window部署python项目_Django在Window下的部署
轉(zhuǎn)載 : codingsoho.com
前言
本文主要介紹利用apache去部署Django項(xiàng)目，所有步驟均在本機(jī)Window7和阿里云驗(yàn)證通過(guò)。
配置
本例的基本配置如下：
工作目錄： C:/virtualenv/zakkabag
項(xiàng)目名稱： zakkabag
最終的安裝版本如下，后面我會(huì)一步一步描述如何安裝
操作系統(tǒng)
python
mysql
apache
Windows Server 2016 64bit
python 2.7.3 (32 位)
python-2.7.3.msi
32位安裝版
mysql-5.5.12-win32.msi
MySQL-python-1.2.4b4.win32-py2.7.exe
32位安裝版
httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi
mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3
安裝
Python2.7.3
Windows x86 MSI Installer (2.7.3) (sig) http://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.3/python-2.7.3.msi
安裝路徑： D:\Python27 (example)
安裝完成之后，記得把D:\Python27加入環(huán)境變量Path，這樣Python命令可以在任意路徑執(zhí)行
執(zhí)行python命令，如果出現(xiàn)下面信息，說(shuō)明安裝已成功
C:\Users\User1>python
Python 2.7.6 (default, Nov 10 2013, 19:24:18) [MSC v.1500 32 bit (Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
Django
Django的安裝有多種方法，可以從源碼安裝，也可以利用pip命令安裝
源碼安裝
文件路徑； D:\Django-1.5.5 (example)，這是一個(gè)很老的版本，之前用這個(gè)方法安裝過(guò)，這兒僅是提供一種方法，一般我現(xiàn)在采用pip方法安裝
安裝命令:
cd D:\Django-1.5.5
python setup.py install
Django會(huì)在python Lib目錄下面創(chuàng)建新的目錄： d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django
….
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\i18n.py to i18n.pyc
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\static.py to static.py
……
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\views\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
byte-compiling d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\django\__init__.py to __init__.pyc
running install_scripts
creating d:\Python27\Scripts
copying build\scripts-2.7\django-admin.py -> d:\Python27\Scripts
running install_egg_info
Writing d:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\Django-1.5.5-py2.7.egg-info
把D:\Python27\Lib\site-packages\加入環(huán)境變量path
把D:\Python27\Script加入環(huán)境變量Path，這樣django-admin.py可以在任意目錄運(yùn)行
pip安裝
pip install django==1.5.5
mysql & MySQLLdb
參考mysql安裝指南
Apache2.2
安裝版
從官網(wǎng)下載apache安裝包http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi，我的安裝路徑為d:\Program Files\
我之前用的版本是httpd-2.2.25-win32-x86-no_ssl.msi，官網(wǎng)已經(jīng)找不到了，我的理解只要裝同一系列應(yīng)該問(wèn)題就可以了。
安裝完成之后，主要的路徑及文件如下：
d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\ 組件位置，需要加載的組件放在該路徑
d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\ httpd.conf 最重要的配置文件
D:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.4\logs 相關(guān)錯(cuò)誤打印可以在下面文件找到
免安裝版
下載
配置
需要將一些對(duì)應(yīng)的路徑替換掉，以httpd-2.2-x64版本為例，將安裝文件httpd-2.2.19-win64.rar解壓到目錄D:/PythonWebSW
文件conf/httpd.conf
ServerRoot?"/httpd-2.2-x64"
DocumentRoot?"/httpd-2.2-x64/htdocs"
ScriptAlias?/cgi-bin/?"/httpd-2.2-x64/cgi-bin/"
替換為
ServerRoot?"D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64"
DocumentRoot?"D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/htdocs"
ScriptAlias?/cgi-bin/?"D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/cgi-bin/"
文件conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
ServerAdmin?webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot?"/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName?dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias?www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog?"logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog?"logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log"?common
ServerAdmin?webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot?"/httpd-2.2-x64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName?dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog?"logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog?"logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log"?common
替換為
ServerAdmin?webmaster@dummy-host.example.com
DocumentRoot?"D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host.example.com"
ServerName?dummy-host.example.com
ServerAlias?www.dummy-host.example.com
ErrorLog?"logs/dummy-host.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog?"logs/dummy-host.example.com-access.log"?common
ServerAdmin?webmaster@dummy-host2.example.com
DocumentRoot?"D:/PythonWebSW/httpd-2.2.19-win64/docs/dummy-host2.example.com"
ServerName?dummy-host2.example.com
ErrorLog?"logs/dummy-host2.example.com-error.log"
CustomLog?"logs/dummy-host2.example.com-access.log"?common
安裝
D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k install
有的時(shí)候會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)
D:\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd?-k?install
Installing?the?Apache2.2?service
The?Apache2.2?service?is?successfully?installed.
