linux 内核 三天吐血,编译安装——吐血经验,内附脚本
程序包編譯安裝:
源碼包:name-VERSION-release.src.rpm
rpm由源碼包安裝后,使用rpmbuild命令制作成二進制格式的rpm包,而后再安裝
源代碼–> 預處理–> 編譯(gcc)–> 匯編–> 鏈接–> 執行
源代碼組織格式:
多文件:文件中的代碼之間,很可能存在跨文件依賴關系
C 、C++ :make ( 項目管理器,configure –> Makefile.in –> makefile)
java: maven
C代碼編譯安裝三步驟:
1、./configure:
(1)通過選項傳遞參數,指定啟用特性、安裝路徑等;執行時會參考用戶的指定以及makefile.in 文件生成makefile
(2)檢查依賴到的外部環境
2、make:
根據makefile文件,構建應用程序
3、make install:
復制文件到相應路徑
開發工具:
autoconf:生成configure 腳本
automake:生成Makefile.in
注意:安裝前查看INSTALL,README
開源程序源代碼的獲取:
官方自建站點:
apache.org (ASF)
mariadb.org
…
代碼托管:
SourceForge.net
Github.com
code.google.com
c/c++ 編譯器: gcc (GNU C Complier)
編譯C源代碼:
前提:提供開發工具及開發環境
開發工具:make, gcc等
開發環境:開發庫,頭文件
glibc:標準庫
通過“包組”提供開發組件
CentOS:
"Development Tools",
"Server Platform Development"
第一步:configure 腳本
選項:指定安裝位置、指定啟用的特性
–help:獲取其支持使用的選項(進入到解壓的文件中執行命令)
選項分類:
安裝路徑設定:
–prefix=/PATH:指定默認安裝位置, 默認為/usr/local/
–sysconfdir=/PATH:配置文件安裝位置
Optional Features:可選特性
–disable-FEATURE
–enable-FEATURE[=ARG]
Optional Packages:可選包,
–with-PACKAGE[=ARG], 依賴包
–without-PACKAGE, 禁用依賴關系
第二步:make
第三步:make install
安裝后的配置:
(1) ?二進制程序目錄導入至PATH 環境變量中;
編輯文件/etc/profile.d/NAME.sh
export PATH=/PATH/TO/BIN:$PATH
(2) ?導入庫文件路徑
編輯/etc/ld.so.conf.d/NAME.conf
添加新的庫文件所在目錄至此文件中;
讓系統重新生成緩存:
ldconfig [-v]
(3)導入頭文件
基于鏈接的方式導出頭文件至/usr/include文件中
2種實現方式,導出整個目錄為1個符號鏈接,導出每個文件為符號鏈接
ln -sv
(4)導入幫助手冊
編輯/etc/man.config|man_db.conf 文件
添加一個MANPATH
注以下shell腳本問自己手動編寫,如若出現任何問題,本人概不負責
編譯安裝后自動配置腳本:(自動完成上述4步操作)
#!/bin/bash
#desricptino?auto?make?dir?of?configue?make?make?install
#version?0.1
#author?gaomeng
#date?20160822
#
read?-p?"Please?input?service?dir?path:?"?dir
//檢測該目錄是否存在,不存在則報錯,退出
if?[?-e?$dir?];then
echo?"dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"dir?is?not?exist."
exit
fi
bindir=$dir/bin
libdir=$dir/lib
includedir=$dir/include
mandir=$dir/man
//檢測該目錄下的bin,lib,include,man目錄是否存在,不存在則報錯,退出
if?[?-e?$bindir?];then
echo?"bin?dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"bin?dir?is?not?exist."
exit
fi
if?[?-e?$libdir?];then
echo?"lib?dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"lib?dir?is?not?exist."
exit
fi
if?[?-e?$includedir?];then
echo?"include?dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"include?dir?is?not?exist."
exit
fi
if?[?-e?$mandir?];then
echo?"man?dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"man?dir?is?not?exist."
exit
fi
name=`basename?$dir`
//檢測對應目錄下(/etc/profile.d/?,/etc/ld.so.conf.d/?,/usr/include/)的以路徑基名為文件名的文件是否存在,存在則報錯,退出
if?[?-e?/etc/profile.d/$name.sh?];?then
echo?"/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh?is?exist."
exit
else
touch?/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo?"PATH=$bindir:$PATH"?>>?/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo?"/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh?add?success."
echo?-e?"\033[42;31mplease?execute:?source?/etc/profile.d/http.sh\033[0m"
fi
if?[?-e?/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?];?then
echo?"/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?is?exist."
exit
else
echo?"$libdir"?>>?/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf
ldconfig
echo?"/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?add?success."
fi
if?[?-e?/usr/include/${name}?];?then
echo?"/usr/include/${name}?is?exist."
exit
else
ln?-sv?$includedir?/usr/include/${name}
echo?"/usr/include/${name}?add?success."
fi
//向/etc/man.config文件中最近一條man幫助文件路徑
echo?"MANPATH?$mandir"?>>?/etc/man.config
echo?"$mandir?add?in?/etc/man.config."
