操作環(huán)境說明：

兩臺服務(wù)器使用相同的Redhat 5.5

內(nèi)核版本為：2.6.18-194.el5

在主庫(primary database)中提前安裝好了Oracle 11gR2軟件，通過DBCA創(chuàng)建了數(shù)據(jù)庫，實例名為PRIMARY

備庫(standby database)中只安裝了Oracle 11gR2軟件，未創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫。

本文完整記錄基于11g的DG配置

主庫配置

1、確認(rèn)主庫開啟了archivelog模式，并設(shè)置為force logging模式

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database force logging ;

alter database force logging

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-12920: database is already in force logging mode

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2、創(chuàng)建standby controlfile

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl';

Database altered.

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3、登錄到主庫，可以了解一下數(shù)據(jù)文件的信息，之后安全關(guān)閉數(shù)據(jù)庫，將全部數(shù)據(jù)文件拷貝到備庫的相應(yīng)目錄下,直接復(fù)制目錄最簡單

SYS@PRIMARY>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/data/primary/system01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/data/primary/users.dbf

SYS@PRIMARY>show parameter control_files

NAME????? ???????????????????????????TYPE??????? VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_files??????????????????????? string????? /u01/data/primary/primary/cont

rol01.ctl, /u01/data/primary/p

rimary/control02.ctl

SYS@PRIMARY>select group#,member from v$logfile;

GROUP# MEMBER

---------- ------------------------------

1 /u01/data/primary/redo01a.rdo

1 /u01/data/primary/redo01b.rdo

2 /u01/data/primary/redo02a.rdo

2 /u01/data/primary/redo02b.rdo

3 /u01/data/primary/redo03a.rdo

3 /u01/data/primary/redo03b.rdo

6 rows selected.

SYS@PRIMARY>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@PRIMARY>quit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/data/

[oracle@localhost data]$ scp -r primary/ 172.26.29.4:/u01/data

oracle@172.26.29.4's password:

system01.dbf?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100%? 172MB? 34.4MB/s?? 00:05

redo01b.rdo??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100%? 100MB? 33.3MB/s?? 00:03

sysaux01.dbf?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100%? 100MB? 50.0MB/s?? 00:02

undotbs01.dbf????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100%? 133MB? 44.3MB/s?? 00:03

.......

[oracle@localhost data]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Feb 21 20:54:47 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@PRIMARY>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size????????????????? 2213776 bytes

Variable Size???????????? 402655344 bytes

Database Buffers???????? 1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers??????????????? 7360512 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

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4、主庫修改初始化參數(shù)文件

SYS@PRIMARY>create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SYS@PRIMARY>!

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在pfile后面追加如下這些參數(shù)：

參數(shù)的含義請查看聯(lián)機文檔。

log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'

log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

log_archive_max_processes=10

log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

fal_client='PRIMARY'

fal_server='STANDBY'

standby_file_management='auto'

remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

這里要注意：

log_archive_dest_2這個參數(shù)中db_unique_name的值為備庫的db_unique_name，最好完全與備庫一致，包括大小寫

log_file_name_convert的值中，第一個值為主庫的歸檔日志目錄，第二個為備庫的歸檔日志目錄

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora

PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336

PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600

PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736

PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0

PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752

PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0

*.compatible='11.2.0'

*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/control01.ctl','/u01/data/primary/primary/control02.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_name='PRIMARY'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200

*.db_unique_name='PRIMARY'

*.fal_client='PRIMARY'

*.fal_server='STANDBY'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=standby async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=STANDBY'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=10

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992

*.processes=1000

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sessions=1105

*.sga_target=1610612736

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'

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5、主庫創(chuàng)建pfile和passwordfile后，拷貝到備庫的相同路徑下

注意，使用orapwd創(chuàng)建口令文件時，一定要使用ignorecase選項。否則啟動備庫后，可能會在alert文件中提示ORA-16191錯誤。這個問題有可能是Oracle 11g中的一個bug，我被他困擾折磨了老半天...

[oracle@localhost data]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPRIMARY password=sys force=y ignorecase=y

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls

hc_PRIMARY.dat? init.ora???????? lkPRAMARY? lkTDB1? orapwPRIMARY????? orapwtdb1????????? spfiletdb1.ora

hc_tdb1.dat???? initPRIMARY.ora? lkPRIMARY? lkTEST? orapwPRIMARY.bak? spfilePRIMARY.ora

[oracle@localhost dbs]$ scp -r orapwPRIMARY initPRIMARY.ora 172.26.29.4:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs

oracle@172.26.29.4's password:

orapwPRIMARY?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100% 1536???? 1.5KB/s?? 00:00

initPRIMARY.ora??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100% 1496???? 1.5KB/s?? 00:00

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5、備庫獲取數(shù)據(jù)文件，初始化參數(shù)文件和口令文件后，對初始化參數(shù)文件進行相應(yīng)修改

