python模块介绍- xlwt 创建xls文件（excel）
python模塊介紹- xlwt 創建xls文件（excel）
2013-06-24磁針石
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#參考資料：《The Python Standard Library by Example2011》
#https://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt/0.7.5
#http://www.python-excel.org/
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Xlrd是跨平臺的excel生成模塊。
31.1 xlwt– 實例
31.1.1 創建簡單的excel文件
下面例子，創建一個名為mini.xls的文件，它有一個空sheet：'xlwt was here'。
from xlwt import *
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w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('xlwt was here')
w.save('mini.xls')
Workbook類初始化時有encoding和style_compression參數。
encoding，設置字符編碼，一般要這樣設置：w = Workbook(encoding='utf-8')，就可以在excel中輸出中文了。默認是ascii。當然要記得在文件頭部添加：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
style_compression表示是否壓縮，不常用。
Workbook還有一些屬性：
Owner設置文檔所有者。
country_code：國家碼
wnd_protect：窗口保護
obj_protect：對象保護
Protect：保護
backup_on_save：保存時備份
Hpos：橫坐標
Vpos：縱坐標
Width：寬度
Height：高度
active_sheet：活動sheet
tab_width：tab寬度
wnd_visible：窗口是否可見
wnd_mini：窗口最小化
hscroll_visible：橫向滾動條是否可見。
vscroll_visible：縱向滾動條是否可見。
tabs_visible：tab是否可見。
dates_1904：是否使用1904日期系統
use_cell_values：單元格的值
default_style：默認樣式
colour_RGB：顏色
比如設置國家碼：
fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook()
w.country_code= 61
ws= w.add_sheet('AU')
w.save('country.xls')
方法有：add_style，add_font，add_str，del_str，str_index，add_rt，rt_index，add_sheet，get_sheet，raise_bad_sheetname，convert_sheetindex，setup_xcall，add_sheet_reference。
31.1.2 插入圖片
add_sheet 會返回一個Worksheet 類。創建的時候有可選參數cell_overwrite_ok，表示是否可以覆蓋單元格，其實是Worksheet實例化的一個參數，默認值是False。
Worksheet初始化的參數有sheetname，parent_book，cell_overwrite_ok。
Worksheet的屬性有：Row，Column，explicit_magn_setting（默認False），visibility（默認0），split_position_units_are_twips（默認False），row_default_height_mismatch，row_default_hidden，row_default_space_above，row_default_space_below，last_used_row，first_used_row，last_used_col，row_tempfile。以上屬性類定義中。
函數構成的屬性有：name，parent（只讀），rows（只讀），cols（只讀），merged_ranges（只讀），bmp_rec（只讀），show_formulas，show_grid，show_headers，panes_frozen，auto_colour_grid，cols_right_to_left，show_outline，remove_splits，selected，sheet_visible，page_preview，first_visible_row，first_visible_col，grid_colour，preview_magn，normal_magn，scl_magn，vert_split_pos，horz_split_pos，vert_split_first_visible，horz_split_first_visible，show_auto_page_breaks，dialogue_sheet，auto_style_outline，outline_below，outline_right，fit_num_pages，show_row_outline，show_col_outline，alt_expr_eval，alt_formula_entries，row_default_height，col_default_width，calc_mode，calc_count，RC_ref_mode，iterations_on，delta，save_recalc，print_headers，print_grid，vert_page_breaks，horz_page_breaks，header_str，footer_str，print_centered_vert，print_centered_horz，left_margin，right_margin，top_margin，bottom_margin，paper_size_code，print_scaling，start_page_number，fit_width_to_pages，fit_height_to_pages，print_in_rows，portrait，print_colour，print_draft，print_notes，print_notes_at_end，print_omit_errors，print_hres，print_vres，header_margin，footer_margin，copies_num，wnd_protect，obj_protect，protect，scen_protect，password。
方法有：get_parent，write，write_rich_text，merge，write_merge，insert_bitmap，col，row，row_height，col_width。
下面例子使用 insert_bitmap來插入圖片。
from xlwt import *，
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w = Workbook()
ws = w.add_sheet('Image')
ws.insert_bitmap('python.bmp', 2, 2)
ws.insert_bitmap('python.bmp', 10, 2)
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w.save('image.xls')
31.1.3 設置樣式
下面例子改變字體的高度。
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#!/usr/bin/envpython
#-*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#Copyright (C) 2005 Kiseliov Roman
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fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook(encoding='utf-8')
ws= w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')
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fori in range(6, 80):
??? fnt = Font()
??? fnt.height = i*20
??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.font = fnt
??? ws.write(i, 1, '武岡')
??? ws.row(i).set_style(style)
w.save('row_styles.xls')
?????????????? XFStyle用于設置字體樣式，有描述字符串num_format_str，字體font，居中alignment，邊界borders，模式pattern，保護protection等屬性。另外還可以不寫單元格，直接設置格式，比如：
frompyExcelerator import *
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w= Workbook()
ws= w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')
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fori in range(6, 80):
??? fnt = Font()
??? fnt.height = i*20
??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.font = fnt
??? ws.row(i).set_style(style)
w.save('row_styles_empty.xls')
??????????????? 設置列寬：ws.col(i).width = 0x0d00 + i
31.1.4 更多實例
下面例子輸出了紅色的”Test”，并在第3行包含了公式。
importxlwt
fromdatetime import datetime
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font0= xlwt.Font()
font0.name= 'Times New Roman'
font0.colour_index= 2
font0.bold= True
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style0= xlwt.XFStyle()
style0.font= font0
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style1= xlwt.XFStyle()
style1.num_format_str= 'D-MMM-YY'
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wb= xlwt.Workbook()
ws= wb.add_sheet('A Test Sheet')
