by Luis Santiago

路易斯·圣地亞哥(Luis Santiago)

如何成為一名有效的軟件工程師 (How to become an effective software engineer)

When I first started my journey as a software engineer I quickly noticed the great amount of cognitive load involved when working on enterprise projects. There are many moving targets throughout the execution of a plan.

當我剛開始作為軟件工程師的旅程時，我很快注意到從事企業項目時涉及大量的認知負擔。 整個計劃執行過程中有許多移動目標。

Clean code, tests, security, config files, performance, deployments, and many more variables commonly form part of the mental load required for successful completion of a project.

干凈的代碼，測試，安全性，配置文件，性能，部署以及許多其他變量通常構成成功完成項目所需的智力負荷的一部分。

I was contemplating a paradox I have seen many engineers face: trying to stay up to date with the latest trends in this ever-changing software industry while delivering great value to the company I work for.

我當時正在考慮一個我已經看到許多工程師面對的悖論：試圖跟上這個瞬息萬變的軟件行業的最新趨勢，同時為我工作的公司帶來巨大的價值。

I was craving time outside Jira stories to dedicate effort to my growth.

我渴望在Jira故事以外的時間花些時間為自己的成長付出努力。

And then I started seeking tools that could help me add tremendous value to my organization, maintain growth, and become effective.

然后，我開始尋找可以幫助我為組織增加巨大價值，保持增長并變得有效的工具。

意識到什么很重要 (Awareness About What Matters)

My main source was mentorship from people in the technology industry. Especially, mentorship in book formats from authors like Gary Vaynerchuk, Cal Newport, and Edmund Lau.

我的主要資源來自技術行業的指導。 特別是，來自加里·維納楚克(Gary Vaynerchuk)，卡爾·紐波特(Cal Newport)和埃德蒙·劉(Edmund Lau)等作家的書籍形式的指導。

I identified a pattern in their advice. It was awareness — deeply understand what matters and execute towards that goal. The identification of clear goals gives us opportunities to measure them. Self-awareness allows us to recognize the things we do best and also see our weaknesses.

我在他們的建議中確定了一種模式。 這是意識-深刻理解重要的事情并執行該目標。 明確目標的確定為我們提供了衡量目標的機會。 自我意識使我們能夠認識到自己最擅長的事情，也可以看到自己的弱點。

“Accept your shortcomings, and strive to become more conscious of who you really are.” — Gary Vaynerchuk“接受自己的缺點，并努力使自己更加了解自己。” — Gary Vaynerchuk

杠桿作用 (Leverage)

In the book The Effective Engineer, Edmund Lau suggests leverage as a yardstick for effectiveness. Leverage is the return on investment for the effort that is put in. I see this as a generic definition of leverage. Combining Edmund Lau’s equation of leverage gives me a whole new perspective of its definition:

在《有效工程師》一書中，埃德蒙·劉(Edmund Lau)建議將杠桿作用作為提高效率的標準。 杠桿是投入的投資回報。我認為這是杠桿的一般定義。 結合Edmund Lau的杠桿方程式，為我提供了其定義的全新視角：

Looking at the equation above I make sense of the parameters that influence the outcome of leverage.

看上面的方程式，我理解了影響杠桿結果的參數。

Before I start developing code, I commonly have an idea of how the product implementation will produce impact to the business. Even after implementation, I can measure its true impact by tracking logs, usage, and adoption rate. This numerator, impact produced, is indirectly given to us.

在開始開發代碼之前，我通常會了解產品實施將如何對業務產生影響。 即使在實施之后，我也可以通過跟蹤日志，使用情況和采用率來衡量其真正的影響。 這種分子， 產生的影響是間接給我們的。

The denominator is the parameter we have the most trackability over. Time invested is the value we can measure, before, during, and after execution. Putting in effort to keep this parameter to a minimum yields a higher leverage. This means higher return on investment (ROI).

分母是我們可追蹤性最高的參數。 投入的時間是我們可以在執行之前，之中和之后衡量的價值。 盡力將這個參數保持在最小值會產生更高的杠桿作用。 這意味著更高的投資回報率(ROI)。

In the case of software engineers, ROI could mean improving trust with business partners, higher rate of adoption, or reducing the time it takes to perform a certain task.

對于軟件工程師而言，ROI可能意味著提高與業務伙伴的信任度，更高的采用率或減少執行特定任務所需的時間。

To achieve this, we have to get good at getting things done efficiently.

為此，我們必須善于高效地完成工作。

“Effective engineers are not the ones trying to get more things done by working more hours. They are the ones who get things done efficiently — and who focus their limited time on the tasks that produce the most value.” — Edmund Lau“有效的工程師并不是試圖通過工作更多的時間來完成更多工作的人。 他們是高效完成工作的人，他們將有限的時間專注于產生最大價值的任務。” -劉德華

In the book High Output Management, ex-CEO of Intel Andrew Grove shares three ways to increase leverage:

在《高輸出管理》一書中，英特爾前首席執行官Andrew Andrew Grove分享了三種提高杠桿率的方法：

Reduce the time it takes to complete a certain task

減少完成特定任務所需的時間

Increase the output of an activity

增加活動的輸出

Shift to higher-leverage activities

轉向高杠桿活動

And Edmund Lau complements them with three questions:

劉德華補充了三個問題：

How can I complete this activity in a shorter amount of time?

