华为路由交换VRRP配置
VRRP配置
學習目的
了解網(wǎng)絡負載均衡的功能和作用
理解VRRP協(xié)議的工作原理
掌握三層交換環(huán)境單組VRRP的配置方法
掌握VRRP認證配置方法
掌握VRRP跟蹤接口的配置方法
掌握使用VRRP實現(xiàn)負載均衡的配置方法
拓撲圖
????????
場景
???????? 你是公司的網(wǎng)絡管理員。當前的網(wǎng)絡中有兩個用戶。用R2、R3標注為公司用戶。R1使用回環(huán)口模擬為Internet服務器。此時網(wǎng)絡中有兩個網(wǎng)關，為實現(xiàn)冗余。現(xiàn)在使用VRRP來實現(xiàn)冗余。
學習任務
步驟一.基本配置與IP編址
???????? 在實驗之前，需要關閉部分設備接口，避免影響本次實驗。
???????? 本次實驗需要關閉S1的G0/0/9、G0/0/13和G0/0/14接口。關閉這些接口之后，開始實驗配置。
???????? 用戶網(wǎng)絡使用vlan1，S1使用vlan2與R1相連，S2使用vlan3與R1相連，R1配置loopback接口；R2、R3作為客戶，配置IP、缺省網(wǎng)關。
???????? 路由器R1模擬為廣域網(wǎng)，它的回環(huán)模擬為廣域網(wǎng)中的一臺服務器。
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface loopback0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 10.0.1.1 24
[R1-LoopBack0]interface g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.0.11.224
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]desc this portconnect to S1-G0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 10.0.12.224
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]desc this portconnect to S2-G0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
R2是局域網(wǎng)中的一臺PC設備，使用網(wǎng)段10.0.123.0/24,網(wǎng)關為10.0.123.1.
R3是局域網(wǎng)中的另一臺PC設備，使用網(wǎng)段為10.0.123.0/24,網(wǎng)關為10.0.123.1.
交換機S1配置vlan1、2、3，接口模式為hybird模式。將接口G0/0/10配置為Trunk接口，允許所有vlan通過，G0/0/1配置為access類型接口，屬于vlan2，G0/0/2配置為access類型接口，屬于vlan1.配置vlanif1，為vlan1提供網(wǎng)關服務，IP地址為10.0.123.2/24;配置vlanif2，作為與R1連接的三層接口，ip地址為10.0.11.1/24.
[Huawei]sysname S1
[S1]vlan batch 1 to 3
[S1]interface g0/0/10
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-typetrunk
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port trunkallow-pass vlan all
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]interface g0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-typeaccess
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]interface g0/0/2
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-typeaccess
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface vlanif 1
[S1-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.123.2 24
[S1-Vlanif1]interface vlanif 2
[S1-Vlanif2]ip add 10.0.11.1 24
交換機S2配置vlan1、2、3.接口默認為hybired模式。將接口G0/0/10配置成trunk接口，允許所有vlan通過，G0/0/2配置為access類型接口，屬于vlan3，G0/0/3配置為access類型接口，屬于vlan1.配置vlanif1，為vlan1提供網(wǎng)關服務，IP地址為10.0.123.3/24，配置vlanif3，作為與R1連接的三層接口，IP地址為10.0.12.1/24.
[Huawei]sysname S2
[S2]vlan batch 1 to 3
[S2]interface g0/0/10
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port link-typetrunk
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]port trunkallow-pass vlan all
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]interface g0/0/2
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-typeaccess
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan3
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]interface g0/0/3
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-typeaccess
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port default vlan1
[S2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]interface vlanif 1
[S2-Vlanif1]ip add 10.0.123.3 24
[S2-Vlanif1]interface vlanif 3
[S2-Vlanif3]ip add 10.0.12.1 24
???????? 配置完成后，測試直連鏈路的連通性，在S2上測試其于S1、R1、R2、R3之間的聯(lián)通行。（使用ping命令測試，加上參數(shù)“-c 1”代表一個ping包進行測試。默認連續(xù)發(fā)送5個）。
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.12.2
?PING 10.0.12.2: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=90 ms
?
