various 和 varied

various 和 varied的意思都是“各種各樣的，形形色色的”，但強調點不同：various 側重多樣性，varied 側重與眾不同。
比較：

He decided to leave school for various reasons. 出于種種原因，他決定輟學。
The responsibilities of government are many, and they are varied. 政府的職責有許多，而且是各種各樣的。

Various is used for when there’s more than one thing, and these things are different in some way, it’s an adjective so it’s used to describe something.

“There were various options on the menu”

Varied is either an adjective, or the past tense of the verb “to vary”. It means there were different options or it’s not always the same.
Past tense is the most common use (that I can think of) “The prices varied depending on the day”. It often sounds more natural to use various as an adjective.

various 和 different

various表示“各種各樣的”“各不相同的”等，主要指彼此不同且種類繁多，強調“異”且“多”（重點在多）：

There are various ways of cooking an egg. 雞蛋有各種各樣的煮法。
There’s been snow today in various parts of the country. 今天全國各地都下了雪。

而 different表示“不同的”，指的可能是種類不同、不相像、不一樣、不是同一個等，只強調“異”，但不強調“多”：

Mary and Jane are quite different. 瑪麗與簡大不一樣。
This is not what I want; I want a different one. 我要的不是這個，我要一個不同的。

比較：

• He gave various reasons (= a number of different reasons) for being late. 他為自己的遲到舉出了種種理由。

• This time he gave different reasons (= not the same as last time) for his being late. 這次他為自己的遲到舉出了不同的理由。

由于various不僅強調“異”而且強調“多”，所以其后接的名詞通常用復數；而different強調的只是“異”而不是“多”，所以其后的名詞可以是單數或復數。

various

various : 通常強調種類的數目。

• We had various problems on our journey, including a flat tyre.
  我們在旅途中遇到了各種各樣的問題，包括輪胎被扎破了。
• The author gave various reasons for having written the book.
  作者給出了寫那本書的各種理由。
• Girardo was out of action with various injuries for most of last season.
  上個賽季大多數時間吉拉多都因為各種傷病而不能上場。
• Various people whom we weren’t expecting turned up at the meeting.
  形形色色讓我們意想不到的人出現在了會場。

diverse

diverse : 語氣較強，指性質完全不同，著重顯著的區別。
Diverse indicates an easily seen difference between the things being referred to.

Ex – He is a man of diverse interests.

• people from diverse cultures
  不同文化背景的人
• My interests are very diverse.
  我的興趣非常廣泛。
• Jones has a much more diverse and perhaps younger audience.
  瓊斯的觀眾群更為多樣化而且可能更年輕。

different

different : 普通用詞，強調事物間的區別或本質的不同。有時側重對比，不著重差別。
Different is opposite of alike and thus it applies to things that are not alike. It stresses on individuality.

Ex – The crime was witnessed by five different people.

• She seems to wear something different every day.
  她似乎每天都穿不一樣的衣服。
• He’s different now that he’s been to college.
  他現在上了大學，與以前不一樣了。
• We’re reading a different book this week.
  這周我們在讀另一本書。
• Emily is very/completely/entirely different from her sister.
  埃米莉與她姐姐截然不同。
• Emily and her sister are completely different.
  埃米莉和她姐姐完全不同。
• There are many different types/kinds of bacteria.
  細菌有很多不同的種類。

diverse

Diverse is an adjective which means there is a wide range and variation, and it’s most commonly used to refer to the number of different nationalities.
A country IS diverse.

diversity

Diversity is the state of being diverse, so it is the noun.

diversified

Diversified means diversity has occurred, it’s the past tense of “to diversify”.
“The company diversified it’s product range to make more profit”.

Divergent

Divergent suggests that the things are diverging, that is, going in different directions. Thus it indicates a difference which will only increase with time.

Ex – As they lived apart their hobbies became divergent.

Distinct

Distinct suggests different identity, although the things might be similar in other ways.

Ex – I can easily recognize the distinct smell of those flowers.

Dissimilar

Dissimilar is opposite of similar and thus it stresses on absence of similarity.

Ex – How can you confuse between such dissimilar watches.

Disparate

Disparate stresses absence of any relationship between the things being compared.

Ex – While some people say that people are similar, others say that people are disparate.

https://hinative.com/zh-CN/questions/2212979
https://www.tjxz.cc/10691

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