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【渝粤题库】广东开放大学跨文化商务沟通形成性考核

發(fā)布時間：2023/12/2 编程问答 40 豆豆

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題目：
3. The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
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題目：
4. The Chinese word “龍” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
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題目：
5. “He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is:?他在這一帶為非作歹。?
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題目：
Passage?Two?
?????? Verbal?skills?in?another?culture?can?generally?be?mastered?if?one?studies?hard?enough,
but?nonverbal?skills are?much?more?difficult?to?learn.?Nonverbal?behavior?includes?areas
such?as eye?contact, facial?expressions, postures,?gestures,?and?the?use?of?time,?space,?
and territory. The?messages sent?by body?language?and?the way?we?arrange?time?and?
space have?always been?open?to interpretation.?Does a?raised?eyebrow?mean that your
boss?doubts?your statement?or?just?that she?is seriously?considering?it? Does?a?closed
door?to an?office?mean that?your coworker?is?angry or?just?that?he?is working?on?a?
project that requires concentration? Deciphering?nonverbal?communication?is?
difficult?for?people?who are?culturally similar, and?it?is?even?more troublesome?when?
cultures?differ.?
?????? In?Western?cultures,?for?example,?people?perceive?silence?as?negative. It?suggests?
rejection, unhappiness, facialexpression,?regret,?embarrassment,?or?ignorance.
However,?the Japanese?admire silence?and consider?it a?key?to?success. A?Japanese?
proverb says,?“Those who?know?do?not?speak; those?who speak?do?not?know.”?
Over?60?percent?of Japanese businesswomen?said?that?they?would?prefer?to?marry?
silent?men. Silence?is?equated with?wisdom.
What does?a?raised?eyebrow?mean?

題目：
Passage One
?????? Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鴿”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐貍” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐貍一樣狡猾”.
?????? However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
?????? Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龍” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龍” (hold high hopes for one’s child).
?
?
Many words from Chinese and English are the same in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings, such as “fox” and “狐貍”.?
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題目：
Passage One
?????? Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鴿”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐貍” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐貍一樣狡猾”.
?????? However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
?????? Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龍” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龍” (hold high hopes for one’s child).
?
?
3. The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
?????? Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鴿”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐貍” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐貍一樣狡猾”.
?????? However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
?????? Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龍” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龍” (hold high hopes for one’s child).
?
?
The Chinese word “龍” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
?????? Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鴿”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐貍” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐貍一樣狡猾”.
?????? However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing).
?????? Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龍” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龍” (hold high hopes for one’s child).
?
?
?“He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is:?他在這一帶為非作歹。?
選擇一項：