Testing?httpd.conf....
Errors?reported?here?must?be?corrected?before?the?service?can?be?started.
httpd:?Could?not?reliably?determine?the?server's?fully?qualified?domain?name,?using?192.168.1.101?for?ServerName
(OS?10013)An?attempt?was?made?to?access?a?socket?in?a?way?forbidden?by?its?access?permissions.??:?make_sock:?could?not?bind?to?address?0.0.0.0:80
no?listening?sockets?available,?shutting?down
Unable?to?open?logs
原因及解決：有可能是系統(tǒng)80端口默認(rèn)被占用了，可以修改conf/httpd.conf監(jiān)聽端口，Listen 80 修改為 Listen 8081(或其他端口號(hào))
啟動(dòng)
D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>start httpd
卸載
D:\PythonWebSW\httpd-2.2.19-win64\bin>httpd -k uninstall
mod_wsgi
下載
注意：下載mod_wsgi.so版本需和python和apache匹配
我之前下過(guò)一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)apache22和python2.7的版本，名字mod_wsgi-win32-ap22py27-3.3，這個(gè)可以直接用，所以一直用著，網(wǎng)上可以直接搜到。
安裝和配置
將mod_wsgi.so放到d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\modules\ , 并在httpd.conf里添加
LoadModule wsgi_module modules/mod_wsgi.so
httpd.conf的位置在d:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Apache2.2\conf\
注意：apache裝載wsgi模塊，名字可以自定義
配置 httpd.conf
搜索http.conf文件,把"Deny from all" 及 "Require all denied" 等語(yǔ)句全部注釋掉:
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Require all denied
Order deny,allow
Deny from all
修改為
Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
測(cè)試wsgi
添加test.wsgi文件，我放在項(xiàng)目下面的apache文件夾下，這個(gè)文件夾是專門用來(lái)放跟apache相關(guān)的配置的
def?application(environ,?start_response):
status?=?'200?OK'
output?=?'Hello?World!'
response_headers?=?[('Content-type',?'text/plain'),
('Content-Length',?str(len(output)))]
start_response(status,?response_headers)
return?[output]
在http.conf里面引入這段代碼
Include?"?C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache?/test.wsgi?"
注：這兒監(jiān)聽端口是8081
項(xiàng)目配置
項(xiàng)目主目錄
在項(xiàng)目目錄下面創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件夾apache，添加文件"django.wsgi" & "apache_django_wsgi.conf"
和test.wsgi一樣，我們也可以用這個(gè)方法引入這段配置
Include " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/apache_django_wsgi.conf"
注：這些配置文件可直接寫在httpd.conf文件里，但我傾向于用專門的文件，這樣便于項(xiàng)目維護(hù)
apache_django_wsgi.conf
測(cè)試項(xiàng)目
WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/test.wsgi"
實(shí)際項(xiàng)目
WSGIScriptAlias / " C:/virtualenv/zakkabag/apache/django.wsgi"
Options FollowSymLinks
AllowOverride None
Order deny,allow
Allow from all
django.wsgi
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE']="zakkabag.settings"
importdjango
django.setup()
importdjango.core.handlers.wsgi
application =django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
靜態(tài)資源
apache_django_wsgi.conf
Alias /static "C:/virtualenv/ zakkabag /static_in_env/static_root"
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
Django的setting里
Settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
重啟
配置完成之后記得重啟apache
常見問(wèn)題
問(wèn)題1(OS 5)Access is denied. : Apache2.2: OpenService failed
如果出現(xiàn)這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，用管理員權(quán)限打開cmd
問(wèn)題2(OS 1072)The specified service has been marked for deletion. : Apache2.2: Failed to delete the service.
將service里面的停掉
問(wèn)題3ImproperlyConfigured: Error loading MySQLdb module: No module named MySQLdb
原因是MysqlLdb沒(méi)有安裝好，具體參考mysql安裝指南文章
Window 安裝文件：
MySQL-python-1.2.3.win-amd64-py2.7.exe
Linux:
MySQL-python==1.2.3
生成的文件如下
MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.7.egg-info (文件夾)
MySQLdb (文件夾)
_mysql.pyd
_mysql_exceptions.py
_mysql_exceptions.pyc
_mysql_exceptions.pyo
問(wèn)題4機(jī)器上可能會(huì)配置多個(gè)apache，有的時(shí)候安裝新的apache時(shí)需要先把之前install的uninstall
問(wèn)題5 Django: AppRegistryNotReady()
在 django.wsgi, 添加setup()
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE']="zakkabag.settings"
importdjango
django.setup()
importdjango.core.handlers.wsgi
application =django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
setup()
This function is called automatically:
When running an HTTP server via Django's WSGI support.
When invoking a management command.
It must be called explicitly in other cases, for instance in plain Python scripts.
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