ubuntu路由器聯(lián)網(wǎng)

路由器簡介 (Introduction to Router)

Routers are network layer devices. Data on the network layer is known as packets. Routers work to forward packets from one network to another. Routers also maintain the address table.

路由器是網(wǎng)絡(luò)層設(shè)備。 網(wǎng)絡(luò)層上的數(shù)據(jù)稱為數(shù)據(jù)包。 路由器負(fù)責(zé)將數(shù)據(jù)包從一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 路由器還維護(hù)地址表。

One thing you should always keep in mind is that the Router does not send a packet to the destination host but rather to the destination network.

您應(yīng)始終牢記的一件事是，路由器不會(huì)將數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送到目標(biāo)主機(jī)，而是發(fā)送到目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

For example, a host is sending data to another host that is in another network. Router's only situation in this is that it receives data from a network and sends it to another network. After this, the responsibility of switching the data to the host is to switch.

例如，一臺(tái)主機(jī)正在將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的另一個(gè)主機(jī)。 路由器唯一的情況是它從網(wǎng)絡(luò)接收數(shù)據(jù)并將其發(fā)送到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 此后，將數(shù)據(jù)切換到主機(jī)的責(zé)任就是切換。

As we told you earlier, routers routing tables maintain. In a simple routing table, the IP address of the final destination network of a packet is the IP address of the next network, and the routing is maintained.

如前所述，路由器路由表得以維護(hù)。 在一個(gè)簡單的路由表中，數(shù)據(jù)包的最終目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的IP地址是下一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的IP地址，并且路由被維護(hù)。

Final destination network is the network in which destination host is sent for which data has been sent. Next network is a network that is between the source network and the destination network. Such networks are also called next hop. And the routing metrics are used to find the shortest path to the final network.

最終目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是在其中發(fā)送了數(shù)據(jù)的目標(biāo)主機(jī)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 下一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是源網(wǎng)絡(luò)和目標(biāo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)也稱為下一跳。 路由度量用于查找通往最終網(wǎng)絡(luò)的最短路徑。

路由器的工作 (Working of Routers)

The router is a Hardware Networking Device. It is used in the network. Whenever there is a data that travels from one network to another in the form of a Packet then the Router receives the Packet data and forwards the Destination Device after analyzing any hidden information in the Data Packet. This Networking Device is used to add different Networks via Wire or Wirelessly in Upsa. However, it is also used at home, which we call the Wireless Router with which you access the Internet.

路由器是硬件網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備。 在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中使用。 每當(dāng)有數(shù)據(jù)以數(shù)據(jù)包的形式從一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播到另一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)，路由器都會(huì)在分析數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)包中的任何隱藏信息之后接收數(shù)據(jù)包數(shù)據(jù)并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)目標(biāo)設(shè)備。 此網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備用于在Upsa中通過有線或無線方式添加不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 但是，它也可以在家庭中使用，我們稱之為無線路由器，您可以使用該路由器訪問Internet。

As you would know, Computer network follows the OSI Model. The router works on the Network Layer from the 7 Layer of the OSI Model. This device is made from Hardware and Software. It has an Operating System, CPU, Memory Storage and some I / O Ports. This Operating System is not like Windows or MAC. Routing Algorithm and Routing Table are stored in Storage Memory.

如您所知，計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)遵循OSI模型。 路由器從OSI模型的7層在網(wǎng)絡(luò)層上工作。 該設(shè)備由硬件和軟件制成。 它具有操作系統(tǒng)，CPU，內(nèi)存存儲(chǔ)和一些I / O端口。 該操作系統(tǒng)不同于Windows或MAC。 路由算法和路由表存儲(chǔ)在存儲(chǔ)存儲(chǔ)器中。

It is found through the Routing Algorithm and Routing Table that the input packet has been received. To send that packet to which network or to the corner device which analyses it.

通過路由算法和路由表可以發(fā)現(xiàn)已收到輸入數(shù)據(jù)包。 將數(shù)據(jù)包發(fā)送到哪個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)或分析它的角落設(shè)備。

For example, let's consider a courier boy as a router. Courier boy receives the courier from the courier office. After this, he notes the address and name on Parcel. After which he decides which place and where to give Parcel. After that, he sends the Parcel to the receiver's address. Now let’s understand this example through routers’ perspective.

例如，讓我們考慮一個(gè)快遞男孩作為路由器。 快遞員男孩從快遞員辦公室接收快遞員。 此后，他在包裹上注明了地址和名字。 之后，他決定在哪個(gè)地方寄包裹。 之后，他將包裹發(fā)送到收件人的地址。 現(xiàn)在讓我們通過路由器的角度來理解這個(gè)例子。

According to the above example, "Parcel" is your data packet. Like the courier, boy finds the address. Similarly, Router also selects the Shortest Path to detect the Receiver Address of Packets by the Routing Table after which it is sent. As there is a list of an address near the courier boy, there is also a description in the Routing Table.

根據(jù)以上示例，“包裹”是您的數(shù)據(jù)包。 像快遞員一樣，男孩找到了地址。 類似地，路由器還選擇最短路徑以通過路由表檢測數(shù)據(jù)包的接收方地址，然后發(fā)送該最短路徑。 由于快遞員附近有一個(gè)地址列表，因此路由表中也有描述。

路由器使用的協(xié)議 (Protocols used with Routers)

Routers use 2 types of protocols to forward data to a network:

路由器使用兩種類型的協(xié)議將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)：

• Routed protocols

  路由協(xié)議

  Every device in such protocols is given an IP address manually. Only then devices know each other's location. An example of this type of protocol is the IP (Internet Protocol). Data is sent through such protocols.

  此類協(xié)議中的每個(gè)設(shè)備都會(huì)手動(dòng)獲得一個(gè)IP地址。 只有這樣，設(shè)備才能知道彼此的位置。 此類協(xié)議的一個(gè)示例是IP(Internet協(xié)議)。 數(shù)據(jù)通過此類協(xié)議發(fā)送。

• Routing protocols

  路由協(xié)議

  Such protocols are used between routers. With the help of these, routers update their routing tables. When a router receives information from a new network, it updates it in its routing table and this information updates with other routers automatically with the help of routing protocols. In the example of routing protocols, the main name is EIGRP, RIP, and OSPF.

  這些協(xié)議在路由器之間使用。 借助這些，路由器可以更新其路由表。 當(dāng)路由器從新網(wǎng)絡(luò)接收信息時(shí)，它將在其路由表中對(duì)其進(jìn)行更新，并且該信息將在路由協(xié)議的幫助下與其他路由器自動(dòng)更新。 在路由協(xié)議示例中，主要名稱為EIGRP，RIP和OSPF。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/routers-and-its-protocols.aspx

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