題目：
?
Passage?Two?
?????? Verbal?skills?in?another?culture?can?generally?be?mastered?if?one?studies?hard?enough,
but?nonverbal?skills are?much?more?difficult?to?learn.?Nonverbal?behavior?includes?areas
such?as eye?contact, facial?expressions, postures,?gestures,?and?the?use?of?time,?space,?
and territory. The?messages sent?by body?language?and?the way?we?arrange?time?and?
space have?always been?open?to interpretation.?Does a?raised?eyebrow?mean that your
boss?doubts?your statement?or?just?that she?is seriously?considering?it? Does?a?closed
door?to an?office?mean that?your coworker?is?angry or?just?that?he?is working?on?a?
project that requires concentration? Deciphering?nonverbal?communication?is?
difficult?for?people?who are?culturally similar, and?it?is?even?more troublesome?when?
cultures?differ.?
?????? In?Western?cultures,?for?example,?people?perceive?silence?as?negative. It?suggests?
rejection, unhappiness, facialexpression,?regret,?embarrassment,?or?ignorance.
However,?the Japanese?admire silence?and consider?it a?key?to?success. A?Japanese?
proverb says,?“Those who?know?do?not?speak; those?who speak?do?not?know.”?
Over?60?percent?of Japanese businesswomen?said?that?they?would?prefer?to?marry?
silent?men. Silence?is?equaQuestions?6-10:
Choose?the?best?choice?to?complete?each?statement?or?answer?each?question.?
ted with?wisdom.
?
How?do?western?people?view?silence??
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題目：
To?be?honest,?she?is?as?stupid?as?a?________.?
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題目：
All?of?the?following?statements?about?nonverbal?communication?are?true?EXCEPT??_______.?
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題目：
He?is?not?popular?with?his?coworkers,?since?he?is?as?cunning?as?a?dead?________.
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題目：
“No?matter?how?successful?he?has?become,?my?brother?is?still?regarded?as?the?black?sheep
of?the?family”.?What?does?“the?black?sheep”?mean?here??
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題目：
—These?days?Mr.?Smith?looks?anxious?and?restless.?What?happened??
—I?heard?his?wife?was?in?the?family?way?this?month.
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題目：
Nonverbal?communication?can?convey?our?_______?towards?ourselves?and?towards?
the?people?we?are?communication?with.
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題目：
We?know?that?the?dog?is?regarded?as?man’s?best?friend?in?the?west,?and?there?are?many?metaphors?that?show?people’s?positive?attitude?towards?the?dog,?such?as?_______.??
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題目：
If?you?say?you?are?relaxed,?yet?your?voice?quavers?and?your?hands?shake.?The?audience?
can?get?the?meaning?that?you?are?nervous.?This?is?an?example?of?the?_______?function
of?nonverbal?signs.?
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題目：
Paralanguage?includes?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
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題目：
What?a?________?she?is.?You?see,?she?always?talks?about?her?new?car?while?meeting?anybody.?
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題目：
Which?of?following?is?NOT?a?nonverbal?behavior?in?people’s?communication??
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題目：
Nonverbal?communication?includes?all?of?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
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題目：
My?mother?is?always?as?busy?as?a?________.?
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題目：
The?ring?gesture,?where?you?form?an?“O”?by?holding?the?tip?of?your?forefinger?to?the?tip?of?your?thumb,?means?in?France?that?you?think?something?is?_______.?
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題目：
Which rule before an intercultural negotiation is TRUE as a starting point for negotiations to follow? _________.
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題目：
The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine best illustrate _________ of Chinese people.
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
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題目：
Deductive pattern of discourse __.
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題目：
The “American dream” is clearly a representation of.
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
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題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
選擇一項：
題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
選擇一項：
題目：
Which one of the following elements of culture tends to resist change and adaptation?
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive pattern of discourse ___________.
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題目：
The principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine best illustrate _________ of Chinese people.
選擇一項：
題目：
“God help those who help themselves” indicates western cultural values of?_________.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first?underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then?developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first?underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then?developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
2. To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first?underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then?developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
3. People everywhere use euphemisms.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first?underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then?developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
4. Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.??
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first?underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then?developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
?One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
6.?What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
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題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
7. What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication??
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
8. How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
9. What does intercultural awareness mean?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
10. If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, thendeveloping countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
1.?Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, thendeveloping countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, thendeveloping countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
3. People everywhere use euphemisms.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, thendeveloping countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
4. Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.??
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
????Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the?chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.”
??? It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance?（環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)）?euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality?（犯罪行為）?is given scores of numbing?（使麻木）disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks?（卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them.
Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements?（加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at firstunderdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, thendeveloping countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then?emerging nations（新興國家）took its places.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
5. One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
6.?What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
7. What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication??
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
8. How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
9. What does intercultural awareness mean?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage Two
The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful.
Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings?（誤解）and/or causing offense?（冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing?（使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively.
One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants?（顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
10. If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?
?
選擇一項：

題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.

題目：
Paralanguage?includes?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
We?know?that?the?dog?is?regarded?as?man’s?best?friend?in?the?west,?and?there?are?many?metaphors?that?show?people’s?positive?attitude?towards?the?dog,?such?as?_______.??
選擇一項：
題目：
To?be?honest,?she?is?as?stupid?as?a?________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The?“OK”?sign?means?in?France?that?you?think?something?is?_________.
選擇一項：
題目：
Many?words?from?Chinese?and?English?are?different?in?both?the?denotational?meanings?
and?connotational?meanings.?Which?of?the?following?is?an?example?for?this????
選擇一項：
題目：
?I?often?asked?Jim?lots?of?questions,?for?he?is?as?wise?as?______.
選擇一項：
題目：
My?mother?is?always?as?busy?as?a?________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
“No?matter?how?successful?he?has?become,?my?brother?is?still?regarded?as?the?black?sheep
of?the?family”.?What?does?“the?black?sheep”?mean?here??
選擇一項：
題目：
What?a?________?she?is.?You?see,?she?always?talks?about?her?new?car?while?meeting?anybody.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Nonverbal?communication?includes?all?of?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
He?is?not?popular?with?his?coworkers,?since?he?is?as?cunning?as?a?dead?________.
選擇一項：
題目：
Nobody?can?persuade?him?to?do?that.?He?is?as?timid?as?a?_______.??
選擇一項：
題目：
The?ring?gesture,?where?you?form?an?“O”?by?holding?the?tip?of?your?forefinger?to?the?tip?of?your?thumb,?means?in?France?that?you?think?something?is?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Body?language?can?sometimes?lead?to?_______?since?people?of?different?cultures?often?
have?different?forms?of?behavior?for?sending?the?same?message?or?have?different
interpretations?of?the?same?signal.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.
選擇一項：

題目：
Nonverbal?communication?includes?all?of?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
4. Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.
選擇一項：

題目：
Which?of?following?is?NOT?a?nonverbal?behavior?in?people’s?communication??
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here???
選擇一項：

題目：
Many?words?from?Chinese?and?English?are?different?in?both?the?denotational?meanings?
and?connotational?meanings.?Which?of?the?following?is?an?example?for?this????
選擇一項：
題目：
Nobody?can?persuade?him?to?do?that.?He?is?as?timid?as?a?_______.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
7. As a superior you give face ________.
選擇一項：

題目：
?I?often?asked?Jim?lots?of?questions,?for?he?is?as?wise?as?______.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
8. As a subordinate you give face ________.?
選擇一項：

題目：
Paralanguage?includes?the?following?but?NOT?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
9. Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
選擇一項：

題目：
The?“OK”?sign?means?in?France?that?you?think?something?is?_________.
選擇一項：
題目：
He?is?not?popular?with?his?coworkers,?since?he?is?as?cunning?as?a?dead?________.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ isxiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
10. According to the author, how are face and harmony related? ?
選擇一項：

題目：
—These?days?Mr.?Smith?looks?anxious?and?restless.?What?happened??
—I?heard?his?wife?was?in?the?family?way?this?month.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.

Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.
選擇一項：

題目：
We?know?that?the?dog?is?regarded?as?man’s?best?friend?in?the?west,?and?there?are?many?metaphors?that?show?people’s?positive?attitude?towards?the?dog,?such?as?_______.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
2. Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.

題目：
What?a?________?she?is.?You?see,?she?always?talks?about?her?new?car?while?meeting?anybody.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
3. Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.
選擇一項：

題目：
All?of?the?following?statements?about?nonverbal?communication?are?true?EXCEPT??_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The?ring?gesture,?where?you?form?an?“O”?by?holding?the?tip?of?your?forefinger?to?the?tip?of?your?thumb,?means?in?France?that?you?think?something?is?_______.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage One
According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points:
Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）.
Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance（權(quán)力平衡）?in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly?（不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安）?and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.
?
5. Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.
選擇一項：

題目：
Body?language?can?sometimes?lead?to?_______?since?people?of?different?cultures?often?
have?different?forms?of?behavior?for?sending?the?same?message?or?have?different
interpretations?of?the?same?signal.
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor?（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is?xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?

題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor?（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is?xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
7. As a superior you give face ________.
選擇一項：

題目：
While?you?are?saying?“You?must?do?it”,?you?hit?the?table?with?your?fist.?This?means?that?nonverbal?behaviors?can?be?used?to?emphasize?verbal?messages.?
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor?（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is?xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
8. As a subordinate you give face ________.?
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題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of contradicting verbal?communication.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of?complementing?verbal?communication.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor?（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is?xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
9. Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
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題目：
Silence?may?be?interpreted?in completly the same way in?different?cultures.
選擇一項：
題目：
When?doing?business?with?people?from?countries?that?adhere?to?P-time?schedules,
the?meetings?typically?end?at?the?appointed?time.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Passage Two
Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地）?promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior?（級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to（試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’?（裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor?（贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A?gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to?pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）.
Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct?（明顯的、確切的）?term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally?（字面意思）?‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling:?xiansheng?means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is?xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese.
In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）.
Questions 610:?Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question.
?
10. According to the author, how are face and harmony related? ?
選擇一項：

題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of?substituting?for?verbal?communication.?
選擇一項：
題目：
In?all?cultures?people?nod?to?show?agreement.?
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題目：
Meanings?of?words?are?usually?conventionalized,?influenced?enormouslyby?culture.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of accenting verbal?communication.?
選擇一項：
題目：
When?contradicting?the?verbal?messages,?nonverbal?messages?tend?to?be?more
believable, because?many?of?our?nonverbal?actions?take?place?on?a?subconscious?level.
選擇一項：
題目：
Paralanguage?refers?to?the?sounds?we?make?but?not?the?words?we?use.?
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of contradicting verbal?communication.?
選擇一項：
題目：
When?contradicting?the?verbal?messages,?nonverbal?messages?tend?to?be?more
believable, because?many?of?our?nonverbal?actions?take?place?on?a?subconscious?level.
選擇一項：
題目：
When?nonverbal?behavior?contradicts?a?verbal?message,?people?tend?to?believe?the?
nonverbal?message?more?because?it?happens?at?a?more subconscious?level.??
選擇一項：
題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of accenting verbal?communication.?
選擇一項：
題目：
When?nonverbal?behavior?contradicts?a?verbal?message,?people?tend?to?believe?the
verbal?message?more?because?it?happens?at?a?more?conscious?level.??
選擇一項：
題目：
When you enter a library, the librarian may place his/her?index?finger?to?the?lips?after?saying?“Be?quiet”.Thismeans?that?nonverbal?behaviors?can?be?used?in?order?to?repeat?or?clarify?verbal?messages.?
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題目：
A?boss?who?pats?an?employee?on?the?back?in?addition?to?giving?praise?can?increasethe?impact?of?the?message.This?means?that?nonverbal?behaviors?can?add?moreinformation?to?verbal?messages.?
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題目：
Nonverbal?communication?is?used?only?as?a?means?of regulating verbal?communication.??
選擇一項：
題目：
When?contradicting?the nonverbal?messages, verbal?messages?tend?to?be?more
believable, because?many?of?our verbal?actions?take?place?on?a conscious?level.
選擇一項：
題目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
選擇一項：
題目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
選擇一項：
題目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水難收” is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably?pulling your leg.?
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
We?seldom see you, but you are off the next minute.
選擇一項：
題目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.?
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.?
選擇一項：
題目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
選擇一項：
題目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水難收” is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
?Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
Sophie went to see her uncle?once in a blue moon.
選擇一項：
題目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
選擇一項：
題目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”??
選擇一項：
題目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水難收” is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
?Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
選擇一項：
題目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably?pulling your leg.?
選擇一項：
題目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Sophie went to see her uncle?once in a blue moon.
選擇一項：
題目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him. ?
選擇一項：
題目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
?Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水難收” is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”??
選擇一項：
題目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
In China nowadays a lot of people are getting used to sharing the cost of the meal equally between them, _______, as we say.
選擇一項：
題目：
People learn the lessons of culture through ___________.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
?Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
選擇一項：
題目：
Sophie went to see her uncle?once in a blue moon.
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.?
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
Sophie went to see her uncle?once in a blue moon.
選擇一項：
題目：
If you describe something as a ________ elephant, you mean that it is a waste of money because it is completely useless.?
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
— Wow! Carl has done some really amazing things!
— Don’t believe everything he tells you. He was probably?pulling your leg.?
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him. ?
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
I can’t stand listening to jazz. It’s just ________.
選擇一項：
題目：
We?seldom see you, but you are off the next minute.
選擇一項：

