JavaFX UI控件教程（二十六）之Pagination Control
翻譯自??Pagination Control
本章介紹如何向JavaFX應用程序添加分頁控件。它教授如何向應用程序添加分頁控件，管理其頁面項，以及使用CSS樣式設置控件元素的樣式。
分頁控件，用于瀏覽分成較小部分的多頁內容。典型用途包括瀏覽郵箱中的電子郵件或在搜索結果中進行選擇。在觸摸設備中，分頁控件可用于瀏覽文章的單個頁面或在屏幕之間導航。圖25-1顯示了一個分頁控件，它顯示了操作系統中可用的字體。
圖25-1分頁控制
?
創建分頁控件
分頁控件由頁面內容和頁面導航區域組成。頁面內容區域根據應用程序邏輯呈現和布置內容。頁面導航區域包含預制控件，用于預覽內容的特定部分。圖25-2顯示了導航區域的結構和基本元素。
圖25-2分頁控制的導航區域
您可以通過單擊特定頁面指示器或單擊“下一頁”和“上一頁”按鈕來瀏覽頁面。選擇第一頁時，將禁用“上一頁”按鈕。同樣，當選擇最后一個導航指示器時，將禁用“下一頁”按鈕。
JavaFX SDK API提供了Pagination將分頁控件添加到JavaFX應用程序的類。例25-1顯示了Pagination該類的三個可用構造函數。
例25-1分頁類的三個構造函數
//Creates a Pagination control with an INDETERMINATE page count //and the current page index equal to zero pagination1 = new Pagination(); //Creates a Pagination control with 5 pages //and the current page index equal to zero pagination2 = new Pagination(5); //Creates a Pagination control with 5 pages //and the current selected index equal to 2 pagination3 = new Pagination(5, 2);例25-1中的pagination3控件顯示在圖25-3中。
圖25-3沒有內容的分頁控制
請注意，頁面索引從0開始。因此，要從選擇的第三個頁面開始，您需要將其設置currentPageIndexProperty為2。
pagination3控件的頁面為空，因為沒有內容添加到控件。
您不能將任何項目直接添加到分頁控件，它需要設置頁面工廠。使用類的setPageFactory方法Pagination通過實現頁面工廠來定義頁面內容。
?
實施頁面工廠
將setPageFactory被用于定義分頁控件的頁面工廠。應用程序開發人員創建一個回調方法并將分頁頁面工廠設置為使用此回調。選擇頁面時將調用回調方法。它加載并返回所選頁面的內容。null如果所選頁面索引不存在，則必須返回該值。例25-2創建了一個包含28頁的分頁控件，并使用搜索結果填充頁面，每頁分配8個項目。
示例25-2將超鏈接添加到分頁控件
import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.control.Pagination; import javafx.scene.Node; import javafx.scene.control.Hyperlink; import javafx.scene.control.Label; import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.stage.Stage; import javafx.util.Callback;public class PaginationSample extends Application {private Pagination pagination;public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {launch(args);}public int itemsPerPage() {return 8;}public VBox createPage(int pageIndex) {VBox box = new VBox(5);int page = pageIndex * itemsPerPage();for (int i = page; i < page + itemsPerPage(); i++) {VBox element = new VBox();Hyperlink link = new Hyperlink("Item " + (i+1));link.setVisited(true);Label text = new Label("Search results\nfor "+ link.getText());element.getChildren().addAll(link, text);box.getChildren().add(element);}return box;}@Overridepublic void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {pagination = new Pagination(28, 0);pagination.setStyle("-fx-border-color:red;");pagination.setPageFactory(new Callback<Integer, Node>() {@Overridepublic Node call(Integer pageIndex) {return createPage(pageIndex);}});AnchorPane anchor = new AnchorPane();AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pagination, 10.0);anchor.getChildren().addAll(pagination);Scene scene = new Scene(anchor);stage.setScene(scene);stage.setTitle("PaginationSample");stage.show();} }頁面數和所選頁面是在Pagination類的構造函數中定義的。或者，您可以Pagination使用setPageCount和setCurrentPageIndex方法創建控件并隨后設置頁數和所選頁面的索引。
Pagination控件的內容在createPage用作頁面工廠的方法中聲明，并由setPageFactory方法調用。該createPage方法創建超鏈接對和相應的標簽，并垂直排列，在元素之間設置五個像素的間隔。
編譯并運行例25-2時，應該看到如圖25-4所示的輸出。
圖25-4使用分頁控件預覽搜索結果
Pagination如果頁數超過10?，則控件的當前實現顯示10個頁面指示符。要為顯示的頁面指示符設置替代值，請使用類的setMaxPageIndicatorCount方法Pagination。例如，將以下行添加到示例25-2以顯示七個頁面指示符：pagination.setMaxPageIndicatorCount(7);。圖25-5顯示了應用更改后的PaginationSample應用程序。
圖25-5更改頁面指示符的數量
例25-3顯示了分頁控件的另一種用法。應用程序呈現文本片段，每頁一個。片段的數量為5，并且分頁控件的聲明頁數為28.要避免某種ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException情況，請添加頁面索引檢查（在示例25-3中以粗體突出顯示）并使回調方法在返回null時返回頁數超過五。
示例25-3將文本片段添加到分頁控件
import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.control.Pagination; import javafx.scene.Node; import javafx.scene.control.TextArea; import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.stage.Stage; import javafx.util.Callback;public class PaginationSample extends Application {private Pagination pagination;final String[] textPages = new String[]{"The apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, species Malus "+ "domestica in the rose family (Rosaceae). It is one of the most "+ "widely cultivated tree fruits, and the most widely known of "+ "the many members of genus Malus that are used by humans. "+ "The tree originated in Western Asia, where its wild ancestor, "+ "the Alma, is