系統(tǒng)固件升級

固件 (Firmware)

Firmware is somewhere similar to software but it is not a software. Somehow it is a modified form of software.

固件與軟件相似，但不是軟件。 不知何故，它是軟件的修改形式。

Firmware is fixed data or code that is embedded in any device whether it is any computer or electronic appliances or computer peripheral. It is used to control, manage and monitor the data of various engineering product or consumer appliances.

固件是嵌入在任何設(shè)備中的固定數(shù)據(jù)或代碼，無論是計算機，電子設(shè)備還是計算機外圍設(shè)備。 它用于控制，管理和監(jiān)視各種工程產(chǎn)品或消費類設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)。

"Firmware = Unmodified or fixed code"

“固件=未經(jīng)修改或固定的代碼”

Example: In a washing machine, there is pre-programmed and embedded firmware. When you set the timer then it gets the start and does all the functions that are instructed by the firmware.

示例：在洗衣機中，有預(yù)編程和嵌入式固件。 設(shè)置計時器后，它將啟動并執(zhí)行固件指示的所有功能。

Operations in firmware

固件中的操作

Firmware contains low-level operations and it makes any device be functional. Hardware devices controlled by firmware. Somehow every piece of hardware has some kind of firmware installed in it.

固件包含低級操作，它可使任何設(shè)備正常工作。 由固件控制的硬件設(shè)備。 每種硬件都以某種方式安裝了某種固件。

All the software is written in high-level languages but it is written in low-level language that is assembly or machine language. The language which is understandable by the hardware.

所有軟件均以高級語言編寫，但以匯編或機器語言等低級語言編寫。 硬件可以理解的語言。

Commands given by firmware

固件給出的命令

Firmware gives commands to both main memory and secondary memory. At the time of booting it gives commands to RAM to take OS codes and another command to ROM to give a copy of its OS code to RAM.

固件向主存儲器和輔助存儲器發(fā)出命令。 在啟動時，它向RAM提供命令以獲取OS代碼，向ROM提供另一個命令以向OS提供其OS代碼的副本。

Where it resides in memory?

它在內(nèi)存中的位置？

Firmware is in non- volatile memory such as ROM or flash memory. Changes in the firmware are rarely or not done in the past but at present, it is possible to change it after manufacture.

固件位于諸如ROM或閃存之類的非易失性存儲器中。 過去很少或很少進行固件更改，但目前，可以在制造后進行更改。

Example: If a particular company or brand wants to change its basic functionalities or to add some another feature so they can change its firmware so that changes will automatically occur in the device of that brand.

示例：如果某個特定的公司或品牌想要更改其基本功能或添加其他功能，以便他們可以更改其固件，則更改將自動在該品牌的設(shè)備中發(fā)生。

The optical and hard drive are components for reading and writing data, the firmware is part that does this job on request.

光盤驅(qū)動器和硬盤驅(qū)動器是用于讀取和寫入數(shù)據(jù)的組件，固件是根據(jù)要求執(zhí)行此工作的部分。

BIOS is a firmware which contains all the basic functions needed to start up a computer.

BIOS是一種固件，其中包含啟動計算機所需的所有基本功能。

Firmware is a single purpose but OS is general-purpose that allows any kind of software to run on multiple hardware.

固件是單一用途，但OS是通用用途，它允許任何類型的軟件在多種硬件上運行。

操作系統(tǒng) (Operating System)

• Operating System(OS) is system software. The system software is designed to provide an environment to facilitate writing application programs. Example, compiler, assembler, interpreter.

  操作系統(tǒng)(OS)是系統(tǒng)軟件。 該系統(tǒng)軟件旨在提供一個有助于編寫應(yīng)用程序的環(huán)境。 示例，編譯器，匯編器，解釋器。

• OS is a collection of programs. It works between end-user and hardware of a computer.

  OS是程序的集合。 它在最終用戶和計算機硬件之間工作。

• It manages the resources of the computer such as processor, input and output devices, secondary storage devices.

  它管理計算機的資源，例如處理器，輸入和輸出設(shè)備，輔助存儲設(shè)備。

It provides a platform on which other programs called application programs can run. Those application programs help the user to perform the task easily.

它提供了一個平臺，可以在該平臺上運行稱為應(yīng)用程序的其他程序。 這些應(yīng)用程序可幫助用戶輕松執(zhí)行任務(wù)。

It is initially loaded into the computer by boot program and manages all application programs.

它最初是通過引導(dǎo)程序加載到計算機中的，并管理所有應(yīng)用程序。

Programs make use of Operating System by requesting its services through a defined application program.

程序通過定義的應(yīng)用程序來請求操作系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)，從而利用操作系統(tǒng)。

It provides templates, UI components so that end user can efficiently perform desired functions.

它提供模板和UI組件，以便最終用戶可以有效地執(zhí)行所需的功能。

It is stored in mass storage devices.

它存儲在大容量存儲設(shè)備中。

Example: Windows, Linux etc.

例如： Windows，Linux等

Need of Operating System

操作系統(tǒng)需求

• If I want to access any device or execute any job so that I have to instruct that device for this we have to write a program. Just like to print any document, the print command is given to invoking the printer.

  如果我要訪問任何設(shè)備或執(zhí)行任何作業(yè)，以便為此必須指示該設(shè)備，我們必須編寫一個程序。 就像打印任何文檔一樣，將打印命令用于調(diào)用打印機。

  Writing programs individually for each task will complicate the interactivity between user and hardware devices.

  為每個任務(wù)單獨編寫程序會使用戶和硬件設(shè)備之間的交互復(fù)雜化。

• If I am a user and I am accessing a hardware device and at the same point of time another user wants to access that device and I am not releasing it so there is no authority between user and hardware who give me the command to relinquish control over that device.

  如果我是用戶，并且正在訪問硬件設(shè)備，并且同一時間另一個用戶想要訪問該設(shè)備，而我沒有釋放該設(shè)備，則用戶和硬件之間沒有權(quán)限，誰給我該命令以放棄對該設(shè)備。

  So there are so many reasons by which we have to use OS.

  因此，有很多原因?qū)е挛覀儾坏貌皇褂肙S。

Functional Area

功能區(qū)域

• Resource Management: Allocation of resources such as compilers, assemblers, utility programs etc.

  資源管理：資源的分配，例如編譯器，匯編器，實用程序等。

• Processor Management: Allocating processors to different jobs.

  處理器管理：將處理器分配給不同的作業(yè)。

• Memory Management: Assignment of main memory and other storage devices.

  內(nèi)存管理：分配主內(nèi)存和其他存儲設(shè)備。

• File Management: Keeping record of files on various storage devices.

  文件管理：在各種存儲設(shè)備上記錄文件。

• Security and privacy: maintaining authenticity of the system.

  安全性和私密性：維護系統(tǒng)的真實性。

• Input / Output Management: maintaining interaction and allocation of various input and output devices.

  輸入/輸出管理：維護各種輸入和輸出設(shè)備的交互和分配。

• Switching from job to job guided by the special control statements.

  在特殊控制語句的指導(dǎo)下從作業(yè)切換到作業(yè)。

• Generation of traces, error messages and other debugging and error detecting facility.

  跟蹤，錯誤消息以及其他調(diào)試和錯誤檢測工具的生成。

• Keep record of internal time clock and log of system usage.

  保留內(nèi)部時鐘記錄和系統(tǒng)使用情況日志。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/operating-systems/differences-between-firmware-and-operating-system.aspx

系統(tǒng)固件升級

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