1. 引入

Apache Hudi支持多種分區(qū)方式數(shù)據(jù)集，如多級分區(qū)、單分區(qū)、時間日期分區(qū)、無分區(qū)數(shù)據(jù)集等，用戶可根據(jù)實際需求選擇合適的分區(qū)方式，下面來詳細了解Hudi如何配置何種類型分區(qū)。

2. 分區(qū)處理

為說明Hudi對不同分區(qū)類型的處理，假定寫入Hudi的Schema如下

{ "type" : "record", "name" : "HudiSchemaDemo", "namespace" : "hoodie.HudiSchemaDemo", "fields" : [ { "name" : "age", "type" : [ "long", "null" ] }, { "name" : "location", "type" : [ "string", "null" ] }, { "name" : "name", "type" : [ "string", "null" ] }, { "name" : "sex", "type" : [ "string", "null" ] }, { "name" : "ts", "type" : [ "long", "null" ] }, { "name" : "date", "type" : [ "string", "null" ] } ]}

其中一條具體數(shù)據(jù)如下

{ "name": "zhangsan", "ts": 1574297893837, "age": 16, "location": "beijing", "sex":"male", "date":"2020/08/16"}

2.1 單分區(qū)

單分區(qū)表示使用一個字段表示作為分區(qū)字段的場景，可具體分為非日期格式字段(如location)和日期格式字段(如date)

2.1.1 非日期格式字段分區(qū)

如使用上述location字段做為分區(qū)字段，在寫入Hudi并同步至Hive時配置如下

df.write().format("org.apache.hudi"). options(getQuickstartWriteConfigs()). option(DataSourceWriteOptions.TABLE_TYPE_OPT_KEY(), "COPY_ON_WRITE"). option(DataSourceWriteOptions.PRECOMBINE_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), "ts"). option(DataSourceWriteOptions.RECORDKEY_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), "name"). option(DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY(), partitionFields). option(DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY(), keyGenerator). option(TABLE_NAME, tableName). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.enable", true). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.table", tableName). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.username", "root"). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.password", "123456"). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.jdbcurl", "jdbc:hive2://localhost:10000"). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields", hivePartitionFields). option("hoodie.datasource.write.table.type", "COPY_ON_WRITE"). option("hoodie.embed.timeline.server", false). option("hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class", hivePartitionExtractorClass). mode(saveMode). save(basePath);

值得注意如下幾個配置項

• DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location，與寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段相同；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator，或者不配置該選項，默認為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.MultiPartKeysValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive創(chuàng)建的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `notdateformatsinglepartitiondemo`( `_hoodie_commit_time` string, `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string, `_hoodie_record_key` string, `_hoodie_partition_path` string, `_hoodie_file_name` string, `age` bigint, `date` string, `name` string, `sex` string, `ts` bigint)PARTITIONED BY ( `location` string)ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'LOCATION 'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/notDateFormatSinglePartitionDemo'TBLPROPERTIES ( 'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816154250', 'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597563780')

查詢表notdateformatsinglepartitiondemo

tips:?查詢時請先將hudi-hive-sync-bundle-xxx.jar包放入$HIVE_HOME/lib下

2.1.2 日期格式分區(qū)

如使用上述date字段做為分區(qū)字段，核心配置項如下

• DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為date；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為date，與寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段相同；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator，或者不配置該選項，默認為org.apache.hudi.keygen.SimpleKeyGenerator；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.SlashEncodedDayPartitionValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive創(chuàng)建的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `dateformatsinglepartitiondemo`( `_hoodie_commit_time` string, `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string, `_hoodie_record_key` string, `_hoodie_partition_path` string, `_hoodie_file_name` string, `age` bigint, `location` string, `name` string, `sex` string, `ts` bigint)PARTITIONED BY ( `date` string)ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'LOCATION 'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/dateFormatSinglePartitionDemo'TBLPROPERTIES ( 'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816155107', 'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597564276')

查詢表dateformatsinglepartitiondemo

2.2 多分區(qū)

