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五分钟了解dotnetcore配置框架
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一、前言
配置的本質就是字符串的鍵值對，微軟的一系列接口其實就是對這些鍵值對字符串的抽象。
二、基本類型
2.1、Nuget包
2.2、抽象接口
三、基本配置
注：各種配置方式的目的是在控制臺中輸出以下內容，如下圖：
3.1、加載內存中的配置
static void Main(string[] args)
{IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();var memoryData = new Dictionary<string, string>();memoryData.Add("Student:Code", "10002385");memoryData.Add("Student:Name", "LiuSan");builder.AddInMemoryCollection(memoryData);IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}"); Console.Read();
}
3.2、加載環境變量中的配置
static void Main(string[] args)
{IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddEnvironmentVariables();IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}");Console.Read();
}
3.3、加載命令行中的配置
static void Main(string[] args)
{IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddCommandLine(args);IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}");Console.Read();
}
3.4、加載Json中的配置
static void Main(string[] args)
{IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}");Console.Read();
}
3.5、加載xml中的配置
需要引入包：Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Xml
主要方法：builder.AddXmlFile("appsettings.xml")
xml中不會讀取最外層，所以Section必需從第二層開始
static void Main(string[] args)
{IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddXmlFile("appsettings.xml");IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}");Console.Read();
}
四、高級配置
4.1、將配置綁定至強對象
class Program{static void Main(string[] args){IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();var student = new Student();configurationRoot.GetSection("Student").Bind(student);Console.WriteLine($"Code:{student.Code}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{student.Name}");Console.Read();}}class Student{public string Code { get; set; }public string Name { get; set; }}
4.2、IOptions
需要引入包：Microsoft.Extensins.Options
需要引入包：Microsoft.Extensions.Options.ConfigurationExtensions
本質其實就是將一個Section配置節點映射到一個實體對象
class Program{static void Main(string[] args){IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json");IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IServiceCollection services = new ServiceCollection();services.Configure<WeixinOptions>(configurationRoot.GetSection("WeixinSetting"));services.AddScoped<IWeixinService, WeixinService>();var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();var weixinService = provider.GetService<IWeixinService>();string appId = weixinService.AppId;string token = weixinService.Token;Console.Read();}}interface IWeixinService{string AppId { get; }string Token { get; }}class WeixinService: IWeixinService{IOptions<WeixinOptions> _options;public WeixinService(IOptions<WeixinOptions> options){_options = options;}public string AppId { get => _options.Value.AppId; }public string Token { get => _options.Value.Token;}}class WeixinOptions{public string AppId { get; set; }public string Token { get; set; }}
4.3、熱更新
static void Main(string[] args){IConfigurationBuilder builder = new ConfigurationBuilder();builder.AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", optional:false, reloadOnChange:true);IConfigurationRoot configurationRoot = builder.Build();IConfigurationSection configurationSection = configurationRoot.GetSection("Student");var token = configurationRoot.GetReloadToken();ChangeToken.OnChange(() => configurationRoot.GetReloadToken(), () => {Console.WriteLine("配置發生改變了...");Console.WriteLine($"Code:{configurationSection["Code"]}");Console.WriteLine($"Name:{configurationSection["Name"]}");}); Console.Read();}
五、總結
配置就是key-value鍵值對字符串
IConfiguration和IConfigurationRoot是對鍵值對的抽象
IConfigurationBuilder用于構建IConfiguration和IConfigurationRoot
IConfigurationSource是對數據源的抽象
IConfigurationProvider將不同來源的IConfigurationSource 轉為統一的模型
IOptions方便將不同的配置節點(Path)映射為對應的強類型對象
IConfigurationBuilder添加多個數據源（IConfigurationSource）后，如果key重名，則以最后一個配置為準(覆蓋前面)
總結
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