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ws.write(0,0, 'Test', style0)
ws.write(1,0, datetime.now(), style1)
ws.write(2,0, 1)
ws.write(2,1, 1)
ws.write(2,2, xlwt.Formula("A3+B3"))
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wb.save('example.xls')
這里另有一個公式的實例：
fromxlwt import ExcelFormulaParser, ExcelFormula
importsys
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f= ExcelFormula.Formula(
"""-((1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898))*
AVERAGE((1.80+ 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898);
??????? (1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898);
??????? (1.80 + 2.898 * 1)/(1.80 + 2.898)) +
SIN(PI()/4)""")
合并單元格的實例，注意write_merge,1,2個參數表示行數，3,4的參數表示列數。
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fromxlwt import *
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wb= Workbook()
ws0= wb.add_sheet('sheet0')
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fnt= Font()
fnt.name= 'Arial'
fnt.colour_index= 4
fnt.bold= True
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borders= Borders()
borders.left= 6
borders.right= 6
borders.top= 6
borders.bottom= 6
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style= XFStyle()
style.font= fnt
style.borders = borders
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ws0.write_merge(3,3, 1, 5, 'test1', style)
ws0.write_merge(4,10, 1, 5, 'test2', style)
ws0.col(1).width= 0x0d00
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wb.save('merged0.xls')
日期格式的實例
fromxlwt import *
fromdatetime import datetime
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w= Workbook()
ws= w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')
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fmts= [
??? 'M/D/YY',
??? 'D-MMM-YY',
??? 'D-MMM',
??? 'MMM-YY',
??? 'h:mm AM/PM',
??? 'h:mm:ss AM/PM',
??? 'h:mm',
??? 'h:mm:ss',
??? 'M/D/YY h:mm',
??? 'mm:ss',
??? '[h]:mm:ss',
??? 'mm:ss.0',
]
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i= 0
forfmt in fmts:
??? ws.write(i, 0, fmt)
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??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.num_format_str = fmt
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??? ws.write(i, 4, datetime.now(), style)
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??? i += 1
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w.save('dates.xls')
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下面展示了不同邊框和刪除樣式的字體：
fromxlwt import *
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font0= Font()
font0.name= 'Times New Roman'
font0.struck_out= True
font0.bold= True
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style0= XFStyle()
style0.font= font0
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wb= Workbook()
ws0= wb.add_sheet('0')
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ws0.write(1,1, 'Test', style0)
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fori in range(0, 0x53):
??? borders = Borders()
??? borders.left = i
??? borders.right = i
??? borders.top = i
??? borders.bottom = i
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??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.borders = borders
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??? ws0.write(i, 2, '', style)
??? ws0.write(i, 3, hex(i), style0)
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ws0.write_merge(5,8, 6, 10, "")
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wb.save('blanks.xls')
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下面展示了不同顏色的字體，可以作為顏色參考：
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from xlwt import *
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font0 = Font()
font0.name = 'Times New Roman'
font0.struck_out = True
font0.bold = True
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style0 = XFStyle()
style0.font = font0
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wb = Workbook()
ws0 = wb.add_sheet('0')
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ws0.write(1, 1, 'Test', style0)
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for i in range(0, 0x53):
??? fnt = Font()
??? fnt.name = 'Arial'
??? fnt.colour_index = i
??? fnt.outline = True
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??? borders = Borders()
??? borders.left = i
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??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.font = fnt
??? style.borders =borders
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??? ws0.write(i, 2,'colour', style)
??? ws0.write(i, 3,hex(i), style0)
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wb.save('format.xls')
超級鏈接的插入方法：
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fromxlwt import *
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f= Font()
f.height= 20*72
f.name= 'Verdana'
f.bold= True
f.underline= Font.UNDERLINE_DOUBLE
f.colour_index= 4
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h_style= XFStyle()
h_style.font= f
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w= Workbook()
ws= w.add_sheet('F')
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##############
##NOTE: parameters are separated by semicolon!!!