題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
“Stop beating around the bush! If you don’t want to go with me, just tell me!”??
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
What a fabulous car — I’m?very jealous.
選擇一項：
題目：
He is a competent young man. Since he became Manager, the company has been running in the ________.?
選擇一項：
題目：
He didn’t want to upset his wife, so he told a ________ lie.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Ted was?feeling sick?yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
選擇一項：
題目：
?Tomorrow will be Mary’s ______ day, as she will be in her wedding dress.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese “童叟無欺”is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb “覆水難收” is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
She has been?in very good health?after she made a habit of jogging every morning.?
選擇一項：
題目：
To her, translating from French to Dutch is ______.
選擇一項：
題目：
Sophie went to see her uncle?once in a blue moon.
選擇一項：
題目：
That was only?a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.?
選擇一項：
題目：
I’m afraid something bad may happen. We need to prepare for the worst.
選擇一項：
題目：
_______. You can find he is an honest person if you know him. ?
選擇一項：
題目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and men are dominant.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
選擇一項：
題目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and women are dominant.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.?
選擇一項：
題目：
In most Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven relationship through more negotiations.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.
選擇一項：
題目：
Japanese negotiators tend to put more emphasis on the literal meanings of words used in negotiation and less emphasis on the relationships established before negotiating begins.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
?It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
選擇一項：
題目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.
選擇一項：
題目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive thought pattern is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards.
選擇一項：
題目：
It is insufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
選擇一項：
題目：
In Arabic culture, confrontation is acceptable during negotiations.
選擇一項：
題目：
Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values.
選擇一項：
題目：
At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
American negotiators take a serious approach to punctuality.
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.
選擇一項：
題目：
Chinese businesspeople expect a prolonged “getting to know you” process at the beginning of negotiations.?
選擇一項：
題目：
The core values of a culture tend to resist change and adaptation.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
In most Asian cultures, signed agreements are far less important than keeping the interdependent, interwoven relationship through more negotiations.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive thought pattern tends to use a “topic-comment” order of presentation.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Sweden?negotiators take a serious approach to punctuality.?
選擇一項：
題目：
At the core of uncertainty avoidance is the idea that the future is predictable.
?
選擇一項：
題目：
Confrontation is acceptable during negotiations in Japan.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Deductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.?
選擇一項：
題目：
Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
選擇一項：
題目：
The values and behaviors of a particular culture may not be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture.?
選擇一項：
題目：
In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and men are dominant.
?
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Chinese businesspeople expect a prolonged “getting to know you” process at the beginning of negotiations.?
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Deductive thought pattern is a pattern in which a topic is introduced at the beginning and minor or supporting arguments are presented afterwards.
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Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.?
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Where individualism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
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Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of the group.
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?It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
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題目：Good communication is the foundation of?successful?relationships,?both?personally?and?professionally.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of repeating or complementing verbal?communication.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of regulating verbal?communication.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of?complementing or contradicting?verbal?communication.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of?regulating?or substituting for?verbal?communication.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of accenting or regulating verbal?communication.
題目：Nonverbal?behaviorscan be?used to emphasize verbal messages.
題目：Silence can be?interpreted in the same way in all cultures.
題目：A strong gesture, raised voice?and uncommon facial expressions all add force to a particular?point in a verbal symbol.
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of contradicting verbal?communication.?
題目：Words do not mean anything by?themselves; people attributemeaning to them.
題目：Nonverbal?behaviors can add more information to verbal messages.
題目：In both English and?Chinese languages,?the denotation of“fox”and “狐貍”?is an animal, with the same?connotation of“cunning”（狡猾的）.
題目：?The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cast the pearls before the swine”?is “對牛彈琴”。
題目：?The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “as cunning as a dead pig”?is “像狐貍一樣狡猾”。
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “l(fā)ike a drowned rat”?is “落湯雞”。