如何在較短的時間內完成此活動？

How can I increase the value produced by this activity?

如何增加這項活動產生的價值？

Is there something else I could spend my time on that would produce more value?

還有什么我可以花時間在上面的東西可以產生更多的價值嗎？

I sometimes get laser-focused on a specific coding task. However, I find it beneficial to stop once in a while and ask myself these three questions. I see them as a pulse check for effectiveness.

有時我會專注于特定的編碼任務。 但是，我發現偶爾停下來問自己這三個問題是有益的。 我認為它們是對有效性的脈搏檢查。

心態 (Mindset)

The perspective of our own intelligence, character, and ability deeply affects how we lead our lives.

我們自己的才智，性格和能力的觀點深刻影響著我們的生活。

The adoption of a growth mindset is one of the most impactful concepts I have come across. Mostly because it is an effective tool for developing our confidence. There come times in which we feel the famous imposter syndrome creeping in. We might feel like our skills don’t line up with what “they” are looking for.

采納成長心態是我遇到的最有影響力的概念之一。 主要是因為它是建立我們信心的有效工具。 有時候，我們會感覺到著名的冒名頂替綜合癥正在蔓延。我們可能會覺得我們的技能與“他們”想要的東西不符。

But when you adopt a growth mindset, you tell your story. You tell who you are, what skills you’ve built, what you are excited about doing next and why. Consciously recognizing areas of improvement and actively executing a plan of self-betterment. It means taking responsibility for each aspect of a situation that you can change.

但是，當您采用成長心態時，就會講自己的故事。 您可以說出自己是誰，已經建立了哪些技能，對接下來的工作感到興奮以及原因。 自覺認識到需要改進的地方，并積極執行自我改善計劃。 這意味著對您可以更改的情況的各個方面負責。

Learning, just like invested money, also compounds:

就像投入金錢一樣，學習也會使：

Knowledge gives you a foundation to gain more knowledge.

知識為您提供了獲取更多知識的基礎。

The earlier you optimize for learning the more time your learning has to compound.

優化學習的時間越早，學習的時間就越多。

Even small deltas in your learning rate can make a big difference in the long run.

從長遠來看，即使您學習率的差異很小，也會產生很大的變化。

限制進行中的工作量 (Limit the Amount of Work in Progress)

Checklists can improve outcomes. They are a tool used to reduce errors in many fields. Keeping a checklist helps me transfer all the effort of remembering what I have to do next from my mind to another place. This allows me to focus my brain power on problem solving and development.

清單可以改善結果。 它們是用于減少許多領域中的錯誤的工具。 保留清單有助于我將記住下一步工作的所有精力從腦海轉移到另一個地方。 這使我可以集中精力解決問題和解決問題。

Avoid context switching. Focus your undivided attention to one task at a time.避免上下文切換。 將您的專心專注于一次完成一項任務。

Any form of distraction, including working on multiple tasks at the same time, takes away from my ability to become effective. When possible, I apply deep work, a skill I learned from Cal Newport’s book Deep Work. I make a conscious effort to shut off all distractions and work on developing mastery.

任何形式的分心，包括同時處理多個任務，都會使我失去有效的能力。 在可能的情況下，我會應用深度工作，這是我從Cal Newport的著作《深度工作》中學到的技能。 我有意識地努力阻止所有干擾，并努力發展掌握能力。

Cal Newport defines Deep Work as:

Cal Newport將Deep Work定義為：

“Professional activities performed in a state of distraction-free concentration that push your cognitive capabilities to their limit. These efforts create new value, improve your skill, and are hard to replicate.” — Cal Newport

“專業活動是在無專心的狀態下進行的，這會使您的認知能力達到極限。 這些努力創造了新的價值，提高了您的技能，并且難以復制。” —卡爾紐波特

結語 (Wrapping up)

The practice of adopting a growth mindset toward new skills makes us better learners and more willing to stretch beyond our comfort zone.

對新技能采取成長型思維的做法使我們成為更好的學習者，更愿意超越自己的舒適范圍。

Many times, I have felt excited about a new project idea. I think about the amount of value its implementation could add. Then I also think about all the things that could go wrong. I think about failure. I feel fear. I stop.

很多時候，我對一個新的項目構想感到興奮。 我認為其實施可以增加多少價值。 然后，我還要考慮所有可能出錯的地方。 我考慮失敗。 我感到恐懼。 我停下。

But with a growth mindset, I understand I must reach beyond that thinking cycle. I understand I am always learning. Just like a product in beta, always in progress. Always in a constant iteration. Then I keep moving onwards along my journey to effectiveness.

但是，以成長的心態，我明白我必須超越這一思維周期。 我知道我一直在學習。 就像Beta版的產品一樣，它總是在不斷發展。 始終處于不斷的迭代中。 然后，我會繼續朝著有效的方向前進。

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-become-an-effective-software-engineer-b2d25b588bc8/

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