通常我們用的比較多的一般都是fdisk工具來進行分區，但是現在由于磁盤越來越廉價，而且磁盤空間越來越大；而fdisk工具他對分區是有大小限制的，它只能劃分小于2T的磁盤。但是現在的磁盤空間很多都已經是遠遠大于2T了，甚至達到2.5T和3T，那要怎么辦能，有兩個方法，其一是通過卷管理來實現，其二就是通過我們今天談到的Parted工具來實現對GPT磁盤進行分區操作。
GPT格式的磁盤相當于原來MBR磁盤中原來保留4個partition table的4*16個字節,只留第一個16個字節，類似于擴展分區，真正的partitiontable在512字節之后，GPT磁盤沒有四個主分區的限制。
?
1、??????????? Parted工具詳解：
1.1??? 進入Parted的方法（在命令行輸入Parted命令即可）
[root@jetsen ~]# partet
Warning: Unable to open/dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/hdc
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted)
?
1.2??? 獲取parted工具幫助的方法：（只需輸入help即可）
(parted) help?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
? check NUMBER???????????????????????????? do a simple checkon the file system
? cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER?? copy file system to another partition
? help [COMMAND]?????????????????????????? prints general help,or help on COMMAND
? mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE?????????????? create a new disklabel(partition table)
? mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE????????????????????? make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon
??????? NUMBER
? mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END???? make a partition
? mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END???? make a partition with a file system
? move NUMBER START END??????????????????? move partition NUMBER
? name NUMBER NAME???????????????????????? name partition NUMBERas NAME
? print [free|NUMBER|all]????????????????? display the partition table,a partition, or
??????? all devices
? quit???????????????????????????????????? exit program
? rescue START END???????????????????????? rescue a lostpartition near START and END
? resize NUMBER START END????????????????? resize partition NUMBER andits file system
? rm NUMBER??????????????????????????????? deletepartition NUMBER
? select DEVICE??????????????????????????? choose the deviceto edit
? set NUMBER FLAG STATE??????????????????? change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER
? toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]?????????????????? toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER
? unit UNIT??????????????????????????????? set the defaultunit to UNIT
? version????????????????????????????????? displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted
??????? and copyright information
(parted)
?
或
[root@jetsen ~]# parted--help
Usage: parted [OPTION]...[DEVICE [COMMAND [PARAMETERS]...]...]
Apply COMMANDs withPARAMETERS to DEVICE.? If no COMMAND(s)are given, run in
interactive mode.
?
OPTIONs:
? -h, --help??????????????????? displays this help message
? -i, --interactive???????????? where necessary, prompts for userintervention
? -l, --list??????????????????? lists partition tables ofall detected devices
? -s, --script????????????????? never prompts for userintervention
? -v, --version???????????????? displays the version
?
COMMANDs:
? check NUMBER???????????????????????????? do a simple checkon the file system
? cp [FROM-DEVICE] FROM-NUMBER TO-NUMBER?? copy file system to another partition
? help [COMMAND]?????????????????????????? prints general help,or help on COMMAND
? mklabel,mktable LABEL-TYPE?????????????? create a new disklabel(partition table)
? mkfs NUMBER FS-TYPE????????????????????? make a FS-TYPE filesystem on partititon NUMBER
? mkpart PART-TYPE [FS-TYPE] START END???? make a partition
? mkpartfs PART-TYPE FS-TYPE START END???? make a partition with a file system
? move NUMBER START END??????????????????? move partition NUMBER
? name NUMBER NAME???????????????????????? name partition NUMBERas NAME
? print [free|NUMBER|all]????????????????? display the partition table, apartition, or all devices
? quit???????????????????????????????????? exitprogram
? rescue START END???????????????????????? rescue a lostpartition near START and END
? resize NUMBER START END????????????????? resize partition NUMBER andits file system
? rm NUMBER??????????????????????????????? deletepartition NUMBER
? select DEVICE??????????????????????????? choose the deviceto edit
? set NUMBER FLAG STATE??????????????????? change the FLAG onpartition NUMBER
? toggle [NUMBER [FLAG]]?????????????????? toggle the state of FLAG onpartition NUMBER
? unit UNIT??????????????????????????????? set the defaultunit to UNIT
? version????????????????????????????????? displays thecurrent version of GNU Parted and copyright information
[root@jetsen ~]#
1.3??? 退出parted工具（只需輸入quit即可）
(parted) quit?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.????????????????????????? ?
并且同時會提示及時更新/etc/fstab文件
?
2、??????????? 開始通過parted工具來對磁盤進行操作
? 2.1 查看單個磁盤狀態
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdb
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdb
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
?
Number? Start? End???? Size??? Type??? File system? Flags
?1???? 32.3kB? 16.1GB? 16.1GB primary? ext3??????????? ?
