數據庫系統數據庫管理系統

數據庫 (Database)

A database is a collection of related data. In database any user can efficiently access the data which users want to retrieve. It can be anything from a simple collection of roll numbers, names, addresses and phone numbers of students to a complex collection of sound, images, and even video or film clippings. Though they are generally computerized, instances of non-computerized database from everyday life can be cited in abundance. A dictionary, a phone book, a collection of recipes and a TV guides are the examples of non computerized database. The examples of computerized database include customer files, employee rosters, books catalogue, equipment inventories and sales transactions.

數據庫是相關數據的集合。 在數據庫中，任何用戶都可以有效地訪問用戶想要檢索的數據。 它可以是任何種類，從簡單的學生卷名，姓名，地址和電話號碼到復雜的聲音，圖像甚至視頻或電影剪輯集。 盡管它們通常是計算機化的，但可以大量引用日常生活中非計算機化數據庫的實例。 字典，電話簿，食譜集和電視指南是非計算機數據庫的示例。 計算機化數據庫的示例包括客戶文件，員工名冊，書籍目錄，設備庫存和銷售交易。

數據庫管理系統(DBMS) (Database Management System (DBMS))

It is a collection of interrelated data usually called database and a set of programs to access, update and manage those data which form part of management system. In word, it is a software package to facilitate creation and maintenance of computerized database.

它是通常稱為數據庫的相互關聯數據的集合，以及一組訪問，更新和管理構成管理系統一部分的數據的程序。 簡而言之，它是一個軟件包，用于促進計算機數據庫的創建和維護。

It is general purpose software that facilitates creation the following...

它是通用軟件，可幫助創建以下內容...

• Defining

  定義

  It specifies the data types and structures and some constraints for data to be stored.

  它指定了數據類型和結構以及要存儲的數據的一些約束。

• Constructing

  建造中

  It Helps us to construct a new database and storing data in a storage medium.

  它有助于我們構建新的數據庫并將數據存儲在存儲介質中。

• Manipulating

  操縱

  Its helps us to manipulate existing data involving new queries, updating and generating reports.

  它有助于我們處理涉及新查詢，更新和生成報告的現有數據。

• Sharing

  分享

  Its allowing the multiple users and programs to access data simultaneously. It allows multiple users to work on the same time.

  它允許多個用戶和程序同時訪問數據。 它允許多個用戶同時工作。

Examples: Ms Access, Dbase, FileMaker, ORACLE etc.

示例： Access，Dbase，FileMaker，ORACLE等。

數據庫需求方法 (Needs of database Approach)

• Before database approach, information on a computer is stored in OS files. To allow users to manipulate the information, the system has a number of applications programs that manipulate files. This is known as File processing system.

  在使用數據庫方法之前，計算機上的信息存儲在OS文件中。 為了允許用戶操縱信息，系統具有許多操縱文件的應用程序。 這稱為文件處理系統。

• File based system uses all early attempt to computerize the manual filling Systems However, rather than a centralized approach , to steer data decentralized approach where each department store and control its data.

  基于文件的系統使用了所有早期嘗試來對手動填充系統進行計算機化處理。但是，不是采用集中式方法，而是將數據分散式方法引導到每個部門存儲和控制其數據的位置。

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數據庫管理系統的優勢 (Advantages of Database Management System)

• Reduction of redundancies

  減少冗余

  In this there is a centralized control of data and DBA (database administrator) which avoids unnecessary duplication of data. It also eliminates the extra processing necessary.

  通過這種方式，可以對數據和DBA(數據庫管理員)進行集中控制，從而避免了不必要的數據重復。 它還消除了必要的額外處理。

• Elimination of inconsistencies

  消除不一致

  The main advantage of avoiding duplication is the elimination of inconsistencies that tend to present in redundant data files. Redundancies of data in the DBMs are controlled and multiple copies of data are consistent.

  避免重復的主要優點是消除了冗余數據文件中容易出現的不一致性。 DBM中的數據冗余得到控制，并且數據的多個副本是一致的。

• Shared data

  共享資料

  A database allow the sharing of data under its control by any number of application programs or users.

  數據庫允許在任意數量的應用程序或用戶的控制下共享數據。

  Example: the application for the public relations and payroll departments can share the same data.

  示例：公共關系和薪資部門的申請可以共享相同的數據。

• Integrity

  廉正

  Data Integrity means that the data contained in the database in both accurate and consistent. DBMS provides the function of security and some types of checks which main the data integrity.

  數據完整性意味著數據庫中包含的數據準確且一致。 DBMS提供安全功能和某些檢查類型，這些檢查主要影響數據完整性。

• Security

  安全

  Data is of vital importance to an organization and may be confidential. Such confidential data must not be accessed by unauthorized persons. The DBA who has the ultimate responsibility or the data in the DBMS can ensure that proper access procedure is allowed.

  數據對組織至關重要，并且可能是機密的。 未經授權的人員不得訪問此類機密數據。 負有最終責任的DBA或DBMS中的數據可以確保允許正確的訪問過程。

• Conflict resolution

  解決沖突

  Since the database is under control of the DBA, he/she should resolve the conflicting requirements of various users and applications.

  由于數據庫處于DBA的控制之下，因此他/她應解決各種用戶和應用程序的沖突要求。

Reference: Database

參考： 數據庫

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/dbms/introduction-of-database-management-system.aspx

數據庫系統數據庫管理系統

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