文章目錄

• 1 前言
• 2 tldr
• 3 安裝
• 4 使用

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1 前言

??linux命令非常多，少用的命令往往易忘記，甚至常用的語(yǔ)法較為復(fù)雜的命令也不好記住。當(dāng)然有些太復(fù)雜的命令也不需要死記硬背，我們往往會(huì)借助man命令去查找命令的具有用法。man功能著實(shí)強(qiáng)大，但有的時(shí)候顯得繁瑣累贅；我們只需要關(guān)鍵的使用語(yǔ)法、例子，man給出了一堆詳細(xì)信息，影響我們提取關(guān)鍵信息，特別是比較陌生的命令。

acuity@ubuntu:~$ man tar TAR(1) BSD General Commands Manual TAR(1)NAMEtar — The GNU version of the tar archiving utilitySYNOPSIStar [-] A --catenate --concatenate | c --create | d --diff --compare | --delete | r --append | t --list | --test-label | u --update | x --extract --get [options] [pathname ...]DESCRIPTIONTar stores and extracts files from a tape or disk archive.The first argument to tar should be a function; either one of the letters Acdrtux, or one of the long function names. A function letter need not be prefixed with ``-'', and may be combined with other single-letteroptions. A long function name must be prefixed with --. Some options take a parameter; with the single-letter form these must be given as separate arguments. With the long form, they may be given by appending =value tothe option.FUNCTION LETTERSMain operation mode:-A, --catenate, --concatenateappend tar files to an archive-c, --createcreate a new archive-d, --diff, --comparefind differences between archive and file system--deletedelete from the archive (not on mag tapes!)-r, --appendappend files to the end of an archive-t, --listlist the contents of an archive--test-labeltest the archive volume label and exit

??總會(huì)有一些高效的工具出現(xiàn)，去改變一些東西，比如tldr工具，一個(gè)使用非常方便、高效的linux命令工具查詢器，而且還是開(kāi)源的。

2 tldr

??tldr，作者給出的含義是Too Long; Didn’t Read，直譯即是“太長(zhǎng)，不值得一讀”，嚴(yán)重懷疑在明嘲暗諷man。tldr簡(jiǎn)化了煩瑣的man的輸出幫助信息，只列出關(guān)鍵的語(yǔ)法信息、例子，方便用戶使用。

??tldr開(kāi)源地址：https://github.com/tldr-pages/tldr

3 安裝

??tldr安裝比較簡(jiǎn)單，主機(jī)聯(lián)網(wǎng)狀態(tài)下，可以直接在線安裝。x64 ubuntu16 安裝步驟如下：

• 第一步， 安裝 npm

sudo apt-get install npm -y

??為了快速下載，我們先更新一下npm 的包鏡像源：

sudo npm config set registry https://registry.npm.taobao.org

??接著升級(jí)到最新版本的npm：

sudo npm install npm@latest -g

• 第二步，安裝 nodejs

sudo apt install nodejs

??可能會(huì)提示如下錯(cuò)誤：

acuity@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt install nodejs Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:gyp libjs-inherits libjs-node-uuid libjs-underscore libuv1 libuv1-dev node-abbrev node-ansi node-ansi-color-table node-archy node-async node-block-stream node-combined-stream node-cookie-jar node-delayed-stream node-forever-agentnode-form-data node-fstream node-fstream-ignore node-github-url-from-git node-glob node-graceful-fs node-gyp node-inherits node-ini node-json-stringify-safe node-lockfile node-lru-cache node-mime node-minimatch node-mkdirpnode-mute-stream node-node-uuid node-nopt node-normalize-package-data node-npmlog node-once node-osenv node-qs node-read node-read-package-json node-request node-retry node-rimraf node-semver node-sha node-sigmund node-slidenode-tar node-tunnel-agent node-underscore node-which Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. The following packages will be REMOVED:nodejs-dev nodejs-legacy npm The following packages will be upgraded:nodejs 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 3 to remove and 89 not upgraded. Need to get 18.1 MB of archives. After this operation, 68.5 MB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y Get:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x xenial/main amd64 nodejs amd64 12.20.1-1nodesource1 [18.1 MB] Err:1 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x xenial/main amd64 nodejs amd64 12.20.1-1nodesource1 Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 120 seconds E: Failed to fetch https://deb.nodesource.com/node_12.x/pool/main/n/nodejs/nodejs_12.20.1-1nodesource1_amd64.deb Operation too slow. Less than 10 bytes/sec transferred the last 120 seconds E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
??如果出現(xiàn)該錯(cuò)誤，說(shuō)明安裝源過(guò)于陳舊，根據(jù)以下步驟更新安裝源：

【1】配置域名解析文件resolv.conf ，增加“nameserver 8.8.8.8”內(nèi)容

sudo vim /etc/resolv.conf

【2】更新安裝源

sudo apt-get update

??更新完成，再執(zhí)行sudo apt install nodejs即可成功安裝nodejs。

• 第三步，安裝tldr

sudo npm install -g tldr

• 第四步，使用前建議先更新下

sudo tldr --update

4 使用

??執(zhí)行tldr會(huì)提示使用方法，還有例子，很是人性化。

acuity@ubuntu:~$ tldr Usage: tldr command [options]Simplified and community-driven man pagesOptions:-V, --version output the version number-l, --list List all commands for the chosen platform in the cache-a, --list-all List all commands in the cache-1, --single-column List single command per line (use with options -l or -a)-r, --random Show a random command-e, --random-example Show a random example-f, --render [file] Render a specific markdown [file]-m, --markdown Output in markdown format-o, --os [type] Override the operating system [linux, osx, sunos]--linux Override the operating system with Linux--osx Override the operating system with OSX--sunos Override the operating system with SunOS-t, --theme [theme] Color theme (simple, base16, ocean)-s, --search [keywords] Search pages using keywords-u, --update Update the local cache-c, --clear-cache Clear the local cache-h, --help display help for commandExamples:$ tldr tar$ tldr du --os=linux$ tldr --search "create symbolic link to file"$ tldr --list$ tldr --list-all$ tldr --random$ tldr --random-exampleTo control the cache:$ tldr --update$ tldr --clear-cacheTo render a local file (for testing):$ tldr --render /path/to/file.md

??查詢tar命令的使用方法，與前面的man的查詢結(jié)果相比，tldr的結(jié)果顯得通俗、精煉，方便用戶抓住關(guān)鍵信息。

acuity@ubuntu:~$ tldr tar ? Page not found. Updating cache... ? Creating index...tarArchiving utility.Often combined with a compression method, such as gzip or bzip.More information: https://www.gnu.org/software/tar.- [c]reate an archive from [f]iles:tar cf target.tar file1 file2 file3- [c]reate a g[z]ipped archive from [f]iles:tar czf target.tar.gz file1 file2 file3- [c]reate a g[z]ipped archive from a directory using relative paths:tar czf target.tar.gz --directory=path/to/directory .- E[x]tract a (compressed) archive [f]ile into the current directory:tar xf source.tar[.gz|.bz2|.xz]- E[x]tract a (compressed) archive [f]ile into the target directory:tar xf source.tar[.gz|.bz2|.xz] --directory=directory- [c]reate a compressed archive from [f]iles, using [a]rchive suffix to determine the compression program:tar caf target.tar.xz file1 file2 file3- Lis[t] the contents of a tar [f]ile [v]erbosely:tar tvf source.tar- E[x]tract [f]iles matching a pattern:tar xf source.tar --wildcards "*.html"

總結(jié)

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