still found today.","The hawthorn is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the rose family,"+ "Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere "+ "in Europe, Asia and North America. The name hawthorn was "+ "originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, "+ "especially the Common Hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified "+ "name is often so used in Britain and Ireland.","The ivy is a flowering plant in the grape family (Vitaceae) native to "+ " eastern Asia in Japan, Korea, and northern and eastern China. "+ "It is a deciduous woody vine growing to 30 m tall or more given "+ "suitable support, attaching itself by means of numerous small "+ "branched tendrils tipped with sticky disks.","The quince is the sole member of the genus Cydonia and is native to "+ "warm-temperate southwest Asia in the Caucasus region. The "+ "immature fruit is green with dense grey-white pubescence, most "+ "of which rubs off before maturity in late autumn when the fruit "+ "changes color to yellow with hard, strongly perfumed flesh.","Aster (syn. Diplopappus Cass.) is a genus of flowering plants "+ "in the family Asteraceae. The genus once contained nearly 600 "+ "species in Eurasia and North America, but after morphologic "+ "and molecular research on the genus during the 1990s, it was "+ "decided that the North American species are better treated in a "+ "series of other related genera. After this split there are "+ "roughly 180 species within the genus, all but one being confined "+ "to Eurasia."};public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {launch(args);}public int itemsPerPage() {return 1;}public VBox createPage(int pageIndex) {VBox box = new VBox(5);int page = pageIndex * itemsPerPage();for (int i = page; i < page + itemsPerPage(); i++) {TextArea text = new TextArea(textPages[i]);text.setWrapText(true);box.getChildren().add(text);}return box;}@Overridepublic void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {pagination = new Pagination(28, 0);pagination.setStyle("-fx-border-color:red;");pagination.setPageFactory(new Callback<Integer, Node>() {@Overridepublic Node call(Integer pageIndex) {if (pageIndex >= textPages.length) {return null;} else {return createPage(pageIndex);}}});AnchorPane anchor = new AnchorPane();AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pagination, 10.0);anchor.getChildren().addAll(pagination);Scene scene = new Scene(anchor, 400, 250);stage.setScene(scene);stage.setTitle("PaginationSample");stage.show();} }編譯并運行例25-3時，您將看到如圖25-6所示的輸出。
圖25-6在分頁控件中渲染文本片段
在某些情況下，您無法設置要呈現的確切項目數，因此也無法設置分頁控件中的頁數。在這種情況下，您可以包含一行代碼，用于計算Pagination對象構造函數中的頁數。例25-4輸出系統字體列表，并計算頁數作為字體數組的長度除以每頁的項數。
示例25-4添??加未確定大小的內容
import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.control.Pagination; import javafx.scene.Node; import javafx.scene.control.Label; import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.scene.text.Font; import javafx.stage.Stage; import javafx.util.Callback;public class PaginationSample extends Application {private Pagination pagination;String[] fonts = new String[]{};public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {launch(args);}public int itemsPerPage() {return 15;}public VBox createPage(int pageIndex) { VBox box = new VBox(5);int page = pageIndex * itemsPerPage();for (int i = page; i < page + itemsPerPage(); i++) {Label font = new Label(fonts[i]);box.getChildren().add(font);}return box;}@Overridepublic void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {fonts = Font.getFamilies().toArray(fonts);pagination = new Pagination(fonts.length/itemsPerPage(), 0);pagination.setStyle("-fx-border-color:red;");pagination.setPageFactory(new Callback<Integer, Node>() {@Overridepublic Node call(Integer pageIndex) { return createPage(pageIndex); }});AnchorPane anchor = new AnchorPane();AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pagination, 10.0);anchor.getChildren().addAll(pagination);Scene scene = new Scene(anchor, 400, 450);stage.setScene(scene);stage.setTitle("PaginationSample");stage.show();} }編譯并運行此示例時，它將生成如圖25-7所示的應用程序窗口。
圖25-7使用分頁控件渲染系統字體
?