##############
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n= "HYPERLINK"
ws.write_merge(1,1, 1, 10, Formula(n +'("http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/f1000.pdf";"f1000.pdf")'),h_style)
ws.write_merge(2,2, 2, 25, Formula(n +'("mailto:roman.kiseliov@gmail.com?subject=pyExcelerator-feedback&Body=Hello,%20Roman!";"pyExcelerator-feedback")'),h_style)
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w.save("hyperlinks.xls")
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??????? 在沒有指定編碼的情況下，也可以通過unicode輸出字符，不過這樣比較費勁，建議還是使用utf-8編碼：
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fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook()
ws1= w.add_sheet(u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA}\N{GREEKSMALL LETTER GAMMA}')
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ws1.write(0,0, u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA}\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA}\N{GREEK SMALLLETTER GAMMA}')
ws1.write(1,1, u'\N{GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA}x = 1 + \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA}')
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ws1.write(2,0,u'A\u2262\u0391.')???? # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(3,0,u'Hi Mom -\u263a-!')?? # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(4,0,u'\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E') # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(5,0,u'Item 3 is \u00a31.') # RFC2152 example
ws1.write(8,0,u'\N{INTEGRAL}')?????? # RFC2152 example
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w.add_sheet(u'A\u2262\u0391.')???? # RFC2152 example
w.add_sheet(u'HiMom -\u263a-!')?? # RFC2152 example
one_more_ws= w.add_sheet(u'\u65E5\u672C\u8A9E') # RFC2152 example
w.add_sheet(u'Item3 is \u00a31.') # RFC2152 example
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one_more_ws.write(0,0, u'\u2665\u2665')
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w.add_sheet(u'\N{GREEKSMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS}')
w.save('unicode1.xls')
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凍結：
fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook()
ws1= w.add_sheet('sheet 1')
ws2= w.add_sheet('sheet 2')
ws3= w.add_sheet('sheet 3')
ws4= w.add_sheet('sheet 4')
ws5= w.add_sheet('sheet 5')
ws6= w.add_sheet('sheet 6')
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws1.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws2.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws3.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws4.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws5.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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fori in range(0x100):
??? ws6.write(i/0x10, i%0x10, i)
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ws1.panes_frozen= True
ws1.horz_split_pos= 2
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ws2.panes_frozen= True
ws2.vert_split_pos= 2
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ws3.panes_frozen= True
ws3.horz_split_pos= 1
ws3.vert_split_pos= 1
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ws4.panes_frozen= False
ws4.horz_split_pos= 12
ws4.horz_split_first_visible= 2
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ws5.panes_frozen= False
ws5.vert_split_pos= 40
ws4.vert_split_first_visible= 2
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ws6.panes_frozen= False
ws6.horz_split_pos= 12
ws4.horz_split_first_visible= 2
ws6.vert_split_pos= 40
ws4.vert_split_first_visible= 2
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w.save('panes.xls')
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各種數值格式：
fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook()
ws= w.add_sheet('Hey, Dude')
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fmts= [
??? 'general',
??? '0',
??? '0.00',
??? '#,##0',
??? '#,##0.00',
??? '"$"#,##0_);("$"#,##',
???'"$"#,##0_);[Red]("$"#,##',
???'"$"#,##0.00_);("$"#,##',
???'"$"#,##0.00_);[Red]("$"#,##',
??? '0%',
??? '0.00%',
??? '0.00E+00',
??? '# ?/?',
??? '# ??/??',
??? 'M/D/YY',
??? 'D-MMM-YY',
??? 'D-MMM',
??? 'MMM-YY',
??? 'h:mm AM/PM',
??? 'h:mm:ss AM/PM',
??? 'h:mm',
??? 'h:mm:ss',
??? 'M/D/YY h:mm',
??? '_(#,##0_);(#,##0)',
??? '_(#,##0_);[Red](#,##0)',
??? '_(#,##0.00_);(#,##0.00)',
??? '_(#,##0.00_);[Red](#,##0.00)',
??? '_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"*(#,##0);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_)',
??? '_(* #,##0_);_(* (#,##0);_(*"-"_);_(@_)',
??? '_("$"*#,##0.00_);_("$"* (#,##0.00);_("$"*"-"??_);_(@_)',
??? '_(* #,##0.00_);_(* (#,##0.00);_(*"-"??_);_(@_)',
??? 'mm:ss',
??? '[h]:mm:ss',
??? 'mm:ss.0',
??? '##0.0E+0',
??? '@'??
