ios 自定義字體

by Yuichi Fujiki

藤木雄一

In this article, you'll learn how to create a unified custom look throughout your app with these simple tricks.

在本文中，您將學(xué)習(xí)如何使用這些簡單的技巧在整個應(yīng)用程序中創(chuàng)建統(tǒng)一的自定義外觀。

我們想做什么 (What we want to do)

In iOS, there is a mechanism called UIAppearance to define an app’s global configuration. For example, you can set a consistent background color of the navigation bar with just one line :

在iOS中，有一種名為UIAppearance的機(jī)制可以定義應(yīng)用程序的全局配置。 例如，您可以只用一行設(shè)置導(dǎo)航欄的一致背景色：

UINavigationBar.appearance().barTntColor = UIColor.blue

However, if you apply the same approach to the font like this:

但是，如果您對字體應(yīng)用相同的方法，如下所示：

UILabel.appearance().font = UIFont(named: "Gills Sans", size: 14)

all the UILabel instances will indeed have “Gills Sans”, but with 14pt size as well. I don’t think any app would want to have only 14pt fonts throughout the app. Since UIFont always needs the size information to be initialized, there is no standard way in UIKit to just change the typeface without affecting the size.

所有UILabel實(shí)例的確將具有“ Gills Sans”， 但大小也為14pt 。 我認(rèn)為任何應(yīng)用程序都不希望整個應(yīng)用程序中只有 14pt字體。 由于UIFont始終需要初始化大小信息，因此UIKit 沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的方法來更改字體而不影響大小。

But, don’t you want to change the font typeface without hunting down all the Swift files and Interface Builder files? Imagine you have an app with tens of screens and the product owner decides to change the font for the entire app. Or your app wants to cover another language, and you want to use another font for the language because it would look better.

但是，您是否不想在不搜索所有Swift文件和Interface Builder文件的情況下更改字體字體？ 假設(shè)您有一個帶有數(shù)十個屏幕的應(yīng)用程序，產(chǎn)品負(fù)責(zé)人決定更改整個應(yīng)用程序的字體。 或者您的應(yīng)用想要覆蓋另一種語言，并且您想要使用另一種字體作為該語言，因?yàn)樗雌饋頃谩?

This short article explains how you can do that with just several lines of code.

這篇簡短的文章說明了如何僅用幾行代碼就能做到這一點(diǎn)。

UIView擴(kuò)展 (UIView Extension)

When you create UIView extension and declare a property with @objc modifier, you can set that property through UIAppearance.

創(chuàng)建UIView擴(kuò)展并使用@objc修飾符聲明屬性時，可以通過UIAppearance設(shè)置該屬性。

For example, if you declare a UILabel extension property substituteFontName like this:

例如，如果你聲明UILabel擴(kuò)展屬性substituteFontName是這樣的：

You can call it in AppDelegate.application(:didFinishLaunching...)

您可以在AppDelegate.application(:didFinishLaunching...)調(diào)用它

UILabel.appearance().substituteFontName = "Gills Sans"

And voilà, all UILabel will be in the “Gills Sans” font with appropriate sizes. ?

而且，所有UILabel都將使用適當(dāng)大小的“ Gills Sans”字體。 ？

但是您也想使用粗體字，不是嗎？ (But you want to use bold font as well, don’t you?)

Life is good so far, but what if you want to specify two different variations of the same font, like bold font? You would think you can just add another extension property substituteBoldFontName and call it like this, right?

到目前為止，生活還不錯，但是如果要指定同一字體的兩個不同變體(如粗體字體)怎么辦？ 您會以為您可以添加另一個擴(kuò)展屬性substituteBoldFontName并這樣稱呼，對嗎？

UILabel.appearance().substituteFontName = fontNameUILabel.appearance().substituteBoldFontName = boldFontName

Not that easy. If you do this, then all the UILabel instances show up in bold font. I will explain why.

沒那么容易。 如果執(zhí)行此操作，則所有 UILabel實(shí)例均以粗體顯示。 我將解釋原因。

It seems that UIAppearance is just calling all the setter methods of the registered properties in the order they were registered.

似乎UIAppearance只是按照注冊屬性的注冊順序調(diào)用它們的所有setter方法。

So if we implemented the UILabel extension like this:

因此，如果我們這樣實(shí)現(xiàn)UILabel擴(kuò)展：

then setting the two properties through UIAppearance results in the code sequence similar to the following at every UILabel initialization under the hood.

然后通過UIAppearance設(shè)置這兩個屬性UIAppearance導(dǎo)致代碼序列類似于在UIAppearance每次UILabel初始化時的代碼序列。

font = UIFont(name: substituteFontName, size: font.pointSize)font = UIFont(name: substituteBoldFontName, size: font.pointSize)

So, the first line is overwritten by the second line and you are going to have bold fonts everywhere. ?

因此，第一行被第二行覆蓋，您到處都會有粗體。 ？

你能為這個做什么？ (What can you do about it?)

In order to solve this issue, we can assign proper font style based on the original font style ourselves.

為了解決此問題，我們可以根據(jù)自己的原始字體樣式分配適當(dāng)?shù)淖煮w樣式。

We can change our UILabel extension as follows:

我們可以如下更改UILabel擴(kuò)展名：

Now, the code sequence that is called at UILabel initialization will be as follows, and only one of the two font assignment will be called in a condition.

現(xiàn)在，在UILabel初始化中調(diào)用的代碼序列如下，并且在條件中將僅調(diào)用兩種font分配中的一種。

if font.fontName.range(of: "Medium") == nil { font = UIFont(name: newValue, size: font.pointSize)}if font.fontName.range(of: "Medium") != nil { font = UIFont(name: newValue, size: font.pointSize)}

As a result, you will have an app with beautifully unified text style while regular and bold fonts co-exist, yay! ?

結(jié)果，您將擁有一個具有精美統(tǒng)一文本樣式的應(yīng)用程序，而常規(guī)字體和粗體字體并存！ ？

You should be able to use the same logic to add more styles like italic fonts as well. Also, you should be able to apply the same approach to another control like UITextField.

您應(yīng)該能夠使用相同的邏輯來添加更多樣式，例如斜體字體。 同樣，您應(yīng)該能夠?qū)⑾嗤姆椒☉?yīng)用于另一個控件，例如UITextField 。

Hope this helps fellow iOS devs, happy coding!!

希望這對其他iOS開發(fā)人員有所幫助，祝您編程愉快！！

翻譯自: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-use-consistent-custom-font-in-an-ios-app-e07b1ddb7a7c/

ios 自定義字體

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