600. The backend development will cost around $17600 — it doesn’t depend on the specifications of the users’ devices, as this code runs on the server.

以每小時50美元的價格，為iOS創建Instagram替代品的成本從12800美元到22400美元。 一款Android應用的售價可能在12800美元至19600美元之間。 后端開發的成本約為17600美元-它不依賴于用戶設備的規格，因為此代碼在服務器上運行。

Given that the main goal of an app like that is photo sharing, you’ll certainly need to take care of optimization of an app design as well as ubiquitous exterior for all media. Instagram solved this problem by making all the photos squared.

鑒于此類應用程序的主要目標是照片共享，因此您肯定需要注意優化應用程序設計以及所有媒體無處不在的外觀。 Instagram通過使所有照片平方來解決了這個問題。

關鍵效率指標 (The key efficiency indicators)

When you create an alternative to an app like Instagram, you’ll certainly need to include some exclusive features to leave the rivals in the dust.

當您創建類似Instagram之類的應用的替代產品時，您肯定需要包括一些獨有功能，以免競爭對手陷入困境。

It doesn’t make any sense to create an app that will be 100% identical to Instagram, because they already have a loyal client base. The best strategy is to bring on fresh new ideas while keeping an eye on the most useful Instagram features at the same time.

創建一個與Instagram 100％相同的應用程序沒有任何意義，因為它們已經擁有了忠實的客戶群。 最好的策略是帶來新的想法，同時關注最有用的Instagram功能。

We’ll list some of the main indicators that you’ll need to pay attention to if you want to check on your app’s popularity and progress:

如果您要檢查應用的受歡迎程度和進度，我們將列出一些需要注意的主要指標：

• The number of active users
  活動用戶數
• The users’ participation
  用戶的參與
• The app’s ability to keep the user
  應用程序保留用戶的能力

1.活躍用戶 (1. Active users)

Goal:

目標：

To bring as many new, loyal users as possible.

吸引盡可能多的新忠實用戶。

You can check on this metric by looking at the stats on the gained and lost users and how fast the user base grows.

您可以通過查看獲得和失去的用戶的統計數據以及用戶群的增長速度來檢查該指標。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Media marketing: let the people know about your product and make them talk about it as much as possible. Create social network pages, contact your target audience, and hire people specializing in marketing. All of those things need to be done early, like 3–6 months before the app launch.

媒體營銷：讓人們了解您的產品，并讓他們盡可能多地談論它。 創建社交網絡頁面，聯系您的目標受眾，并雇用專門從事市場營銷的人員。 所有這些事情都需要盡早完成，例如在應用啟動前3–6個月。

Referral program: reward your users for inviting friends and leaving positive feedback by giving away free new filters, photo effects, and other useful functions that can help them make the experience better.

推薦計劃：通過免費提供新的濾鏡，照片效果和其他有用的功能來幫助您的用戶邀請朋友并留下積極的反饋，以幫助他們改善體驗。

Attracting high profile users and use smart PR: every app for photo sharing has its own important people. Such popular users can enhance your product’s status and popularity. It can be a popular client or a celebrity. You can attract them with the help of a free PR companies on your pages or free early access to your product. Moreover, you should post content that would be interesting to such people.

吸引知名用戶并使用智能PR：每個用于照片共享的應用都有自己的重要人物。 這樣受歡迎的用戶可以提高您產品的狀態和受歡迎程度。 它可以是受歡迎的客戶或名人。 您可以在頁面上免費的公關公司的幫助下吸引他們，或者免費早期訪問您的產品。 此外，您應該發布這類人感興趣的內容。

2.用戶參與 (2. User involvement)

Goal:

目標：

To make people spend more time on your app and log in more often.

為了使人們在您的應用上花費更多的時間并更頻繁地登錄。

The involvement level can be assessed by the activity that takes place in your app: likes amount (new and overall), sent media amount (new/recent/overall), and so on.

參與程度可以通過應用程序中發生的活動進行評估：喜歡的數量(新的和整體的)，發送的媒體數量(新的/最近的/總體)等等。

Ways to do it:

方式：

This can be achieved by filling your app with social functions, like comments, likes, groups, friends, followers, channels, instruments to make a profile unique and different.

這可以通過在社交應用中填充評論，喜歡，群組，朋友，關注者，頻道，工具等社交功能來實現，從而使個人資料與眾不同。

To attract a potential audience, you’ll need to offer high-quality and helpful editing tools that satisfy the needs of professionals. Ensure that the professional photographers get the best terms, and they’ll pay you back by making your app unique and posting their quality content in your app.