]
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i= 0
forfmt in fmts:
??? ws.write(i, 0, fmt)
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??? style = XFStyle()
??? style.num_format_str = fmt
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??? ws.write(i, 4, -1278.9078, style)
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??? i += 1
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w.save('num_formats.xls')
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更多的公式：
fromxlwt import *
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w= Workbook()
ws= w.add_sheet('F')
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ws.write(0,0, Formula("-(1+1)"))
ws.write(1,0, Formula("-(1+1)/(-2-2)"))
ws.write(2,0, Formula("-(134.8780789+1)"))
ws.write(3,0, Formula("-(134.8780789e-10+1)"))
ws.write(4,0, Formula("-1/(1+1)+9344"))
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ws.write(0,1, Formula("-(1+1)"))
ws.write(1,1, Formula("-(1+1)/(-2-2)"))
ws.write(2,1, Formula("-(134.8780789+1)"))
ws.write(3,1, Formula("-(134.8780789e-10+1)"))
ws.write(4,1, Formula("-1/(1+1)+9344"))
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ws.write(0,2, Formula("A1*B1"))
ws.write(1,2, Formula("A2*B2"))
ws.write(2,2, Formula("A3*B3"))
ws.write(3,2, Formula("A4*B4*sin(pi()/4)"))
ws.write(4,2, Formula("A5%*B5*pi()/1000"))
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##############
##NOTE: parameters are separated by semicolon!!!
##############
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ws.write(5,2,Formula("C1+C2+C3+C4+C5/(C1+C2+C3+C4/(C1+C2+C3+C4/(C1+C2+C3+C4)+C5)+C5)-20.3e-2"))
ws.write(5,3, Formula("C1^2"))
ws.write(6,2, Formula("SUM(C1;C2;;;;;C3;;;C4)"))
ws.write(6,3, Formula("SUM($A$1:$C$5)"))
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ws.write(7,0, Formula('"lkjljllkllkl"'))
ws.write(7,1, Formula('"yuyiyiyiyi"'))
ws.write(7,2, Formula('A8 & B8 & A8'))
ws.write(8,2, Formula('now()'))
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ws.write(10,2, Formula('TRUE'))
ws.write(11,2, Formula('FALSE'))
ws.write(12,3, Formula('IF(A1>A2;3;"hkjhjkhk")'))
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w.save('formulas.xls')
保護實例：
fromxlwt import *
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fnt= Font()
fnt.name= 'Arial'
fnt.colour_index= 4
fnt.bold= True
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borders= Borders()
borders.left= 6
borders.right= 6
borders.top= 6
borders.bottom= 6
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style= XFStyle()
style.font= fnt
style.borders= borders
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wb= Workbook()
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ws0= wb.add_sheet('Rows Outline')
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ws0.write_merge(1,1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(2,2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(3,3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws0.write_merge(4,4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(5,5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws0.write_merge(6,6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(7,7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws0.write_merge(8,8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws0.write_merge(9,9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)
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ws0.row(1).level= 1
ws0.row(2).level= 1
ws0.row(3).level= 2
ws0.row(4).level= 2
ws0.row(5).level= 2
ws0.row(6).level= 2
ws0.row(7).level= 2
ws0.row(8).level= 1
ws0.row(9).level= 1
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ws1= wb.add_sheet('Columns Outline')
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ws1.write_merge(1,1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(2,2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(3,3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws1.write_merge(4,4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(5,5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws1.write_merge(6,6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(7,7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws1.write_merge(8,8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws1.write_merge(9,9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)
