軟件工程 軟件設計 步驟

For good quality software to be produced, the software design must also be of good quality. Now, the matter of concern is how the quality of good software design is measured? This is done by observing certain factors in software design. These factors are:

為了生產高質量的軟件，軟件設計也必須具有高質量。 現在，值得關注的問題是如何衡量好的軟件設計的質量？ 這是通過觀察軟件設計中的某些因素來完成的。 這些因素是：

Correctness

正確性

Understandability

易懂

Efficiency

效率

Maintainability

可維護性

Now, let us define each of them in detail,

現在，讓我們詳細定義它們中的每一個，

1)正確性 (1) Correctness)

First of all, the design of any software is evaluated for its correctness. The evaluators check the software for every kind of input and action and observe the results that the software will produce according to the proposed design. If the results are correct for every input, the design is accepted and is considered that the software produced according to this design will function correctly.

首先，評估任何軟件的設計的正確性。 評估人員檢查軟件的各種輸入和動作，并觀察軟件根據擬議設計產生的結果。 如果每個輸入的結果均正確，則接受該設計，并認為根據此設計生產的軟件將正常運行。

2)可理解性 (2) Understandability)

The software design should be understandable so that the developers do not find any difficulty to understand it. Good software design should be self- explanatory. This is because there are hundreds and thousands of developers that develop different modules of the software, and it would be very time consuming to explain each design to each developer. So, if the design is easy and self- explanatory, it would be easy for the developers to implement it and build the same software that is represented in the design.

軟件設計應該易于理解，以便開發人員在理解它時不會遇到任何困難。 好的軟件設計應該可以自我解釋。 這是因為有成千上萬的開發人員在開發軟件的不同模塊，并且向每個開發人員解釋每個設計非常耗時。 因此，如果設計簡單易懂，開發人員很容易實現它并構建與設計中相同的軟件。

3)效率 (3) Efficiency)

The software design must be efficient. The efficiency of the software can be estimated from the design phase itself, because if the design is describing software that is not efficient and useful, then the developed software would also stand on the same level of efficiency. Hence, for efficient and good quality software to be developed, care must be taken in the designing phase itself.

軟件設計必須高效。 可以從設計階段本身估算軟件的效率，因為如果設計描述的軟件效率不高且不實用，那么開發的軟件也將處于相同的效率水平。 因此，要開發高效，高質量的軟件，必須在設計階段本身就應格外小心。

4)可維護性 (4) Maintainability)

The software design must be in such a way that modifications can be easily made in it. This is because every software needs time to time modifications and maintenance. So, the design of the software must also be able to bear such changes. It should not be the case that after making some modifications the other features of the software start misbehaving. Any change made in the software design must not affect the other available features, and if the features are getting affected, then they must be handled properly.

軟件設計必須采用易于修改的方式。 這是因為每個軟件都需要時間進行修改和維護。 因此，軟件的設計還必須能夠承受此類更改。 在進行了一些修改之后，軟件的其他功能可能不會開始出現異常。 軟件設計中進行的任何更改都不得影響其他可用功能，并且如果這些功能受到影響，則必須對其進行正確處理。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/characteristics-of-a-good-software-design-software-engineering.aspx

軟件工程 軟件設計 步驟

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