題目：For?many?words?there?are?both?denotations?and?connotations.
題目：Silence?may?be?interpreted?differently?in?different?cultures.
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “as stupid as a goose”?is “蠢得像豬”。
題目：Nonverbal?communication can be used as?a?means?of accenting verbal?communication.?
題目：The?handshake?is?the?most?common?touching?behavior?of?greeting?business?people.?
題目：?The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to work like a horse”?is“像黃牛一樣干活"。
題目：Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings. Which of the following is an example for this?
題目：First name is used almost immediately by people from the United States.
題目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.?
題目：During the business meeting and negotiation with the Chinese在, it is impretive that you bring your own interpreter, especially if you plan to discuss legal or extremely technical concepts.
題目：Weather and foods are appropriate topics of conversation in the USA.?
題目：Compared with that in Chinese, red is related more with something dangerous in English.
題目：Arrive on time for meetings since time and punctuality are so important to Americans.
題目：enerally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.?
題目：Travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.?
題目：Like Greek and Roman mythology, the Bible is anothere source of English idioms.
題目：Several factors of culture influence the meaings and usage of idioms, including geography, agriculture, literature and art, history, religion, social customs and so on.
題目：Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical British reaction is to show modesty and humility.
題目：The person ahead of Wang Lin in line （排隊）at a café dropped his pen. Wang Lin picked it up and gave it back to him. When he said “Thank you”, Wang Lin answered “Never mind.” This is the inappropriate response for him.
題目：While doing business in China, to establish contacts before you invest in a trip is of crucial importance.
題目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.?
題目：Making appointment ahead of time is extremely important in the United States.
題目：Euphemisms are inoffensive expressions that are used in place of words with negative connotations.?
題目：As soon as the lecture?（講座）was over, a student went up to the lecturer (a native professor from the Untied Kingdom) and said, “You must be very tired. You’d better have a rest.” This is the appropriate way to show respect.
題目：Politics is an appropriate topic of conversation in the USA.?
題目：The Chinese view punctuality a sa virtue. Arriving late for busines meetings is an insult and could negatively affect your relationship.
題目：Since she didn’t want to upset her daughter, so she told a ________ lie.
題目：His father has been?in very good health?after he began jogging every morning three months ago.
題目：Such cultures as Indonesia, Pakistan and West Africa all? have relatively low individualistic index and prefer a collectivist orientation as a culture value.
題目：Where collectivism is low, the society emphasizes the role of the individuals.
題目：Where collectivism is high, the society emphasizes the role of men.
題目：Cultures such as Australia, Belgium and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
題目：Deductive pattern of thinking is from specific to general.
題目：Nations with a strong uncertainty avoidance tendency are Peru, Japan, Finland and the Netherlands.
題目：Inductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
題目：Nations such as Denmark, the Netherlands and Sweden tend towards a masculine
題目：The words masulinity and femininity do not refer to men and women, but refer to the degree to which masculine or feminine traits are valued and reserved.
題目：It is not advisable to make a high offer during a negotiation.
題目：Low-power-distance countries such as Austria, Finland and Greece hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.
題目：Countries like Brazil, Japan and South Korea rank high in long-term orientation index.
題目：Low-power-distance countries such as Norway, the United States and India hold that inequality in society should be minimized. In such countries, subordinates consider superior to be the same kind of people as they are, and superiors perceive their subordinates the same way.
題目：Cultures such as the Netherlands, the United States and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
題目：Deductive pattern of thinking is from general to specific.
題目：The values and behaviors of a particular culture may be the values and behaviors of all the individuals within that culture.
題目：People in high-power-distance countries such as Singapore, Greece and France believe that power and authority are facts of life. Both consciously and unconsciously, these cultures teach their members that people are not equal in this world and that everybody has a rightful place in the society.
題目：Many words from Chinese and English are different in both the denotational meanings and
題目：Which of the following is an example for this?
題目：My mother is always as busy as a ________.
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to work like a horse” is“像黃牛一樣干活"。
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “a rat in a hole” is “甕中之鱉”。
題目：The handshake is the most common touching behavior of greeting business people.
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cast the pearls before the swine” is “對牛彈琴”。
題目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating or substituting for verbal communication.
題目：Nonverbalbehaviors can be used in order to repeat or clarify verbal messages.
題目：The physical environment of a culture influences the development of vocabulary.
題目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of accenting verbal communication.
題目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or contradicting verbal communication.
題目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of complementing or substituting for verbal
題目：Directions: Read the following terms of intercultural communication and choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
題目：Nonverbal behaviorscan be used to emphasize verbal messages.