? ---10.0.12.2 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 90/90/90 ms
?
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.2
?PING 10.0.123.2: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.123.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
?
? ---10.0.123.2 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 50/50/50 ms
?
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.4
?PING 10.0.123.4: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.123.4: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=128 time=70 ms
?
? ---10.0.123.4 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 70/70/70 ms
?
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.123.5
?PING 10.0.123.5: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.123.5: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=128 time=10 ms
?
? ---10.0.123.5 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 10/10/10 ms
步驟二.配置OSPF路由協(xié)議，實現(xiàn)s1、S2、R1之間的路由聯(lián)通
[S1]ospf 1.
[S1-ospf-1]area 0
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.00.255.255.255
[S1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[S1-ospf-1]silent-interface vlanif 1
?
[S2]ospf 1
[S2-ospf-1]area 0
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.00.255.255.255
[S2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]q
[S2-ospf-1]silent-interface vlanif 1
?
[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.0.0.00.255.255.255
配置完成后，稍等片刻，等待網(wǎng)絡收斂后，測試網(wǎng)絡的連通性。
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.11.1
?PING 10.0.11.1: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.11.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=60 ms
?
? ---10.0.11.1 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.1.1
?PING 10.0.1.1: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms
?
? ---10.0.1.1 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
??? round-tripmin/avg/max = 50/50/50 ms
?
[S2]ping -c 1 10.0.12.2
?PING 10.0.12.2: 56? data bytes,press CTRL_C to break
???Reply from 10.0.12.2: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
?
? ---10.0.12.2 ping statistics ---
??? 1packet(s) transmitted
??? 1packet(s) received
???0.00% packet loss
???round-trip min/avg/max = 60/60/60 ms
步驟三.配置VRRP，實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)關冗余
???????? S1配置VRRP，使用VRRP組1，默認優(yōu)先級為100，實驗中定義為105.
[S1]interface vlanif 1
[S1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip10.0.123.1
[S1-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 priority 105
?
[S2]interface vlanif 1
[S2-Vlanif1]vrrp vri??
[S2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 vir
[S2-Vlanif1]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip10.0.123.1
???????? 配置完成后，在R2和R3上測試他們與模擬的Internet服務器之間的通訊是否正常。
???????? 在S1上查看VRRP當前的狀態(tài)信息。
[S1]disp vrrp
?Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
? ??State : Master
???Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1
???Master IP : 10.0.123.2
???PriorityRun : 105
???PriorityConfig : 105
???MasterPriority : 105
???Preempt : YES?? Delay Time : 0 s
???TimerRun : 1 s
???TimerConfig : 1 s
???Auth type : NONE
???Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
???Check TTL : YES
???Config type : normal-vrrp
???Create time : 2014-07-03 11:58:33 UTC-08:00
Last change time: 2014-07-03 11:58:37 UTC-08:00
當前R2與R3都是通過S1將數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送至internet的。關閉S1的vlanif 1接口，然后測試網(wǎng)絡是否正常切換。
[S1]interface vlanif 1
[S1-Vlanif1]shutdown
???????? 在R2與R3上測試他們與模擬Internet服務器之間的通訊是否正常。
???????? 此時相當于S1設備停止工作，查看S1與S2的VRRP狀態(tài)。
[S1]disp vrrp
?Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
??? State : Initialize
???Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1
???Master IP : 0.0.0.0
???PriorityRun : 105
???PriorityConfig : 105
???MasterPriority : 0
???Preempt : YES?? Delay Time : 0 s
???TimerRun : 1 s
???TimerConfig : 1 s
???Auth type : NONE
???Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
???Check TTL : YES
???Config type : normal-vrrp
???Create time : 2014-07-03 11:58:33 UTC-08:00
Last change time: 2014-07-03 12:09:28 UTC-08:00
?
