提示：以下操作均在root用戶下進(jìn)行，如在普通用戶，請(qǐng)自行加上sudo！

# 查看有沒(méi)有安裝MySQL：

dpkg -l | grep mysql

# 安裝MySQL：

apt install mysql-server

安裝完成之后可以使用如下命令來(lái)檢查是否安裝成功：

netstat -tap | grep mysql

通過(guò)上述命令檢查之后，如果看到有 mysql 的socket處于 LISTEN 狀態(tài)則表示安裝成功。

登錄mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可以通過(guò)如下命令：

mysql -u root -p

-u 表示選擇登陸的用戶名， -p 表示登陸的用戶密碼，現(xiàn)在是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)是沒(méi)有密碼的，Enter password:處直接回車，就能夠進(jìn)入mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

然后通過(guò) show databases; 就可以查看當(dāng)前的所有數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

接下來(lái)，為了確保數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的安全性和正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)進(jìn)行初始化操作。這個(gè)初始化操作涉及下面5個(gè)步驟。

(1)安裝驗(yàn)證密碼插件。

(2)設(shè)置root管理員在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中的專有密碼。

(3)隨后刪除匿名賬戶，并使用root管理員從遠(yuǎn)程登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，以確保數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)上運(yùn)行的業(yè)務(wù)的安全性。

(4)刪除默認(rèn)的測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，取消測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的一系列訪問(wèn)權(quán)限。

(5)刷新授權(quán)列表，讓初始化的設(shè)定立即生效。

對(duì)于上述數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)初始化的操作步驟，在下面的輸出信息旁邊我做了簡(jiǎn)單注釋。

root@ubuntu-virtual-machine:~# mysql_secure_installation

Securing the MySQL server deployment.

Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.

VALIDATE PASSWORD PLUGIN can be used to test passwords

and improve security. It checks the strength of password

and allows the users to set only those passwords which are

secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin?? ?#?要安裝驗(yàn)證密碼插件嗎?

Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No: N? ? # 這里我選擇N

Please set the password for root here.

New password:? ?#?輸入要為root管理員設(shè)置的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)密碼

Re-enter new password:? ?#?再次輸入密碼

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,

allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have

a user account created for them. This is intended only for

testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.

You should remove them before moving into a production

environment.

Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y? ? #?刪除匿名賬戶

Success.

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from

'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at

the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : N? ? #?禁止root管理員從遠(yuǎn)程登錄，這里我沒(méi)有禁止

... skipping.

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that

anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,

and should be removed before moving into a production

environment.

Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y? #?刪除test數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并取消對(duì)它的訪問(wèn)權(quán)限

- Dropping test database...

Success.

- Removing privileges on test database...

Success.

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes

made so far will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y? #?刷新授權(quán)表，讓初始化后的設(shè)定立即生效

Success.

All done!

檢查mysql服務(wù)狀態(tài)：

systemctl status mysql

顯示如下結(jié)果說(shuō)明mysql服務(wù)運(yùn)行是正常的：

再次用mysql -u root -p命令，Enter password:處輸入剛設(shè)置的密碼，回車，就能夠進(jìn)入mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。

使用 use mysql; 命令打開(kāi)mysql命名的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，顯示當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的表：show tables; 查詢user表里的數(shù)據(jù)：select * from user;(user表里是mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的所有賬戶信息)

現(xiàn)在配置mysql允許遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)，首先編輯 /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf 配置文件：

vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

注釋掉bind-address? ? ? ? ? = 127.0.0.1

保存退出，然后進(jìn)入mysql數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，執(zhí)行授權(quán)命令：

mysql -u root -p

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by '你的密碼' with grant option;

mysql> flush privileges;? ? # 刷新權(quán)限

mysql> exit

然后執(zhí)行exit命令退出mysql服務(wù)，再執(zhí)行如下命令重啟mysql：

systemctl restart?mysql

現(xiàn)在Windows下可以使用Navicat圖形化工具遠(yuǎn)程連接Ubuntu下的MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，輸入剛授權(quán)遠(yuǎn)程權(quán)限的密碼。

這里順便再分享下：Navicat for MySQL 10.1.7安裝包

OK，到這里Ubuntu18.04下安裝MySQL已經(jīng)完成了。

操作過(guò)程中我遇到了以下錯(cuò)誤：

E: 無(wú)法獲得鎖 /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: 資源暫時(shí)不可用)

E: Unable to acquire the dpkg frontend lock (/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend), is another process using it?

總結(jié)

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