需要修改的參數(shù)如下：

db_unique_name=STANDBY

log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'

fal_server=primary

fal_client=standby

control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl' 此處使用standby controlfile

簡單來說，就是將這幾個參數(shù)依據(jù)備庫，與主庫做一個映像般的調(diào)換

[oracle@tam dbs]$ cat initPRIMARY.ora

PRIMARY.__db_cache_size=1191182336

PRIMARY.__java_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__large_pool_size=16777216

PRIMARY.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

PRIMARY.__pga_aggregate_target=1677721600

PRIMARY.__sga_target=1610612736

PRIMARY.__shared_io_pool_size=0

PRIMARY.__shared_pool_size=369098752

PRIMARY.__streams_pool_size=0

*.compatible='11.2.0'

*.control_files='/u01/data/primary/primary/standby.ctl'

*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/primary/cdump'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_name='PRIMARY'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=53687091200

*.db_unique_name='STANDBY'

*.fal_client='STANDBY'

*.fal_server='PRIMARY'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(primary,standby)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=primary async valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=PRIMARY'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_max_processes=10

*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/data/primary/arc','/u01/data/primary/arc'

*.nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss'

*.nls_language='SIMPLIFIED CHINESE'

*.nls_territory='CHINA'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1669332992

*.processes=1000

*.remote_login_passwordfile='exclusive'

*.sessions=1105

*.sga_target=1610612736

*.standby_file_management='auto'

*.undo_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS01'

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6、配置主庫和備庫中的監(jiān)聽服務(wù)和tnsnames.ora

主庫：注意listener.ora文件中的SID_NAME是大小寫敏感的，筆者因為忽略了這個問題，導(dǎo)致配置監(jiān)聽和啟動監(jiān)聽成功后，一致不能遠程登錄...

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

[oracle@localhost admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

names.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = PLSExtProc)

(PRESENTATION = RO)

)

)

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備庫

[oracle@tam admin]$ cat listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0.5/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(PROGRAM = extproc)

)

(SID_DESC =

(SID_NAME = PRIMARY)

(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = primary)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.4)(PORT = 1521))

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))

)

)

[oracle@tam admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

PRIMARY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.26.29.2)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = primary)

)

)

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配置完成后，嘗試從兩臺服務(wù)器以sysdba身份互相訪問

主庫：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@standby as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:16:26 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

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備庫：

[oracle@tam admin]$ sqlplus sys/sys@primary as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:15:17 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

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7、啟動備庫

[oracle@tam dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:19:00 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SYS@PRIMARY>startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes

Fixed Size????????????????? 2213776 bytes

Variable Size???????????? 402655344 bytes

Database Buffers???????? 1191182336 bytes

Redo Buffers??????????????? 7360512 bytes

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

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8、驗證

主庫中創(chuàng)建一個表，并插入若凡數(shù)據(jù)后，備庫中能夠同步出這些數(shù)據(jù)，則認(rèn)為DG實施成功

主庫：

[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Feb 22 10:28:14 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.? All rights reserved.

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SYS@PRIMARY>create table test(id number);

Table created.

SYS@PRIMARY>for i in 1..10 loop

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "for i in 1..." - rest of line ignored.

SYS@PRIMARY>begin

2? for i in 1..10 loop

3? insert into test values(i);

4? end loop;

5? commit;

6? end;

7? /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;

ID

----------

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10 rows selected.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>/

System altered.

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備庫：

SYS@PRIMARY>select name,database_role from v$database;

NAME????? DATABASE_ROLE

--------- ----------------

PRIMARY?? PHYSICAL STANDBY

SYS@PRIMARY>select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME?? NEXT_TIME

---------- ------------ ------------

15 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

8 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

10 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

9 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

11 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

13 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

7 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

14 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

12 20-FEB-12??? 20-FEB-12

18 21-FEB-12??? 21-FEB-12

20 21-FEB-12??? 21-FEB-12

......

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SYS@PRIMARY>select * from test;

ID

----------

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10 rows selected.

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至此，配置完畢

總結(jié)

想要玩好oracle的Data Guard、RAC、Golden Gate等高端軟件，主要在于細(xì)心與耐心。

所謂細(xì)心，就是認(rèn)真讀取文檔，認(rèn)真配置各項參數(shù)和文件；所謂耐心，就是出現(xiàn)錯誤后，要認(rèn)真預(yù)讀alert log好trace文件，找到錯誤原因，即使去網(wǎng)上求助，一項一項排除。筆者首次不是DG時，確實遇到不少問題，就是靠逐步啃日志文件解決的

摘自 所好者道也

創(chuàng)作挑戰(zhàn)賽新人創(chuàng)作獎勵來咯，堅持創(chuàng)作打卡瓜分現(xiàn)金大獎

總結(jié)

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