題目：All of our nonverbal behaviors—the gestures we make, the way we sit, how mucheye contact we make, how fast or how loud we talk, and how close we stand—send strong messages.
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to kill two birds with one stone” is“一箭雙雕" or “一舉兩得”。
題目：Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of accenting verbal communication.
題目：Nonverbal communication can be used as a means of repeating, complementing or regulating verbal communication.
題目：Where do their meanings come from? The answer is that meanings of words are usually conventionalized, influenced enormously by culture.
題目：The appopriate Chinese version for the Engish idiom “to cry up wine and sell vinegar” is“掛羊頭賣狗肉"。
題目：In the west, the most unwelcome number is “thirteen” becauseof its relation to the death of Jesus Christ after the Last Supper.
題目：1.?as busy as a
題目：2.?as proud as a
題目：3.?as stupid as a?
題目：4.?as black as a
題目：5.?as quiet as a
題目：6.?as cunning as a dead
題目：7. as hungry as a
題目：8. to kill two
題目：9.?a
題目：10.?a
題目：Passage One Animals are friends of human beings, so the languages of all nations contain a lot of words about animals. Certain words for animals do carry similar denotative and connotative meanings in both languages. In English, for instance, “dove” is often related to “peace”, and in Chinese we have a similar term “和平鴿”. Another example is that “fox” and “狐貍” both imply the quality of “being sly”, as is obvious in the idioms of “as sly as a fox” and “像狐貍一樣狡猾”. However, there are many words with the same denotative meanings but different connotative meanings. For instance, “bat” is an evil animal in European folk legends. The English idioms like “as blind as a bat” and “as crazy as a bat” give explanation by themselves. But many Chinese people believe that “bat” is the symbol of good luck, health and happiness. This is mainly because in “蝙蝠” “蝠” is pronounced the same with “福” (good fortune) in “幸福” (happiness) and “洪福” (limitless blessing). Still, there are many other words whose denotative and connotative meanings are both different in English and Chinese. For example, in the western world, “dragon” is a fire-spitting mythical animal, signifying violence, as in “He is a bit of dragon here.” By contrast, most Chinese people regard “龍” (Long) as a symbol of dignity and power, as in the idiom “望子成龍” (hold high hopes for one’s child). Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage.1. Some English words about animals carry both denotative and connotative meanings.
題目：2.?Many words from Chinese and English are the same in both the denotational meanings and connotational meanings, such as “fox” and “狐貍”.
題目：The Chinese word “蝙蝠” carries the same connotative meanings with the English word “bat”.
題目：The Chinese word “龍” carries the same denotative meaning with the English word “dragon”.
題目：“He is a bit of dragon here.” The equivalent Chinese version of this sentence is: 他在這一帶為非作歹。
題目：Passage Two Verbal skills in another culture can generally be mastered if one studies hard enough, but nonverbal skills are much more difficult to learn. Nonverbal behavior includes areas such as eye contact, facial expressions, postures, gestures, and the use of time, space, and territory. The messages sent by body language and the way we arrange time and space have always been open to interpretation. Does a raised eyebrow mean that your boss doubts your statement or just that she is seriously considering it? Does a closed door to an office mean that your coworker is angry or just that he is working on a project that requires concentration? Deciphering nonverbal communication is difficult for people who are culturally similar, and it is even more troublesome when cultures differ. n Western cultures, for example, people perceive silence as negative. It suggests rejection, unhappiness, facial expression, regret, embarrassment, or ignorance. However, the Japanese admire silence and consider it a key to success. A Japanese proverb says, “Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.” Over 60 percent of Japanese businesswomen said that they would prefer to marry silent men. Silence is equated with wisdom. Questions 6-10: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. According to this passage, what does nonverbal communication include?
題目：What does a raised eyebrow mean?
題目：What is the main idea of Paragraph One?
題目：How do western people view silence?
題目：10.“Those who know do not speak; those who speak do not know.”What does this Japanese proverb imply?
題目：Directions: Read the following English proverbs and sayings, and then choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
題目：Directions: Read the following terms of intercultural communication and choose the appropriate Chinese equivalent for each.
題目：Passage One Euphemism（委婉語）as a figure of speech（修辭手段）is more than just saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way. In the words of a famous sociolinguist（社會語言學(xué)家）, “The euphemism is a recognition（認知）by man of man’s imperfection（不完美；缺憾）, and at the same time a recognition by man that he belongs to better things. It is a false word substituted for（代替）the true word in order to soften the chock of reality（現(xiàn)實的混亂）.” It would seem then that the urge to speak euphemistically is a universal trait（普遍特征）, but varying in scope and motive with different individuals in different circumstance （環(huán)境）. Sometimes in some cases euphemisms go so far as some writers condemn（譴責(zé)） euphemisms as demoralizing（道德敗壞）. “In the hearings（聽證會）, criminality （犯罪行為） is given scores of numbing （使麻木） disguises（隱藏）… the roster（名冊）seems endless: dirty tricks （卑劣行為）, laundered money（洗錢）, telephone anomalies（電話異常）—all perform the same function: the separation of words from the truth.” However, the fact remains that euphemisms are very much part of the language, it is more important for us to be able to read into them to get the real meaning from them. Since the purpose of using euphemism is to reduce the unpleasantness of a term or notion, it is natural to find many euphemistic terms used in governments’ announcements（公告）, in international relations, and in the military（軍事）. For example, the former（前任）President of United States Ronald Reagon（里根）who had promised the American public to cut taxes called for（號召）revenue enhancements （加強預(yù)算）instead of “tax increases”. The term for “the third world countries” was at first underdeveloped nations（不發(fā)達國家）, then developing countries（發(fā)展中國家）and then emerging nations（新興國家）took its places. Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage. 1. Euphemism, as a figure of speech, is simply saying something unpleasant in a pleasant way.