?
(parted)???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?
2.2 查看所有磁盤狀態
[root@jetsen ~]#parted -l
Warning: Unable toopen /dev/hdc read-write (Read-only file system).? /dev/hdc has been
opened read-only.
Error: Unable toopen /dev/hdc - unrecognised disk label.?????????????? ?
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda:21.5GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
?
Number? Start? End???? Size??? Type??? File system? Flags
?1???? 32.3kB? 107MB?? 107MB? primary? ext3???????? boot
?2???? 107MB?? 21.5GB? 21.4GB primary?????????????? lvm
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:msdos
?
Number? Start? End???? Size??? Type??? File system? Flags
?1???? 32.3kB? 16.1GB? 16.1GB primary? ext3??????????? ?
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc:16.1GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:loop
Number? Start? End???? Size??? File system Flags
?1???? 0.00kB? 16.1GB? 16.1GB ext3??????????? ?
?
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.?????????????? ?
Error: Unable toopen /dev/sde - unrecognised disk label.?????????????? ?
Error: Unable toopen /dev/md0 - unrecognised disk label.?????????????? ?
? 2.2 通過parted工具來創建大于2T的分區
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1???? ---Parted的軟件版本號
Using /dev/sde?????? ---將執行下面操作盤
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.??? –歡迎信息
(parted) mklabel?????????????????????????????????????????? ----創建創建磁盤標簽
New disk labeltype? gpt
(parted) p??????????????????????????????????????????????? ----查看分區狀態
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde:2190GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
?
Number? Start End? Size? File system Name? Flags
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?? []? gpt2t????? ---指定分區名稱
File system type? [ext2]ext3??? ----指定分區類型
Start? 1????????????????????? ---指定開始位置
End? 2190GB???????????????? ---指定結束位置
(parted) P??????????????????? ----顯示分區信息????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
?
Number? Start?? End??? Size??? File system? Name? Flags
?1????? 17.4kB 2190GB? 2190GB?????????????? gpt2t???? ?
?
(parted) Q????????????????????????????? ---退出???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.??? -----提示不要忘記更新/etc/fstab文件
2.3 通過parted工具來實現單磁盤多分區
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p??????????????????????????????????????? ---列出分區信息
Error:Unable to open /dev/sdd - unrecognised disk label.? ----由于沒有打上磁盤標簽，所以表現信息無法列出
(parted)mklabel?????????????????????????????????? ----創建磁盤標簽
New disk labeltype? gpt???????????????????????????? ---輸入磁盤表情名
(parted) p??????????????????????????????????????? ----再次列出磁盤分區
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)?????????????? ---顯示磁盤類型為SCSI磁盤
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB???????????????????????????? ---磁盤大小為1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B????????????? ---扇區大小為512B
Partition Table:gpt??????????????????????????????? ----顯示標簽名為我剛才輸入的標簽名稱
?
Number? Start End? Size? File system Name? Flags? ----現在是一新硬盤還沒有創建分區
?
(parted)mkpart?????????????????????????????????? ---創建分區
Partitionname?? []? part1?????????????????????????? ---指定分區名稱
File systemtype?? [ext2]? ext2?????????????????????? ---定義分區類型
Start? 1G???????????????????????????????????????? ---指定起始位置
End? 10G???????????????????????????????????????? ----指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart?????????????????????????????????? ---創建分區
Partitionname?? []? part2?????????????????????????? ---指定分區名稱
File systemtype?? [ext2]? ext2?????????????????????? ---定義分區類型
Start? 11G??????????????????????????????????????? ---指定起始位置
End? 100G?????????????????????????????????????? ---指定終止位置
(parted)mkpart?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Partitionname?? []? part3??????????????????????????? ?
File systemtype?? [ext2]??????????????????????? ?
Start? 101G??????????????????????????????????? ----指定分區其實位置
End? -1??????????????????????????????????????? ----指定到分區最后???????????????????????? ?
(parted) p???????????????????????????????????? ----顯示分區信息
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)????????? ?
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
?
Number? Start? End???? Size???? File system? Name? Flags????? ---查看到下面共有三個分區
?1???? 17.4kB? 10.0GB? 10000MB?????????????? part1???? ?
?2???? 10.0GB? 100GB?? 90.0GB??????????????? part2???? ?
?3???? 100GB?? 1100GB? 1000GB??????????????? part3???? ?
?
(parted) rm 3???????????????????????????????????? ------刪除分區3
(parted) p??????????????????????????????????????? ------再次查看分區狀態????????????????????? ?
?
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
?
Number? Start? End???? Size???? File system? Name? Flags????? ----顯示分區刪除成功，只剩下兩個分區
?1???? 17.4kB? 10.0GB? 10000MB?????????????? part1???? ?