設計分頁控制
您可以通過設置樣式類來自定義分頁控件以顯示項目符號頁面指示符而不是數字頁面指示符STYLE_CLASS_BULLET。此外，您可以在caspian樣式表中修改默認的分頁樣式。
例25-5給出了例25-4中分頁控件的可視元素的一些替代樣式。
例25-5分頁控制的修改樣式
.pagination {-fx-border-color: #0E5D79; }.pagination .page {-fx-background-color: #DDF1F8; }.pagination .pagination-control {-fx-background-color: #C8C6C6; }.pagination .pagination-control .bullet-button {-fx-background-color: transparent, #DDF1F8, #0E5D79, white, white; }.pagination .pagination-control .bullet-button:selected { -fx-background-color: transparent, #DDF1F8, #0E5D79, white, #0E5D79; }.pagination .pagination-control .left-arrow, .right-arrow{-fx-background-color: #DDF1F8, #0E5D79; }例25-6將這些樣式應用于分頁控件，并為頁面指示器設置項目符號樣式。
例25-6在PaginationSample應用程序中啟用修改的分頁控制樣式
import javafx.application.Application; import javafx.scene.Scene; import javafx.scene.control.Pagination; import javafx.scene.Node; import javafx.scene.control.Label; import javafx.scene.layout.AnchorPane; import javafx.scene.layout.VBox; import javafx.scene.text.Font; import javafx.stage.Stage; import javafx.util.Callback;public class PaginationSample extends Application {private Pagination pagination;String[] fonts = new String[]{};public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {launch(args);}public int itemsPerPage() {return 15;}public VBox createPage(int pageIndex) { VBox box = new VBox(5);int page = pageIndex * itemsPerPage();for (int i = page; i < page + itemsPerPage(); i++) {Label font = new Label(fonts[i]);box.getChildren().add(font);}return box;}@Overridepublic void start(final Stage stage) throws Exception {fonts = Font.getFamilies().toArray(fonts);pagination = new Pagination(fonts.length/itemsPerPage(), 0);pagination.getStyleClass().add(Pagination.STYLE_CLASS_BULLET);pagination.setPageFactory(new Callback<Integer, Node>() {@Overridepublic Node call(Integer pageIndex) { return createPage(pageIndex); }});AnchorPane anchor = new AnchorPane();AnchorPane.setTopAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setRightAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setBottomAnchor(pagination, 10.0);AnchorPane.setLeftAnchor(pagination, 10.0);anchor.getChildren().addAll(pagination);Scene scene = new Scene(anchor, 400, 450);stage.setScene(scene);stage.setTitle("PaginationSample");scene.getStylesheets().add("paginationsample/ControlStyle.css");stage.show();} }將新定義的樣式應用于PaginationSample應用程序并編譯并運行它時，您將看到如圖25-8所示的應用程序窗口。
圖25-8帶子彈頁面指示符的PaginationSample和應用的新CSS樣式
除了應用的樣式，您還可以考慮以下樣式來更改應用程序中分頁控件的外觀：
-
-fx-max-page-indicator-count?- 設置頁面指示符的最大數量。
-
-fx-arrows-visible-?true默認情況下，切換“下一個”和“上一個”按鈕箭頭的可見性。
-
-fx-tooltip-visible-?true默認情況下，切換頁面指示器工具提示的可見性。
-
-fx-page-information-visible-?true默認情況下，切換頁面信息的可見性。
-
-fx-page-information-alignment?- 設置頁面信息的對齊方式。
?
相關的API文檔?
-
Pagination
-
VBox
-
AnchorPane
總結
以上是生活随笔為你收集整理的JavaFX UI控件教程（二十六）之Pagination Control的全部內容，希望文章能夠幫你解決所遇到的問題。
- 上一篇： 2839 元新低：小天鹅水魔方 10 公
- 下一篇： JavaFX UI控件教程（二十七）之F