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ws1.col(1).level= 1
ws1.col(2).level= 1
ws1.col(3).level= 2
ws1.col(4).level= 2
ws1.col(5).level= 2
ws1.col(6).level= 2
ws1.col(7).level= 2
ws1.col(8).level= 1
ws1.col(9).level= 1
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ws2= wb.add_sheet('Rows and Columns Outline')
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ws2.write_merge(1,1, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(2,2, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(3,3, 1, 3, 'test 2', style)
ws2.write_merge(4,4, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(5,5, 1, 4, 'test 3', style)
ws2.write_merge(6,6, 1, 5, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(7,7, 1, 5, 'test 4', style)
ws2.write_merge(8,8, 1, 4, 'test 1', style)
ws2.write_merge(9,9, 1, 3, 'test 5', style)
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ws2.row(1).level= 1
ws2.row(2).level= 1
ws2.row(3).level= 2
ws2.row(4).level= 2
ws2.row(5).level= 2
ws2.row(6).level= 2
ws2.row(7).level= 2
ws2.row(8).level= 1
ws2.row(9).level= 1
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ws2.col(1).level= 1
ws2.col(2).level= 1
ws2.col(3).level= 2
ws2.col(4).level= 2
ws2.col(5).level= 2
ws2.col(6).level= 2
ws2.col(7).level= 2
ws2.col(8).level= 1
ws2.col(9).level= 1
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ws0.protect= True
ws0.wnd_protect= True
ws0.obj_protect= True
ws0.scen_protect= True
ws0.password= "123456"
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ws1.protect= True
ws1.wnd_protect= True
ws1.obj_protect= True
ws1.scen_protect= True
ws1.password= "abcdefghij"
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ws2.protect= True
ws2.wnd_protect= True
ws2.obj_protect= True
ws2.scen_protect= True
ws2.password= "ok"
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wb.protect= True
wb.wnd_protect= True
wb.obj_protect= True
wb.save('protection.xls')
31.1.5 完整實例
下面程序的write_xls對輸出xls進行了一定封裝，比較有實用意義。
#Write an XLS file with a single worksheet, containing
#a heading row and some rows of data.
?
importxlwt
importdatetime
ezxf= xlwt.easyxf
?
defwrite_xls(file_name,sheet_name, headings, data, heading_xf, data_xfs):
??? book = xlwt.Workbook()
??? sheet = book.add_sheet(sheet_name)
??? rowx = 0
??? for colx, value in enumerate(headings):
??????? sheet.write(rowx, colx, value,heading_xf)
??? sheet.set_panes_frozen(True) # frozenheadings instead of split panes
??? sheet.set_horz_split_pos(rowx+1) # ingeneral, freeze after last heading row
??? sheet.set_remove_splits(True) # if userdoes unfreeze, don't leave a split there
??? for row in data:
??????? rowx += 1
??????? for colx, value in enumerate(row):
??????????? sheet.write(rowx, colx, value,data_xfs[colx])
??? book.save(file_name)
?
if__name__ == '__main__':
??? import sys
??? mkd = datetime.date
??? hdngs = ['Date', 'Stock Code', 'Quantity','Unit Price', 'Value', 'Message']
??? kinds =?'date??? text????????? int???????? price???????? money??? text'.split()
??? data = [
??????? [mkd(2007, 7, 1), 'ABC', 1000,1.234567, 1234.57, ''],
??????? [mkd(2007, 12, 31), 'XYZ', -100,4.654321, -465.43, 'Goods returned'],
??????? ] + [
??????????? [mkd(2008, 6, 30), 'PQRCD', 100,2.345678, 234.57, ''],
??????? ] * 100
?
??? heading_xf = ezxf('font: bold on; align:wrap on, vert centre, horiz center')
??? kind_to_xf_map = {
??????? 'date':ezxf(num_format_str='yyyy-mm-dd'),
??????? 'int': ezxf(num_format_str='#,##0'),
??????? 'money': ezxf('font: italic on;pattern: pattern solid, fore-colour grey25',
??????????? num_format_str='$#,##0.00'),
??????? 'price': ezxf(num_format_str='#0.000000'),
??????? 'text': ezxf(),
??????? }
??? data_xfs = [kind_to_xf_map[k] for k inkinds]
??? write_xls('xlwt_easyxf_simple_demo.xls','Demo', hdngs, data, heading_xf, data_xfs)
?
參考資料：
總結
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