軟件開發(fā)模型和軟件過程模型

軟件 (Software)

Software is a set of instructions which instructs the computer for performing different operations. Software is nothing else but a general name for computer programs.

軟件是一組指令，指導(dǎo)計(jì)算機(jī)執(zhí)行不同的操作。 軟件不過是計(jì)算機(jī)程序的通用名稱。

A computer without software is just an empty box which is not capable of performing any functions because the hardware needs the software so that it can perform certain tasks. So, as the soul is to the human body, the software is to the computer (Though unlike human beings computer can have multiple software in it).

沒有軟件的計(jì)算機(jī)只是一個(gè)空盒子，它不能執(zhí)行任何功能，因?yàn)橛布枰浖拍軋?zhí)行某些任務(wù)。 因此，就像靈魂對人體一樣，軟件對計(jì)算機(jī)也一樣(盡管與人類不同，計(jì)算機(jī)可以在其中包含多個(gè)軟件)。

Now let us discuss what is a Software Process?

現(xiàn)在讓我們討論什么是軟件過程？

軟件流程 (Software process)

The software process, as the name suggests is the process that follows while developing any software. The complete routine: from the idea of the software to its completion till its retirement is called the Software process. The whole Software Engineering deals with the Software Process itself. Because if we can enhance the software process in terms of quality and by reducing the time and cost required to complete it, our final product will also be more efficient in all aspects.

顧名思義， 軟件過程就是開發(fā)任何軟件時(shí)遵循的過程。 完整的例程：從軟件的構(gòu)想到完成直至退出為止的過程稱為軟件過程。 整個(gè)軟件工程涉及軟件過程本身。 因?yàn)槿绻覀兛梢栽谫|(zhì)量上提高軟件過程并通過減少完成該過程所需的時(shí)間和成本來增強(qiáng)它，那么我們的最終產(chǎn)品在各個(gè)方面也將更加高效。

The Software Process is concerned with every part of the software: the idea of the software, the requirements of the project, the skills of its developers, production time, total cost, etc. So, if we can improve our Software Process, the quality of our final product will also be improved automatically. But it is not an easy task to improve the Software Process. This is due to the following reasons,

軟件過程涉及軟件的每個(gè)部分：軟件的概念，項(xiàng)目的要求，開發(fā)人員的技能，生產(chǎn)時(shí)間，總成本等。因此，如果我們可以改善軟件過程，那么質(zhì)量我們最終產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量也會自動得到改善。 但是，改善軟件流程并非易事。 這是由于以下原因，

為什么很難改善軟件流程？ (Why is it difficult to improve Software Process?)

Not Enough Time:

時(shí)間不足 ：

The developers and the other software developing team do not have enough time for analyzing all the aspects of the project. So, instead of discussing and planning the project idea, they directly jump onto the designing and coding phase.

開發(fā)人員和其他軟件開發(fā)團(tuán)隊(duì)沒有足夠的時(shí)間來分析項(xiàng)目的所有方面。 因此，他們無需討論和計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目構(gòu)想，而是直接跳到設(shè)計(jì)和編碼階段。

Lack of Knowledge:

知識不足 ：

A software may require the knowledge of several fields. But even though the developers may not have the sufficient knowledge and skills for building the project, still they start doing it and later on face problems which in most of the cases leads to cancellation of the project in its halfway.

軟件可能需要幾個(gè)領(lǐng)域的知識。 但是，即使開發(fā)人員可能沒有足夠的知識和技能來構(gòu)建項(xiàng)目，但他們?nèi)匀婚_始這樣做，后來又遇到問題，這在大多數(shù)情況下會導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目中途取消。

Wrong Motivations:

錯(cuò)誤的動機(jī) ：

The Wrong motivations also sometimes results in starting of the project without any discussions and planning and later the project being canceled.

錯(cuò)誤的動機(jī)有時(shí)還會導(dǎo)致項(xiàng)目開始，而沒有任何討論和計(jì)劃，后來項(xiàng)目被取消。

Insufficient commitment:

承諾不足 ：

As there lack of knowledge and skills among the software developers, they are not able to commit before making any module of the project. So, in the early phase, we are not sure whether we will get that particular module or not.

由于軟件開發(fā)人員之間缺乏知識和技能，因此他們無法在制作項(xiàng)目任何模塊之前就下定決心。 因此，在早期階段，我們不確定是否將獲得該特定模塊。

翻譯自: https://www.includehelp.com/basics/what-is-a-software-and-a-software-process.aspx

軟件開發(fā)模型和軟件過程模型

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