?2???? 10.0GB? 100GB?? 90.0GB??????????????? part2???? ?
?
(parted) quit?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information: Don'tforget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.?????????? ?
?
[root@jetsen ~]#ls -l /dev/sdd*
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 48 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 49 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd1
brw-r----- 1 rootdisk 8, 50 May 10 16:48 /dev/sdd2
[root@jetsen ~]#
? 2.3 通過parted工具來刪除分區
[root@jetsen ~]# parted /dev/sde
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sde
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) p????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
?
Number? Start?? End??? Size??? File system? Name? Flags
?1????? 17.4kB 2190GB? 2190GB?????????????? gpt2t???? ?
?
(parted) rm 1??????????? ----刪除分1號分區??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
(parted) p????????????? ----顯示分區信息，看如下是沒有分區的???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sde: 2190GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
?
Number? Start? End Size? File system? Name Flags
?
(parted) q????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information: Don't forget to update /etc/fstab, if necessary.?????????? ?
[root@jetsen ~]#
? 2.4 通過parted工具來創建文件系統
[root@jetsen ~]#parted /dev/sdd???????????????????????? -----選擇要格式化的磁盤
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) mkfs 2ext3?????????????????????????????????? ----格式化的類型為ext3分區號為2-
Warning: Theexisting file system will be destroyed and all data on the partition will
be lost. Do youwant to continue?
parted: invalidtoken: 2
Yes/No? yes????????????????????????????????????????? ----再次確認是否格式化
Partition number?2?????????????????????????????????? -----再次輸入磁盤分區號????????????????? ?
File system?? [ext2]?????????????????????????????????? ----格式化的類型
(parted)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
查看格式化是否成功：
(parted) p?????????????????????????????????????????? -----查看文件系統是否被格式化
Model: VMware,VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd:1100GB
Sector size(logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table:gpt
?
Number? Start? End???? Size???? File system? Name? Flags
?1???? 17.4kB? 10.0GB? 10000MB?????????????? part1???? ?
?2???? 10.0GB? 100GB?? 90.0GB? ext2???????? part2?????? -------可以看到文件系統類型為ext2，可確定文件系統已經被格式化了。
?
(parted)?? ?
掛載剛才格式化后的文件系統
[root@jetsen ~]#cd /???????????????????????????????????????? -----退到根目錄
[root@jetsen /]#mkdir part2????????????????????????????????? -----創建part目錄
[root@jetsen /]#mount /dev/sdd2 /part2??????????????????????? -----將/dev/sdd2掛載到/part2
[root@jetsen /]#df –h???????????????????????????????????????? -----查看分區信息
Filesystem??????????? Size? Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
?????????????????????? 18G? 5.8G? 11G? 35% /
/dev/sda1????????????? 99M?? 12M? 82M? 13% /boot
tmpfs???????????????? 506M? 4.0K 506M?? 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sdd2???????????? 83G? 52K?? 79G?? 1% /part2?????? ------可以看到已經被掛載上來???????????? ?
[root@jetsen /]#cd /part2
[root@jetsenpart2]# mkdir 1111????????????????????????????? ------并且可以訪問
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111? lost+found
[root@jetsen part2]#
刪除和恢復分區
[root@jetsen /]#umount /dev/sdd2???????????????????? ----卸載分區
[root@jetsen /]#parted /dev/sdd?????????????????????? ---通過parted選擇/dev/sdd磁盤進入操作
GNU Parted 1.8.1
Using /dev/sdd
Welcome to GNUParted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) rm 2????????????????????????????????????? ------刪除磁盤分區
(parted) rescue??????????????????????? -------對磁盤分區進行恢復
Start? 10G????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
End? 100G?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information: A ext2 primary partitionwas found at 10.0GB -> 100GB. Do youwant to add
it to the partition table?
Yes/No/Cancel? Yes??????????????????? ----告訴
(parted) print????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?
Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdd: 1100GB
Sector size (logical/physical):512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
?
Number Start?? End???? Size??? File system? Name?? Flags
?1???? 17.4kB? 10.0GB? 10000MB?????????????? part1???? ?
?2???? 10.0GB? 100GB?? 90.0GB? ext2?????????????????? ?
?
(parted)
[root@jetsen/]# cd /part2?????????????????????????? ----神奇吧，數據也被恢復回來了
[root@jetsenpart2]# ls
1111? lost+found???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
?
? 2.6 通過parted工具來驗證和維護文件系統及分區。
驗證文件系統的完整性：
(parted)check 1??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Error:File system was not cleanly unmounted! You should run e2fsck.? Modifyingan
uncleanfile system could cause severe corruption.
Ignore/Cancel?ignore??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
Information:The ext2 file system passed a basic check. For a more comprehensive check,
use thee2fsck program.
(parted)??

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