題目：To some sociolinguist, people use euphemisms in order to avoid being cheated.
題目：People everywhere use euphemisms.
題目：Since euphemisms tend to separate words from truth, we have to be able to understand the real meaning from them.
題目：One seldom sees euphemisms used in international relations.
題目：Passage Two The international flavor of many people’s jobs naturally means that there is greater interaction（交往）between people from different cultures. Within the business environment, understanding and coping with intercultural differences between people is critical（重要的）to ensuring（保證）that interpersonal communication is successful. Intercultural awareness（跨文化意識）is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, it minimizes（減少）the possibility of misunderstandings （誤解）and/or causing offense （冒犯）through intercultural mishaps（意外）. Secondly, it is a means to maximizing （使……最大化）the potential of business relationships through the utilization（利用）of intercultural differences productively. One area within the business environment in which intercultural awareness is a necessity is in business presentation. Directors（主管）, managers, salespeople, consultants （顧問）and business personnel are regularly required to deliver presentations. However, when one is asked to give a presentation to an audience from a different culture there are intercultural factors that can hinder（阻礙）the success of a presentation. Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. What is very important in interpersonal communication according to the text?
題目：What can we infer（推理）from the text about intercultural communication?
題目：How can intercultural awareness help in strengthening business relationship?
題目：What does intercultural awareness mean?
題目：If this text goes on, what do you think the author is going to talk about next?
題目：Passage One According to the American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender（性別）. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, women’s ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male style are both valid（有效的）. Here are some of Tannen’s main points: Conversational styles in boys and girls show up（顯現(xiàn)）early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their ranks in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, men’s conversational styles often use competition（競爭）, while women try to keep the appearance of equality（平等）. Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt（試圖）to restore（恢復(fù)）the power balance （權(quán)力平衡） in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly （不公正地）blamed. Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted（理解）by Western men as showing insecurity（局促不安） and lack of confidence（缺乏自信）. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese. Questions 1-5: Decide whether the following statements are True or False according to the passage. 1. Communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture and diet.
題目：Business people normally act according to how men communicate with each other.
題目：Kids are concerned about similar things when they are about 5.
題目：Women tend to feel that it is not fair to be blamed when men don’t think they are also responsible for certain thing.
題目：Women in the west like indirect ways of speaking, which is taken by men as confident.
題目：Passage Two Another person’s face can be referred to directly and generously（慷慨地） promoted（促進）. Take note（注意）, though: the Confucian hierarchies（儒家的等級制度）play an important role here. If you are in the superior（級別、地位較高的）role (boss, teacher, father, customer, etc.), it gives face for you to praise your subordinates（級別、職位較低者）. If you are in the inferior （級別、地位較低的）role (employee, student, salesman, etc.), your attempt to （試圖）give face by praising your superior may label you a ‘poseur’ （裝腔作勢的人）(not aware of your own level). Alternatively（或者）, praising your superior is understood as intending to curry favor （贏取好感、拍馬屁）. The Chinese have two colorful expressions（富有趣味的表達）describing this. A gen pi chong（跟屁蟲）is a fart-following insect (‘brown noser’ in the West) who likes to pai ma pi（拍馬屁）or ‘stroke the horse’s ass’. Face can be given to superior by letting them instruct you or give you face in front of others. They gain face by giving face, you gain face by retreating（退讓）. Confucian hierarchies of face are no more evident（顯而易見的）than in the definition of family structure（家庭結(jié)構(gòu)）through language. Every familiar relationship extending out in several branches carries a distinct （明顯的、確切的） term. For example, older brother (gege) and younger brother (didi) are separate terms. Paternal grandmother（父親的母親）(zumu) and maternal grandmother（母親的母親）(wai zumu, literally （字面意思） ‘outside grandmother’) carry a distinct difference in tone（語氣）and apparent class（顯而易見的等級）. The terms for ‘Mister’ is mot telling: xiansheng means ‘firstborn’ (as in first-born male heir), a person with whom the hope and future of the family resides（存在）. In contrast（相對而言）, the term for ‘Miss’ is xiaojie, which means ‘little big sister.’ If you are speaking English to your Chinese counterparts, you will not need to memorize all the different relations. However, you’ll need to remember how you fit into the hierarchy of face in each particular conversation in Chinese. In conclusion, one gains face by understanding the role one is in and what actions are appropriate（適宜的）to that role to maintain harmony（保持和諧）. Questions 610: Choose the best choice to complete each statement or answer each question. 6. Why is Confucian hierarchy mentioned here?
題目：As a superior you give face ________.
題目：As a subordinate you give face ________.
題目：9.?Why is Chinese family structure mentioned here?
題目：9.?According to the author, how are face and harmony related?