自動卸載腳本:(自動刪除上述4步所建目錄和安裝文件目錄)
#!/bin/bash
#description?auto?del?service?configue?file?and?service?file
#version?0.1
#auther?gaomeng
#date?20160823
#
read?-p?"Please?input?service?dir?path:?"?dir
//檢測該目錄是否存在,不存在則報錯
if?[?-e?$dir?];then
echo?"dir?is?exist."
else
echo?"dir?is?not?exist."
read?-p?"you?want?go?or?exit,please?input?"?ans
case?$ans?in
[yY]|[yY][sS][eE])
;;
[nN]|[nN][oO])
exit;;
*)
exit;;
esac
fi
name=`basename?$dir`
//檢測對應目錄下(/etc/profile.d/?,/etc/ld.so.conf.d/?,/usr/include/)的以路徑基名為文件名的文件是否存在,存在則刪除文件,不存在則退出
if?[?-e?/etc/profile.d/$name.sh?];?then
rm?-f?/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh
echo?"/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh?is?deleted."
else
echo?"/etc/profile.d/${name}.sh?is?not?exist."
fi
if?[?-e?/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?];?then
rm?-f?/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf
echo?"/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?is?deletes."
else
echo?"/etc/ld.so.conf.d/${name}.conf?is?not?exist."
fi
if?[?-e?/usr/include/${name}?];?then
rm?-f?/usr/include/${name}
echo?"/usr/include/${name}?is?deletes."
else
echo?"/usr/include/${name}?is?exist."
fi
//刪除/etc/man.config文件中的該服務的man幫助路徑
sed?-i?"s@MANPATH?/usr/local/${name}/man@@"?/etc/man.config
fgrep?"s@MANPATH?/usr/local/${name}/man@@"?/etc/man.config
echo?"${name}/man?delete?from?/etc/man.config."
//刪除該服務文件
rm?-rf?$dir
作業:源碼安裝http2.2.29
[root@CentOS6?~]#?lftp?10.1.0.1/pub??????????//下載源碼包
cd?ok,?cwd=/pub
lftp?10.1.0.1:/pub>?cd?Sources/sources/httpd/
lftp?10.1.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd>?get?httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2
5625498?bytes?transferred
lftp?10.1.0.1:/pub/Sources/sources/httpd>?bye
[root@CentOS6?~]#?tar?xf?httpd-2.2.29.tar.bz2????????????//解壓源碼包
[root@CentOS6?~]#?cd?httpd-2.2.29
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?./configure?prefix=/usr/local/apache2?????????????//安裝3步驟
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?make
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?make?install
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?which?apachectl????//apachectl的二進制程序路徑
/usr/sbin/apachectl
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?/root/makeautoadd.sh?????????????//執行編譯安裝后自動配置腳本
Please?input?service?dir?path:?/usr/local/apache2
dir?is?exist.
bin?dir?is?exist.
lib?dir?is?exist.
include?dir?is?exist.
man?dir?is?exist.
please?execute:?source?/etc/profile.d/http.sh
/etc/profile.d/apache2.sh?add?success.
/etc/ld.so.conf.d/apache2.conf?add?success.
`/usr/include/apache2'?->?`/usr/local/apache2/include'
/usr/include/apache2?add?success.
/usr/local/apache2/man?add?in?/etc/man.config.
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?source?/etc/profile.d/apache2.sh
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?which?apachectl???//apachectl的二進制程序路徑改變了
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?echo?"ServerName?localhost:80"?>>?/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?apachectl?start?????????????????//啟動服務
[root@CentOS6?httpd-2.2.29]#?ip?addr?show?eth0
2:?eth0:??mtu?1500?qdisc?pfifo_fast?state?UP?qlen?1000
link/ether?00:0c:29:dd:9f:c8?brd?ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet?10.1.143.1/8?brd?10.255.255.255?scope?global?eth0??????????????//ip地址
inet6?fe80::20c:29ff:fedd:9fc8/64?scope?link
valid_lft?forever?preferred_lft?forever
服務啟動成功
原創文章,作者:megedugao,如若轉載,請注明出處:http://www.178linux.com/39210
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