c構造函數和析構函數

Program 1:

程序1：

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Sample { private:int X;int Y;public:Sample(){X = 0;Y = 0;}Sample(int x, int y){X = X;Y = Y;}void print(){cout << X << " " << Y << endl;} };int main() {Sample S1;Sample S2(10, 20);S1.print();S2.print();return 0; }

Output:

輸出：

0 0 0 0 [or - Some garbage value]

Explanation:

說明：

In the above program, we created a Sample class with data member X and Y, two constructors one is default constructor and the other is the parameterized constructor.

在上面的程序中，我們創建了一個帶有數據成員X和Y的Sample類，兩個構造函數一個是默認構造函數 ，另一個是參數化構造函數 。

The default constructor will initialize the data members by 0. But there is a problem with parameterized constructor; here we assign data members by itself instead of local parameters. Then, data members X, and Y will contain garbage values.

默認的構造函數將以0初始化數據成員。 在這里，我們自己分配數據成員，而不是局部參數。 然后，數據成員X和Y將包含垃圾值。

Look to the main() function, here we created two objects S1 and S2.

看一下main()函數，在這里我們創建了兩個對象S1和S2 。

S1 initialized with the default constructor so the data members of S1 will be initialized with 0.

S1使用默認構造函數初始化，因此S1的數據成員將使用0初始化。

S2 object will call the parameterized constructor, so data members of S2 will contain garbage values.

S2對象將調用參數化的構造函數，因此S2的數據成員將包含垃圾值。

When we call the print() function with S1, then it will print "0 0" on the console screen. And when we call the print() function with S2, then it will print garbage value on the console screen.

當我們使用S1調用print()函數時，它將在控制臺屏幕上打印“ 0 0” 。 當我們使用S2調用print()函數時，它將在控制臺屏幕上打印垃圾值。

Program 2:

程式2：

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Sample { private:int X;int Y;public:Sample(){X = 0;Y = 0;}Sample(int x, int y){X = x;Y = y;}void print(){cout << X << " " << Y << endl;} };int main() {Sample S1;Sample S2 = Sample(10, 20);Sample S3(30, 40);S1.print();S2.print();S3.print();return 0; }

Output:

輸出：

0 0 10 20 30 40

Explanation:

說明：

In the above program, we created a Sample class with data member X and Y, we created two constructors one is the default constructor and the other is the parameterized constructor.

在上面的程序中，我們創建了一個帶有數據成員X和Y的Sample類，我們創建了兩個構造函數，一個是默認構造函數，另一個是參數化構造函數。

The default constructor will initialize the data members by 0, and the parameters constructor will initialize data members by specified values.

默認構造函數將通過0初始化數據成員，而參數構造函數將通過指定的值初始化數據成員。

Coming to the main() function. Here we created 3 objects of S1, S2, and S3. S1 initialized by default construct whereas S2 and S3 initialized by the parameterized constructor. S2 and S3 are used in different ways to create objects with the parameterized constructor, but both have the same effect.

來到main()函數。 在這里，我們創建了S1 ， S2和S3的 3個對象。 S1由默認構造初始化，而S2和S3由參數化構造函數初始化。 S2和S3以不同的方式用于通過參數化構造函數創建對象，但是兩者具有相同的效果。

S1 initialized X and Y by 0 and 0 respectively.
S2 initialized X and Y by 10 and 20 respectively.
S3 initialized X and Y by 30 and 40 respectively.

S1分別用0和0初始化X和Y。
S2分別將X和Y初始化為10和20。
S3分別將X和Y初始化為30和40。

We print the values of all objects using the print() function.

我們使用print()函數打印所有對象的值。

Program 3:

程式3：

#include <iostream> using namespace std;class Sample { private:int X;int Y;public:Sample(){X = 0;Y = 0;}void set(int x, int y){X = x;Y = y;}void print(){cout << X << " " << Y << endl;} };int main() {Sample S[2];Sample* PTR;PTR = S;PTR[0].set(10, 20);PTR[1].set(30, 40);PTR[0].print();PTR[1].print();return 0; }

Output:

輸出：

10 20 30 40

Explanation:

說明：

In the above program, we created a class Sample that contains two data members X and Y, one default constructor, set() and print() member functions.

在上面的程序中，我們創建了一個Sample類，其中包含兩個數據成員X和Y ，一個默認構造函數， set()和print()成員函數。

Coming to the main() function, we created the array of objects with size 2, and a pointer that initialized with the base address of array objects. And then called set() and print() functions using the pointer, by this way functions will be called correctly and they print the assigned values.

來到main()函數中，我們創建了大小為2的對象數組，以及一個以數組對象的基地址初始化的指針。 然后使用指針調用set()和print()函數，這樣將正確調用函數，并打印分配的值。

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翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/cpp-tutorial/constructor-and-destructor-find-output-programs-set-1.aspx

c構造函數和析構函數

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