題目：1. Mike was in a mood yesterday.
題目：2.Don’t wave a flag in front of him; he failed the driving test again.
題目：Since my brother was appointed the CEO, the company has been running in the
題目：4.Don’t be -eyed. Work hard and you’ll make progress soon.
題目：A computer would be a elephant to him, because he doesn’t know how to use it.
題目：I just can’t understand why you would marry him. He is a dog.
題目：7.Do you know the man who’s in a study under the tree over there?
題目：You expected too much of her. She is a hand in teaching English, anyway.
題目：9.We had thought Tom wouldn’t come to our party but he arrived out of the
題目：That was only a harmless lie. I didn’t want to hurt her. I know if she knew the truth, she would do something silly.
題目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
題目：When engaging in a small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one’s family and political discussions may be inappropriate topics in some cultures.
題目：Age is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
題目：Politics is an appropriate topic of conversation in the USA.
題目：Several factors of culture influence the meaings and usage of idioms, including geography, agriculture, literature and art, history, religion, social customs and so on.
題目：On the way to the school library, Xiao Song saw Professor Williams walking to the library, too. “Where are you going?” is not the appropriate utterance（話語）for Xiao Song.
題目：First name is used almost immediately by people from China.
題目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
題目：Travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
題目：Normally, when hearing compliments, a typical Western reaction is to show modesty and humility.
題目：In high masculinity societies, sex roles are not clearly differentiated and men are dominant.
題目：Deductive thought pattern tends to use a “topic-comment” order of presentation.
題目：Feminine cultures expect men to be assertive, ambitious, and competitive.
題目：In high masculinity societies, sex roles are not differentiated and women are not dominant.
題目：Nations with a strong uncertainty avoidance tendency are Portugal, Greece, Denamark and Norway.
題目：Cultures such as Australia, Belgium and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
題目：Cultures such as the Netherlands, the United States and Japan are relatively highly individualistic, believing that the autonomy of the individual is paramount.
題目：Individualistic cultures require an absolute loyalty to the group.
題目：It is sufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.
題目：It is insufficient for businesspeople to learn the language well in order to achieve successful intercultural negotiations.
題目：Wang Gang is invited to a meal at the home of an American couple. He is offered a second helping but he has already had enough, so he says, “That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty. Thanks. ” This is the appropriate utterance（話語）for him.
題目：Logo gifts are fine as small tokens and remembrances for meetings held, not generally as the sincerest form of a thank-you gift.
題目：Xiao Li works as a secretary in the International Computer Engineering Corporation. One day she worked very late. Her boss said to her, "Thanks a lot. That’s a great help."The most appropriate response（回應(yīng)）for Xiao Li would be “It’s nothing.”
題目：The procedure for making introductions varies from culture to culture. First names are used almost immediately by people from UK and the USA.
題目：Wang Ming is invited to a meal at the home of an American couple. He is offered a second helping but he has already had enough, so he says, “That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty. Thanks. ” This is the appropriate utterance（話語）for him.
題目：When engaging in a small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one’s family and political discussions are always the appropriate topics in all cultures.
題目：Weather, travel, age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
題目：As soon as the lecture （講座）was over, a student went up to the lecturer (a native professor from the Untied States) and said, “You must be very tired. You’d better have a rest.” This is the inappropriate way to show respect.
題目：Weather, travel and foods are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
題目：Because of the cultural differences, many idioms come from history only have half-equivalent idioms in another language.
題目：The procedure for making introductions varies from culture to culture. First names are used almost immediately by people from Germany and Italy.
題目：Weather is an appropriate topic of conversation in the UK.
題目：Age and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the UK.
題目：Idioms are heavily loaded with culture.
題目：The connotation of the black color is the same in both English and Chinese cultures.
題目：First name is used almost immediately by people from China.
題目：An idiom does not allow any change in its structure.
題目：On the way to the school library, Xiao Song saw Professor Williams walking to the library, too. “Where are you going?” is not the appropriate utterance（話語）for Xiao Song.
題目：Red in Chinese is only associated with prosperity and success or celebration.
題目：While doing business in China, it is crucial that you arrive at meetings on time or slightly early.
題目：If you make a presentation in a business meeting and the audience are the Americans, it should be direct and to the point.
題目：All cultures require and value politeness, and the ways in which the politeness is achieved is the same.
題目：Generally speaking, the richer cultural background an idiom has, the more difficult it is to find an equivalent part in another language.
題目：Weather and politics are appropriate topics of conversation in the USA.
題目：We can find many equivalent idioms and proverbs between English and Chinese.
題目：The person ahead of Wang Lin in line （排隊）at a café dropped his pen. Wang Lin picked it up and gave it back to him. When he said “Thank you”, Wang Lin answered “Never mind.”This is the inappropriate response for him.
答案：
A、1

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【渝粤题库】广东开放大学 跨文化商务沟通 形成性考核

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【渝粤题库】广东开放大学跨文化商务沟通形成性考核