為了吸引潛在的受眾，您需要提供高質量且有用的編輯工具，以滿足專業人士的需求。 確保專業攝影師獲得最佳條款，并通過使您的應用與眾不同并在您的應用中發布其高質量的內容來回報您。

3.留住用戶 (3. Keeping the user)

Goal:

目標：

To make sure users come back to your app.

確保用戶返回您的應用。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Send push-notifications every time something interesting happens. Since your users will probably be mostly young people, send the notifications and letters at the right time (in the morning, when they’re getting ready for school or college, or later on to encourage them spend their free time in your app).

每當發生有趣的事情時，都發送推送通知。 由于您的用戶可能主要是年輕人，因此請在適當的時間發送通知和信件(早上，當他們準備上學或上大學時，或稍后鼓勵他們在應用中花費空閑時間)。

React to the feedback from your users, whether it’s positive or negative. It’ll show everyone you care about the people who use your app and are even ready to display their feedback.

對您的用戶的反饋做出正面或負面的React。 它會向您顯示您關心的每個使用您的應用程序的人，甚至準備顯示他們的反饋。

Launch different promotional events so that your users get involved with everything that happens inside of your app — and make a profit on these events.

發起不同的促銷活動，以便您的用戶參與應用程序內部發生的一切，并從這些活動中獲利。

All these factors are very important, because they show how satisfying your app is for your target audience, what profit you can make, and where you need to head next in order to make your app even better.

所有這些因素都是非常重要的，因為它們表明了您的應用程序對目標受眾的滿意度，可以帶來的利潤以及下一步需要改善的應用程序。

營利 (Monetization)

One more factor that most people are interested in, beside the costs of developing an app, is how to monetize it. There are multiple ways to make profit with the help of your app:

除了開發應用程序的成本外，大多數人感興趣的另一個因素是如何將其貨幣化。 有多種方法可借助您的應用程序獲利：

• Sponsorship and advertising (companies create their profiles and advertise themselves)
  贊助和廣告(公司創建個人資料并做廣告)
• In-app purchases (just as far as your imagination goes — you can sell filters, effects, even let the users smell their own photos)
  應用內購買(就您的想象而言，您可以出售濾鏡，特效，甚至讓用戶聞到自己的照片)
• Special offers for active users.
  活躍用戶的特別優惠。

結論 (Conclusion)

So, what do you need to do to create an alternative to Instagram? Just the following:

那么，您需要怎么做才能創建Instagram替代方案？ 只是以下內容：

• Analyze the market, and invent your strategy
  分析市場并制定您的策略
• Get investors to help you
  吸引投資者幫助您
• Find the developers that’ll create a MVP for you
  查找將為您創建MVP的開發人員
• Design your own marketing strategy and launch it a few months before the official app launch
  設計您自己的營銷策略，并在正式應用啟動前幾個月啟動
• Add some unique functions to your app to make it special
  向您的應用程序添加一些獨特功能，使其具有特殊性
• Test it to guarantee the highest quality of your services
  測試它以確保您的服務質量最高
• Enjoy your (hopefully) successful app!
  享受您的(希望)成功的應用程序！

Don’t forget about your rivals, though. Always be alert to what happens in the market and what the current trends look like. Remember, the best has no limits, and you can always improve even further. If you launch a product that will not only satisfy people’s needs, but also be comfortable and nice to use, the success will surely come.

不過，不要忘記您的競爭對手。 時刻保持警惕，了解市場情況以及當前趨勢。 請記住，最好的事物是沒有止境的，您總是可以進一步提高。 如果您推出的產品不僅能夠滿足人們的需求，而且使用起來舒適，美觀，那么成功必將到來。

As you can see, apps like Instagram are the important tools of social marketing nowadays. So, if you really want to create an Instagram alternative and are ambitious enough to try it, then I hope that this article has been helpful. Get in touch with us today, and we can lay the foundation of your business and development needs!

如您所見，Instagram等應用程序是當今社交營銷的重要工具。 因此，如果您真的想創建一個Instagram替代方案并且有足夠的野心去嘗試，那么我希望本文對您有所幫助。 立即與我們聯系 ，我們可以為您的業務和發展需求奠定基礎！

This article was originally published on the Octodev Blog.

本文最初發表在Octodev Blog上 。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-create-a-photo-sharing-app-like-instagram-the-basics-8dfdeb5e17f5/

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