多分區(qū)表示使用多個字段表示作為分區(qū)字段的場景，如上述使用location字段和sex字段，核心配置項如下

• DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location,sex；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location,sex，與寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段相同；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.ComplexKeyGenerator；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.MultiPartKeysValueExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive創(chuàng)建的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `multipartitiondemo`( `_hoodie_commit_time` string, `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string, `_hoodie_record_key` string, `_hoodie_partition_path` string, `_hoodie_file_name` string, `age` bigint, `date` string, `name` string, `ts` bigint)PARTITIONED BY ( `location` string, `sex` string)ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'LOCATION 'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/multiPartitionDemo'TBLPROPERTIES ( 'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816160557', 'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597565166')

查詢表multipartitiondemo

2.3 無分區(qū)

無分區(qū)場景是指無分區(qū)字段，寫入Hudi的數(shù)據(jù)集無分區(qū)。核心配置如下

• DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為空字符串；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為空字符串，與寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段相同；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.NonpartitionedKeyGenerator；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.NonPartitionedExtractor；

Hudi同步到Hive創(chuàng)建的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `nonpartitiondemo`( `_hoodie_commit_time` string, `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string, `_hoodie_record_key` string, `_hoodie_partition_path` string, `_hoodie_file_name` string, `age` bigint, `date` string, `location` string, `name` string, `sex` string, `ts` bigint)ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'LOCATION 'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/nonPartitionDemo'TBLPROPERTIES ( 'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816161558', 'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597565767')

查詢表nonpartitiondemo

2.4 Hive風格分區(qū)

除了上述幾種常見的分區(qū)方式，還有一種Hive風格分區(qū)格式，如location=beijing/sex=male格式，以location,sex作為分區(qū)字段，核心配置如下

• DataSourceWriteOptions.PARTITIONPATH_FIELD_OPT_KEY()配置為location,sex；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_fields配置為location,sex，與寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段相同；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.KEYGENERATOR_CLASS_OPT_KEY()配置為org.apache.hudi.keygen.ComplexKeyGenerator；
• hoodie.datasource.hive_sync.partition_extractor_class配置為org.apache.hudi.hive.SlashEncodedDayPartitionValueExtractor；
• DataSourceWriteOptions.HIVE_STYLE_PARTITIONING_OPT_KEY()配置為true；

生成的Hudi數(shù)據(jù)集目錄結構會為如下格式

/location=beijing/sex=male

Hudi同步到Hive創(chuàng)建的表如下

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE `hivestylepartitiondemo`( `_hoodie_commit_time` string, `_hoodie_commit_seqno` string, `_hoodie_record_key` string, `_hoodie_partition_path` string, `_hoodie_file_name` string, `age` bigint, `date` string, `name` string, `ts` bigint)PARTITIONED BY ( `location` string, `sex` string)ROW FORMAT SERDE 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe'STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hudi.hadoop.HoodieParquetInputFormat'OUTPUTFORMAT 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'LOCATION 'file:/tmp/hudi-partitions/hiveStylePartitionDemo'TBLPROPERTIES ( 'last_commit_time_sync'='20200816172710', 'transient_lastDdlTime'='1597570039')

查詢表hivestylepartitiondemo

3. 總結

本篇文章介紹了Hudi如何處理不同分區(qū)場景，上述配置的分區(qū)類配置可以滿足絕大多數(shù)場景，當然Hudi非常靈活，還支持自定義分區(qū)解析器，具體可查看KeyGenerator和PartitionValueExtractor類，其中所有寫入Hudi的分區(qū)字段生成器都是KeyGenerator的子類，所有同步至Hive的分區(qū)值解析器都是PartitionValueExtractor的子類。上述示例代碼都已經(jīng)上傳至https://github.com/leesf/hudi-demos，該倉庫會持續(xù)補充各種使用Hudi的Demo，方便開發(fā)者快速了解Hudi，構建企業(yè)級數(shù)據(jù)湖，歡迎star & fork。

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