<S2>dispvrrp
? Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
? ??State : Master
??? Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1
??? Master IP : 10.0.123.2
??? PriorityRun : 100
??? PriorityConfig : 100
??? MasterPriority : 100
??? Preempt : YES?? Delay Time : 0 s
??? TimerRun : 1 s
??? TimerConfig : 1 s
??? Auth type : NONE
??? Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
??? Check TTL : YES
??? Config type : normal-vrrp
??? Create time : 2014-07-03 12:01:18 UTC-08:00
??? Last change time : 2014-07-03 12:01:21UTC-08:00
步驟四.跟蹤接口狀態(tài)
???????? 重新打開S1的vlanif1接口，并配置S1、S2蹤它們的G0/0/1、G0/0/2接口。
[S1]interfacevlanif 1
[S1-Vlanif1]undoshutdown
???????? 查看S1的vrrp狀態(tài)。
[S1]displ vrrp
? Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
??? State : Master
??? Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1
??? Master IP : 10.0.123.2
??? PriorityRun : 105
??? PriorityConfig : 105
??? MasterPriority : 105
??? Preempt : YES?? Delay Time : 0 s
??? TimerRun : 1 s
??? TimerConfig : 1 s
??? Auth type : NONE
??? Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
??? Check TTL : YES
??? Config type : normal-vrrp
??? Create time : 2014-07-03 11:58:33 UTC-08:00
??? Last change time : 2014-07-03 12:21:05UTC-08:00
???????? 此時R2與R3通過S1發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給internet。如果關閉S1的G0/0/1接口，或關閉R1的G0/0/1接口，網(wǎng)絡將無法自動切換到通過S2發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)給internet。
???????? 關閉S1的G0/0/1接口
[S1]interfaceg0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown
[S1]dis vrrp brief
VRID? State???????Interface??????????????? Type???? Virtual IP????
----------------------------------------------------------------
1???? Master?????? Vlanif1????????????????? Normal?? 10.0.123.1????
----------------------------------------------------------------
Total:1???? Master:1???? Backup:0???? Non-active:0
注：使用brief參數(shù)可以顯示簡略信息。
測試R2與internet的連通性。
顯示無法正常通信
重新打開S1的G0/0/1接口
[S1]interfaceg0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undoshutdown
S1和S2上配置VRRP的接口跟蹤，定義跟蹤G0/0/1接口，如果接口被關閉，則由此岸及降低10.這樣的情況下，S2將搶占S1的VRRP主角色
[S1]interfacevlanif 1
[S1-Vlanif1]vrrpvrid 1 track interface g0/0/1 reduced 10
?
[S2]interfacevlanif 1
[S2-Vlanif1]vrrpvrid 1 track interface g0/0/2 reduced 10
此時，測試網(wǎng)絡的連通性。
網(wǎng)絡正常時，R2可以與internet服務器通信。
關閉S1的G0/0/1接口
[S1]interfaceg0/0/1
[S1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown
測試R2與internet服務器之間的連通性。
通訊依然正常，查看S1的vrrp狀態(tài)。
[S1]dis vrrp
? Vlanif1 | Virtual Router 1
??? State : Backup
??? Virtual IP : 10.0.123.1
??? Master IP : 10.0.123.3
??? PriorityRun : 95
??? PriorityConfig : 105
??? MasterPriority : 100
??? Preempt : YES?? Delay Time : 0 s
??? TimerRun : 1 s
??? TimerConfig : 1 s
??? Auth type : NONE
??? Virtual MAC : 0000-5e00-0101
??? Check TTL : YES
??? Config type : normal-vrrp
??? Track IF :GigabitEthernet0/0/1?? Priority reduced :10
??? IF state : DOWN
??? Create time : 2014-07-03 11:58:33 UTC-08:00
??? Last change time : 2014-07-03 14:58:38UTC-08:00
轉載于:https://blog.51cto.com/1054054/1434990
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